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History Nat 5 > Hitler and the Rise of the Nazis > Flashcards

Hitler and the Rise of the Nazis Flashcards

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1
Q

Why was Hitler made Chancellor?

A
  • Leader of largest party
  • Von Papan thought he could control him and make him do what he wanted
  • Because of the Wall Street crash and the Great Depression, many people saw him as a strong leader
  • Hidenburg and the army were scared of a Communist uprising and wanted to use the army to crush them
  • Appealed to many (promises) - socialists, nationalists, racists, fascists, the rich, the poor)
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2
Q

Why did people support the Nazis?

A
  • Powerful speeches
  • Discipline and order (SA)
  • Unity behind one leader
  • Propaganda
  • Decisive action
  • Blaming the Jews for everything bad in Germany, shifts the blame from the people in power
  • Unhappiness with Wiemar
  • Promises and policies
  • Hitler’s charisma
  • Terror state, strength of Nazis, SA
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3
Q

How was the economic problem solved?

A
  • Economists across Europe and the USA realised that if German economy collapses all of Europe would be unstable
  • Charles Dawes (American) arranged for the USA to lend Germany money. This was the DAWS PLAN: French and Belgian troops were ordered to leave the Ruhr and reparation payments we changed
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4
Q

Nazi Intimidation

A
  • The Terror State - fear of camps
  • The Gestapo - secret police
  • The SS - protection squads, controlled concentration camps
  • The SA - paramilitary formations
  • Courts and police under Himmler - (Only gave out guilty verdicts then sent to concentration camps, normal police under his rule, justice system was all Hitler’s - part of terror state
  • Political opponents arrested
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5
Q

Hyperinflation

A
  • Caused by the gov printing off more money to pay workers who went on strike in response to the Rhur invasion
  • Marks lost all value
  • Savings were lost
  • Fixed income receivers suffered greatly
  • Those paid monthly struggled
  • Food shortages
  • Rise in crime
  • Solution - the Dawes Plan and the Rentenmark
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6
Q

Discontent with Weimar

A
  • Spartacist Revolt
  • Hyperinflation
  • Munich Putsch
  • ‘November Criminals’ - those who supported WR
  • Debt to other countries
  • Lack of action and decisions
  • Not trusted
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7
Q

Why did France want to treat Germany so harshly?

A
  • To ensure that Germany remains weak
  • Previous wars - Napoleonic wars and the Franco - Prussian war
  • Lost a lot of land
  • France suffered the most during the war and wanted to ensure that German could not attack again
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8
Q

ToV

A
  • Germany had to pay the Allies £6.6 billion in reparations
  • Army had to be reduced to 100,000 men, navy reduced to 6 battleships and air force banned
  • Germany had to accept full responsibility of starting the war
  • Rhineland became a demilitarised zone
  • Alsace and Lorraine was to be given to France as well as other land to Belgium, Denmark and Poland
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9
Q

Opposition to ToV

A
  • Germany hated everything about the treaty
  • Angry that they had not been allowed to negotiate
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10
Q

Ecomomic problems of WR

A
  • Hyperinflation
  • Loss of resources - ToV took areas of land containing valuable resources
  • Ruhr invasion - Germany got behind on reparations payments so French and Belgian troops invaded
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11
Q

Political problems of WR

A
  • Rebellions and terrorism
  • ‘Stab in the back theory’ - military thought that politicians stabbed them in the back by signing the treaty and ending the war
  • War guilt clause - humiliation
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12
Q

Social problems of WR

A
  • Suffering - resources poured into war effort
  • Changing borders - many Germans now living outside borders, felt like rights were not being recognised
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13
Q

Characteristics of Wiemar Government

A
  • Article 48 - in an emergency, President could take control of Germany and issue laws and decrees
  • This would potentially allow for dictatorship to develop
  • All men and women over the age of 20 could vote
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14
Q

Munich Putsch Uprising

A
  • 8th Nov 1923 during hyperinflation
  • Planned to overthrow gov as they hated the treaty and economic problems it caused
  • 600 Nazis surrounded building
  • Hitler knew no. of important politicians were inside
  • Stormed stage
  • Hitler waved gun and he forced them to agree to rebel, declared national revolution had begun
  • SA took over army headquarters and offices of local newspapers
  • Next day Hitler and SA marched into Munich, police killed 16 members of SA
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15
Q

Spartacist Revolt

A
  • Jan 1919, 100,000 workers went on strike and demonstrated in Berlin
  • Wanted power to be in the hands of the working class
  • Demonstrators armed themselves and newspaper and communication buildings armed themselves
  • Over in 1 week
  • The freikorps helped gov arrest and shoot protestors
  • Both leaders arrested and murdered
  • Many people returned home due to lack of planning
  • Began peaceful and turned violent
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16
Q

Reichstag Fire 1933

A
  • 27th Feb 1933
  • Reichstag building (German parliament) burnt down
  • Communists blamed because a Dutch Communist was found at the scene with a lighter
  • Hitler used this fire to expel communists from parliament and imprisoned communist leaders
  • Announced country was at danger because of Communists
  • Encouraged more people to support Nazis
  • Because of these actions the Nazi party gained more seats in parliament
  • Fire so beneficial to Nazis it has been suggested that they started it themselves
17
Q

Why did Hitler and the Nazi’s appeal to people?

A
  • Promises - promised more money, if they invested they would get a Volkswagen beetle but no one got, money went towards weapon factories
  • Strong and powerful after the Kaiser’s resign
  • Decisive action
18
Q

Nazi consolidation of power

A
  • Nazis win 288 seats in the Reichstag
  • Hitler sets up the Gestapo
  • Hitler sets up agreement with pope which states that the church will be protected but will stay out of political matters
  • SA cause problems by demanding to take over the army
  • Hitler unifies the offices of President and Chancellor and became head of the German army.
  • He takes the title of Fuhrer and has complete dictatorial powers.
19
Q

Formation and characteristics of the National Socialist Gov

A
  • Racism
  • Autarky - Germany must be economically self-sufficient and not dependent on goods imported from abroad
  • The Führer Principle - there must be a single leader of a single party, holding complete power
  • Control through fear and opression
20
Q

Intimidation

A
  • SS
  • SA
  • Gestapo
  • The terror state
  • In charge of police and courts - no crimes investigated that were committed by Nazis
  • The army - flags and symbols, marches, uniformed troops on streets
  • Political opponents arrested
21
Q

Treatment of Jews

A
  • Concentration camps
  • Kristallnacht - vandalism, violence, persecution
  • Boycotting
  • Nuremburg laws removed rights
  • Children denied education
  • Ghettos (poor urban areas created for certain groups) opened to separate Jews and others
22
Q

Opposition to Nazis

A
  • Some Catholic priests opposed Hitler
  • Joke books made about them disguised as something else
  • The White Rose
  • Youth groups
  • Graffiti
  • Refused to do Nazi greetings and refused to contribute to trust funds
23
Q

How did young people resist youth groups?

A
  • Refusing to join
  • Formed other groups such as the Edelweiss pirates, the Navajos and the Texas bands
  • Wrote graffiti, attacked Nazi officials, listened to jazz music, wore makeup
24
Q

Nazi Economic Policies

A
  • Wanted to make Germany self -sufficient so that it didn’t have to rely on other countries: invasion of countries with materials and food
  • Wanted to control workers and their leisure time: Volkswagen car manufactured, workers could buy it on a scheme
  • German economy had to be ready for war: ignored ToV and started to re-arm Germany
  • Promises to solve unemployment: new stadiums, hospitals, schools and motorways were built
25
Q

Militarism

A
  • Nazis was determined to make Germany ready for war at any time
  • Hitler youth developed survival skills and physical strength
  • Army size increased
  • Conscription introduced: most young men then draughted into the army
26
Q

Nuremburg Rallies

A
  • Involved hundreds of thousands of Nazis, all immaculately dressed
  • Form of propaganda
  • Aimed to show how powerful Germany was
  • Speeches
  • Dances
  • Marches

History Nat 5 (3 decks)

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