Hitler

Question 1

How did France and Belgium react to Germany’s inability to pay the reparations?
(3 parts)

Answer 1

1. French and Belgian troops march into the Ruhr
2. German workers carry out “passive resistance”
3. Economy came to a halt

Question 2

Cause and effect of hyper inflation

Answer 2

Cause : Weimar gov printed more money to pay reparations

Effect : Prices rose out of control -> German mark and peoples savings became worthless -> poverty and starvation

Question 3

Why was the Weimar Republic unpopular? (3 Egs)

Answer 3

1. They had signed the TOV which was seen as humiliating and accepting defeat. (Germans thought they could have won the war)
2. Lost important areas of land which could make money like the Saar coalfields due to TOV
3. Seen as “November Criminals” and backstabbing the army

Question 4

Stressmann’s economic solutions

4 Egs

Answer 4

1. Introduced Rentenmark
2. Dawes plan - US lend 800 million marks + more flexible payment timeframe
3. Young plan - Reduce reparations amount by over 30%
4. Called off passive resistance in the Ruhr

Question 5

Stressmann’s foreign policy

3 Egs

Answer 5

1. Locarno treaties - Germany to respect boundaries imposed by TOV, Fr to withdraw from the Ruhr
2. Germany part of LON (permanent member)
3. Kellog-Briand Pact - 64 nations agree to solve disputes peacefully

Question 6

(1920s) How did Germany enter the ‘Golden Age’ (3 Egs)

Answer 6

1. Young Plan - reduced reparations amount by over 67%
2. Industrial productions increased, Germany became one of the leading exporters of manufacturing goods by 1930
3. Factories, public facilities, homes built

Question 7

Drawbacks under Stresemann (4 Egs)

Answer 7

1. Germany more dependent on American Loans
2. More imports than exports, trading at a loss
3. Nationalists disliked Germany joining LON
4. Communism rose in power, from 45 seats (1924) to 54 seats in the Reichstag (1928)

Question 8

Fall of Weimar due to the weakness of the new constitution

3 Egs

Answer 8

1. Encouraged many small parties, difficult to get a majority vote, resulting in coalitions where parties merged together, leading to weak governments
2. President had too much power, he could abandon democracy and rule by degree
3. Generals and judges formally served the Kaiser, against the Weimar Republic

Question 9

Define: Great depression

Specific chain of events

Answer 9

Wall street crashed—–>American banks withdrew loans—–>German companies unable to pay back—->Close down + loss of jobs

Question 10

Impact of great depression in Germany

5 Egs

Answer 10

1. Unemployment rose to 30%, led to poverty and starvation
2. Less output, less workers needed
3. Demand for German goods fell
4. Chancellor Bruning, nicknamed “hunger chancellor” reduced salaries of civil servants and cut back on unemployment benefits
5. Germans unhappy with the incapable Weimar Govt, look to extremist Nazi and communist parties

Question 11

Hitler’s Party Organization (3 Egs)

Answer 11

1. Created a youth movement
2. Set up branches of the Nazi Party in different parts of Germany
3. Arranged large public meetings to attract new members

Question 12

How did Hitler exploit the fear of communism to gain support?
(3 Egs)

Answer 12

1. Increase in votes for communist party from 1928 to 1932, from 11% to 17%
2. The Great depression showed that capitalism was not working and Germany should switch to communism
3. Used propaganda to spread fear of communism, gaining the financial support of the rich, allowing him to build his own personal army (SA) and carry out his propaganda campaign
4. Hitler’s SA publicly marching in their brown uniforms made them seem powerful and capable of handling the communist threat

Question 13

Hitler’s Charisma (5 Egs)

Answer 13

1. Seemed to understand the German’s problems
2. Arrived late to speeches, starting off soft but build up towards a furious and passionate finish
3. Promised to unite Germany and abolish TOV
4. Offered simple solutions to complex problems
5. Blamed the Allies, Weimar and Jews for Germany’s problems

Question 14

How did Hitler use Propaganda? (DURING rise to power) (3 Egs)

Answer 14

1. SA march and performed drills in their brown uniforms. Made the Nazi Party seem strong and able to handle the communist threat
2. Offer “Bread and Work” to appeal to the unemployed
3. Radio Speeches, colorful posters and exciting rallies stirred the crowds to support him

Question 15

Why did Hindenburg appoint Hitler as Chancellor? (political) (4 Egs)

Answer 15

1. Hindenburg appointed Von Papen as chancellor at first but he was rejected by the Reichstag
2. Hitler refused to join any coalition unless he was chancellor
3. It was thought than putting Von Papen as Vice-Chancellor was enough to control Hitler, limiting his influence
4. Hitler as the chancellor would eliminate the communist threat and keep the government non-communist

Question 16

Define: Rise to Power

specific chain of events

Answer 16

Hitler’s popularity rose—–>Hindenburg gave him position of chancellor

Question 17

How did the Reichstag Fire benefit Hitler? (4 parts)

Answer 17

1. The communist Van Der Lubbe arrested for the crime
2. Nazi’s blamed the communists for causing the fire
3. Hitler attained emergency powers, restricting personal liberty, could arrest without trial
4. Used his power to imprison the communist opposition

Question 18

Why did Hitler turn on his SA? (Night Of The Long Knives) (3 Egs)

Answer 18

1. SA wanted a more socialist Germany which Hitler was opposed to since this would lose him the support of the rich industrialists
2. The leader, Ernst Rohm, was powerful, seen as a threat to Hitler’s leadership
3. German Army saw SA as rivals, promised to pledge loyalty to Hitler only if SA was disbanded. (Allow him to become the Fuhrer)

Question 19

How did the Enabling Act benefit Hitler? (3 Egs)

Answer 19

1. Give him the right to pass laws for the next 4 years without consulting the Reichstag
2. The Nazi’s still did not have overall majority (solved this problem)
3. Become one-party state/ establish dictatorship/no opposition to polices

Question 20

How did Hitler gain political control through his one party state/after the enabling act? (4 Egs)

Answer 20

1. Passed new laws that banned all other political parties
2. Top jobs in the police force and courts given to high-ranking Nazi’s
3. SS and Gestapo enforced obedience using fear and terror
4. Opposition such as liberals, socialists, communists often arrested or sent to concentration camps without trial (also fear and terror)

Question 21

How did Hitler use propaganda? (AFTER rise to power) (5 Egs)

Answer 21

1. All newspapers were censored
2. Cheap radios manufactured so must Germans could afford one and listen to propaganda
3. Controlled the film industry, often glorified German heroes, show Jews as weak and devious
4. Organized Nuremburg Rallies, where Nazi supporters listened to choirs, sang songs etc.
5. Berlin Olympics used to show physical superiority of the Aryan race

Question 22

How did Hitler control Education? (4 Egs)

Answer 22

1. Teachers had to teach Nazi curriculum or be sent to concentration camps
2. School textbooks rewritten to support Nazi Ideas and history
3. History used to glorify German Heroes and blame the Jews for Germany’s problems
4. Biology used to teach that the Aryan race was superior

Question 23

How did Hitler control religion? (4 Egs)

Answer 23

1. Signed an agreement with the Catholic Church to not interfere with each other.
2. Fearing the wide influence of Christian churches, Hitler closed down a number of church organizations anyway
3. Set-up the Reich Church, preached Nazi Values while banning the bible, crosses and other religious symbols
4. Sent thousands of nuns and priests who criticized him to concentration camps

Question 24

How did Hitler mistreat the Jews? (5 Egs)

Answer 24

1. Boycotted all Jewish businesses, marking them with the star of David
2. Introduced Nuremburg Laws stating -Jews could longer be German Citizens - Marriages between Aryan and Jew were forbidden
3. Night of broken glass (1938), German diplomat shot by polish Jew, Hitler reacted by burning down 200 synagogues and attacking thousands of Jewish businesses
4. Proposed “The Final Plan” (Holocaust) to kill all Jews through gas chambers, executions or be worked to death. Killed roughly 6 million Jews.
5. Many concentration camps such as Auschwitz, where Jews were sent to be worked to death or gassed

Question 25

Hitler’s discrimination against minority groups (5 Egs)

Answer 25

1. Persecuted prostitutes, criminals, homosexuals ect
2. Also transported them to concentration camps to be worked to death or killed
3. Handicapped babies injected with poison
4. The mentally handicapped were starved to death
5. 300 000 people with hereditary illnesses forced to be sterilized

Question 26

How did Hitler solve unemployment? (5 Egs)

Answer 26

1. Government projects such as building highways created many jobs
2. Created the National Labor Service that employed jobless people
3. Civil Service Expanded to provide thousands of admirative jobs
4. Reintroduced conscription, increased the army to 1.4 million men
5. Efforts toward rearmament increased demand of weapons, causing factories to employ more workers

Question 27

Show that Germany’s economy improved under Hitler (4 Egs)

Answer 27

1. Rearmament profited big businesses because of increased demands
2. Coal, steel, chemical and transport sectors won large contracts to provide military supplies
3. Workers were disciplined, no longer participated in communist trade unions
4. Hjalmar Schacht engineered the 4 year plan, aimed at achieving Autarky (self-sufficiency)

Question 28

Show that Germany’s economy DID NOT improve under Hitler (5 egs)

Answer 28

1. Statistics were exaggerated, economy remained weak
2. New jobs were available only because women and Jews were removed from their jobs
3. Small businesses did not benefit from rearmament
   (Failed to achieve autarky)
4. Failed to develop viable oil and rubber industries
5. Spent more money on imports than money earned form exports, trading at a loss
6. Was still importing more than one-third of raw materials

Question 29

How did Hitler change the role of women? (5 Egs)

Answer 29

1. Confined them to roles of mother and spouse only
2. Excluded them from politics and academics
3. Young German women to undergo training in domestic tasks through farming and sports
4. No female members in the Reichstag after 1933 elections
5. All women’s associations banned

Question 30

How did Hitler brainwash the youths? (5 Egs)

Answer 30

1. Special Nazi Youth organizations set up for different age groups
2. All boys and girls had to join these Nazi controlled Leagues such as Pimpf, Hitler youth etc.
3. Main activities of hiking, camping and learning sessions based on Hitler’s ideas
4. Boys went through programs focused on physical and military training through outdoor activates like running and camping
5. Girls learnt how to be good mothers and wives

Question 31

How did Hitler maintain the support of the workers? (3 Egs)

Answer 31

1. Provided holidays and activities to control their leisure time
2. ‘Strength through Joy’, providing cheap cinema tickets, organizing courses and sporting events.
3. ‘Beauty of Labor, set up to improve working conditions. Washing facilities and cheap canteens were implemented

Question 32

How did Hitler gain control over the workers? (5 egs)

Answer 32

1. Workers forced to join the German Work Front
2. No longer allowed to go on strike and bargain for pay raises or better conditions
3. All workers given workbooks in which employers made comments about them
4. Needed the government’s permission to leave their jobs
5. Conducted a wage freeze in 1935

Question 33

Hitler gained economic control by turning on trade unions (5 egs)

Answer 33

1. Hitler sent his SA and SS to occupy trade union premises
2. Union funds were confiscated
3. Union leaders were arrested and sent to concentration camps such as Dachau
4. All workers had to be part of the German Labour Front instead
5. Workers lost their right to negotiate wages and working conditions