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hitler Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the terms of the TOV

A
  • Germany had to accept blame for starting war
  • Reparations
  • Germany had to pay reparations to the allies for damages caused by the war
  • Exact figure was agreed in 1921 – 6.6 billion pounds sterling (big amount)
  • Overseas territories and colonies
  • Overseas empires taken away
  • Former colonies became mandates controlled by the LoN (essentially France and Britain controlled them)
  • Lost land in the treaty on its European Borders, losing agricultural/industrial land
  • Alsace Lorraine given to France
  • Rhineland demilitarised
  • Eupen and Malmedy given to Belgium
  • North Schleswig given to Denmark
  • Danzig now run as a free city by LoN
  • Poland given corridor to Baltic sea (western Prussia)- cutting off East Prussia from Germany
  • Posen - rich farmland given to Poland
  • Germany forbidden to join alliances with Austria
  • Weaknesses
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2
Q

hitler’s targrets at first

A
  • politicians who accepted Germany’s defeat in 1918
  • jews
  • communists
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3
Q

key demands of the Nazi party

A
  • the union of all Germans in a greater germany
  • the revocation of the treaty of versailles
  • the gaining of territories to accommodate German’s surplus population
  • the restriction of state citizenship to those of German blood
  • jews to be denied membership of the Volk
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4
Q

SA

A

hitlers strong-arm guards, lead by rohm

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5
Q

Hitler’s autobiography book

A

mein kampf

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6
Q

hitler’s political ideas

A
  • the conviction that politics was dialectical – a bitter struggle between irreconcilable opposites
  • unshakable belief in Germany’s destiny as a great Aryan nation to destroy Jewry and seize the Slav lands of the east
  • a passionate hatred of communism
  • belief in the power of the state as the central social organization
  • the conviction that women were subordinate to men and should not engage in politics.
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7
Q

what made the Nazi’s the most appealing party?

A
  • the failure of the weimar republic
  • the believed the Nazi’s as the great protectors of Germany
  • the unemployment increased, and the unemployed saw hope in hitler
  • the Great Depression
  • they promised the landlords to keep their lands from communists
  • the revocation of the TOV
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8
Q

reichstag elections 1932

A

the Nazi’s doubled their votes and won twice as many seats.

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9
Q

rise to power:

A
  • TOV
  • Germany’s political instability
  • economic difficulties
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10
Q

enabling bill

A

A measure which granted the German Chancellor the power to govern by personal decree without reference to the Reichstag. such that, it was passed in march 1933 after the reichstag fires.

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11
Q

reichstag fires

A

in febuary 1933, a dutch communist set a fire to the reichstag building in Berlin. Hitler used it as an advantage and announced the incident as a communist plot.

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12
Q

propaganda leader

A

Joseph goebbels

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13
Q

gleichschaltung

A

consolidation of power, which allowed him to take control

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14
Q

crushing of opposition

A

the night of long knives- arrested the leader of the SA Ernest rohm because he was taking too much power, therefore the SA was replaced with the SS

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15
Q

main instruments of Nazi control

A

the SS, gestapo, the army, and the gauleiters.

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16
Q

SS

A

hitler’s personal bodyguard

a civilian police network run on military lines, enforcing the law while itself operating outside the law.

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17
Q

who ran the concentration camps

A

the SS

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18
Q

SS ideology

A
  • the protection of Germany from racial corruption
  • the cultivation of a fighting spirit among its members
  • loyalty to the German state
  • absolute obedience to the orders of the Führer.
19
Q

Gestapo

A

a special arm of the SS, an organization dedicated to the removal of opposition, through the use of violence.

20
Q

the army

A

it was disloyal in the first world war, therefore an army oath was required

21
Q

army oath

A

hitler did this by making the oath that the officers and men took a declaration of‘unconditional loyalty to the person of the Führer’. From now on the loyalty of the military was to Hitler personally

22
Q

army scandals

A

hitler wanted to have complete control over the army, therefore spread the rumors about the field Marshall and the commander in chief. they exploited that the Wehrmacht was corrupt and could no longer be trusted.

23
Q

opposition to hitler

A
  • religious opposition
  • young
  • left
  • right
24
Q

opposition from the young

A
  • edelweiss group : 12 of them hanged in public
  • the white rose group : all six had been arrested, tried and guillotined (5 students and 1 staff member of the Munich university)
  • Swingjugend : arrested
25
Q

religious opposition:

A

Clemens von Galen, the Catholic Archbishop: sent to a concentration camp
Dietrich Bonhoeffer: assassinated

26
Q

opposition from the right

A

the July bomb plot: from within the military

27
Q

hitler’s consolidation to power:

A 
resistance failure 
hitler becomes president 
enabling act 
reighstag fires (communist plot)
propaganda 
nazi control (SS, GESTAP, AND THE ARMY)
28
Q

Hitler’s economic policies

A
  • The policies of Hjalmar Schacht
  • The New Plan, 1934
  • Goering’s Four-Year Plan, 1936–39
  • rearmament
29
Q

The policies of Hjalmar Schacht

A
  • Using his many contacts among the big bankers and industrialists, Schacht established the ‘Organization of Industry’. This was a body made up of business guilds, employers’ associations and finance houses.
  • So successful was the Organization in promoting trade and industry that a number of countries began to advance loans to Germany.
  • Schacht also approved of taxation as a way of increasing state funds.
30
Q

The New Plan

A

aim to ending unemployment

  • schemes for creating employment through public works projects, such as road repairs, forest clearing and planting, and the building of new hospitals and schools
  • young men aged 18–25 were required to join the National Labour Service for six months
31
Q

Goering’s Four-Year Plan

A
  • the bringing of Germany’s labour force under tighter control so that it could directed into vital areas such as arms production
  • increased use of import controls to protect German manufactures
  • the production of synthetic substitutes for rubber and oil to avoid these
    essentials having to be imported.
32
Q

rearmament

A

provide funds for rearmament

33
Q

hitler’s domestic policies

A
  • economic policies
  • political policies
  • cultural policies
  • policies towards woman
  • policies towards the youth
  • policies towards minorities
34
Q

political policies

A
  • removal of the TOV
  • withdrawal from the LON
  • anschuulus
  • taking back Saarland
35
Q

cultural policies

A
  • banning of jewish music and art

- superiority of the arian race

36
Q

policy towards women

A
  • housewives
  • fewer women were allocated university places
  • the professions, such as the law and higher education, provided fewer
    positions for women
  • the civil service no longer accepted women entrants.
  • abortion was made illegal
    -birth control pills were taken from pharmacies
  • at war, their prime duty is to assist the war effort.
37
Q

policies towards the youth

A

education, curriculum was to show the superiority of the aryan race and Nazi ideologies.
- hitler youth, nationalistic views.

38
Q

policies towards the minorities

A
  • sterilization program - those suffering from specific diseases (epilepsy, deafness and blindness)
  • euthanasia program “mercy killing” to those with defectives
  • concentration camps
39
Q

the treatment of jews

A
  • Jews were barred from positions in the civil service and the professions
  • Marriage and sexual relations between Jews and Germans were forbidden.
  • Full Jews were deprived of German citizenship.
  • Jewish doctors were debarred from medical practice.
  • Jewish businesses were forbidden to operate.
  • Jewish students were dismissed from state schools and universities.
  • A strict curfew was imposed on Jews living in towns and cities.
  • Kristallnacht: killings of the jews
  • the holocaust : jews and all other minorities were killed brutally
40
Q

who are the minorities?

A 
The Roma gypsies 
Homosexuals
Jehovah’s Witnesses 
‘Rhineland bastards’ 
disabled people
41
Q

propaganda:

A
  • sports- Berlin olympics
  • the press - Eher Verlag, the NSDAP’s own publishing firm
    all new papers were nazi dominated, ‘editors law’ was passed.
  • the arts: removal of jewish perceptions music, and other form of art works.
  • radio: the reich radio company ledgy the Nazis
  • education
42
Q

hitler’s foreign policy aims

A

• To reverse the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
• To make Germany a great world power again.
• To unite all German speaking people.
• To rearm Germany and restore all its lost territories.
• To conquer an Empire in the East to give Germany Lebensraum (living space).
- expand the empire

43
Q

foreign policy

A
  • saarland
  • remilitarization rhineland
  • conquering Austria
  • Sudetenland crisis
  • Munich agreement
  • invasion of Poland
  • anti-comintern

history (2 decks)

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