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Hitler Flashcards

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0
Q

When did Hitler become Chancellor?

A

1933

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1
Q

When was the Great Depression?

A

1929-1933

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2
Q

How did Hitler gain power?

A

Had simple, quick solutions. Offered hope to middle class. Promised jobs, national strength and unity.

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3
Q

How did Hitler become dictator?

A

Hitler evoked enabling law, this suspended constitution. Meant Hitler was dictator for 4 years.

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4
Q

What kind of state did Hitler make Germany?

A

Totalitarian

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5
Q

What is a totalitarian state?

A

State more important than people, strict rules on education and media, only one state, secret police and army, fear and hates internal and external enemies

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6
Q

What were the Nazi party ideals?

A

Anti-Semitism (aryan race superior), anti-communist (committed to defeating USSR), nationalistic (unite all German speaking people esp. Austria), expansionistic (idea of lebensruam - living space, though territorial expansion), militarism (conscription and rearmament)

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7
Q

What policies and actions were put in place from July 1933?

A

All political parties banned (many political opponents imprisoned/executed), trade unions banned (union leaders imprisoned), Nazi party controlled local government, public servants forced to join Nazi party

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8
Q

How many people were unemployed by 1933?

A

6 million

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9
Q

When was the ‘Night of the Broken Glass’?

A

10 November 1938

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10
Q

What was the Gestapo?

A

The secret police

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11
Q

What was the ‘Night of the Broken Glass’?

A

First organised violence against Jews. Shops looted, synagogues burned and Jews murdered

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12
Q

What and when were the Nuremberg Laws?

A

1935, Jews denied German citizenship and could not marry German citizens, [Jews banned from all professions and children banned from schools and universities (by 1938)]

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13
Q

What was the enabling act?

A

Citizens lost legal rights - imprisoned without trial

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14
Q

Why were textbooks altered?

A

To teach students to hate Jews

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15
Q

Why were history texts rewritten?

A

To indicate Germany was a victim of ww1 and TOV

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16
Q

What was Hitler Youth?

A

Program designed to make all students swear an oath to hitler and drilled in military style. (6-10 years - Little Fellows, 10-14 - Young People, 14 years - Hitler Youth)

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17
Q

How was unemployment reduced?

A

Industries controlled by gov. - increase in tariffs and gov. subsidies. Suppression of trade unions. Prices set by government. Increase in public works (eg autobahns). Massive rearmament program put into place.

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18
Q

What did German girls join?

A

League of German Maidens

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19
Q

What were girls taught in League of German Maidens?

A

Church, Children, Kitchen were most important thing for them to aspire to

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20
Q

What did the Gestapo do?

A

Eliminated opposition through use of terror

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21
Q

What were citizens encouraged and rewarded to do?

A

Spy on eachother

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22
Q

What did teachers have to do under Nazi rule?

A

Join Nazi party and teach party doctrines

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23
Q

What was Hitlers rules involving religion?

A

Wanted his own state religion. Priests who criticised the government were persecuted. Churches forced to teach Nazi ideologies.

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24
Q

What happened during the Great Depression??

A

Businesses, industries and banks collapsed and unemployment increased

25
Q

What did the middle class fear

A

Communism

26
Q

What did the Nazi party gain in 1930?

A

107 of 647 seats in parliament

27
Q

How many seats had the Nazi party gained by 1932?

A

230

28
Q

Why did Hitler have a strong hatred for Jews?

A

Blamed for loss of WW1, small wealthy minority, easily recognisable, historical hatred throughout Europe, scapegoats for Germany’s problems

29
Q

What were the initial laws and rules against Jews?

A

Banned from government jobs, could not practice law or medicine and shops were boycotted

30
Q

What happened in 1934?

A

‘Night of the Long Knives’

31
Q

What was the ‘Night of the Long Knives’?

A

When Ernst Rohm and leaders of SA were murdered by SS. SA disbanded and absorbed into SS

32
Q

What was the SA?

A

Sturm Abteilung (Stormtroopers) formed to protect Nazi party

33
Q

What was the SS?

A

SchutzStaffel - Hitlers personal body guard

34
Q

Who was Adolf Hitler?

A

German - Reich Chancellor and president then became Fuhrer (absolute dictator) and supreme commander of army

35
Q

Who was Hitler’s mistress?

A

Eva Braun

36
Q

Who was Rudolf Hess?

A

Hitler’s second in charge of Nazis

37
Q

Who was deputy leader after 1941 and leader of Luftwaffe?

A

Herman Goering

38
Q

What was the Luftwaffe?

A

air force

39
Q

Who lead the Gestapo and SS?

A

Heinrich Himmler

40
Q

Who was Joseph Goebbels?

A

Propaganda minister

41
Q

Who was Reinhard Heydrich?

A

Himmler’s deputy and leading figure in ‘Final Solution’

42
Q

Who organised and controlled the ‘Final Solution’?

A

Adolf Eichmann

43
Q

What year was conscription and rearmament program introduced?

A

1935

44
Q

What happened in 1936?

A

Rhineland was reoccupied, Spanish Civil war, ‘Rome -Berlin Axis’ signed

45
Q

What was the ‘Rome - Berlin Axis’?

A

anti-communist pact between Germany, Japan and later in 1937 Italy

46
Q

What was the Anschluss?

A

forced union between Germany and Austria in 1938

47
Q

When did Hitler make claims to Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia)?

A

1938 (permitted to annex it)

48
Q

When and what was Munich Agreement signed between Great Britain, France,Germany and Italy?

A

1938, stated Hitler could not make anymore territorial claims

49
Q

What did Hitler do in 1939?

A

Occupied rest of Czechoslovakia. signed Nazi-Soviet Pact (both countries vying more time before war)

50
Q

When did WW2 start?

A

September 1 1939 when Germany invaded Poland

51
Q

What were Jews seen as in Germany?

A

physically repulsive, morally outrages, parasites on society and racially inferior

52
Q

What was the ‘Final Solution’?

A

Endloesung, 1942, planned systematic program to deal with Jewish ‘problem’

53
Q

What were early methods of mass killing?

A

gas - carbon monoxide poisoning (exhaust fume)

54
Q

What was established instead of carbon monoxide killing?

A

death camps - gas chambers - cyanide gas used called Zyklon B

55
Q

What was the largest and most infamous death camp?

A

Auschwitz

56
Q

What was the process?

A

Jews rounded up in cities and transferred to ghettos, each day certain number were chosen and transported to death or labour camps, in death camps Jews were gassed in gas chambers and then their bodies were burnt, in labour camps Jews worked till they were too weak and then they were killed. others died of hunger, disease and inhumane treatment

57
Q

what was done in Auschwitz?

A

doctors used Jews for medical research and to practice medical and scientific experiments

58
Q

How many Jews were killed by the end of the war?

A

6 million

59
Q

what did Nazi’s do at the end of the war?

A

tried to remove all evidence

60
Q

How did Hitler offer hope to the middle class?

A

They feared communism as did he

Modern History (2 decks)

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