History Yr08 Sum1 Flashcards
1.1 Pain
James Simpson discovered chloroform which was an anaesthetic that reduced pain in surgery.
1.2 Infection
Joseph Lister discovered that carbolic acid could reduce infections such as gangrene in surgeries.
1.3 blood Loss
It wasn’t until 1902 that blood groups were discovered so people could still die from blood loss.
2.1 before
London and other cities experienced outbreaks of Cholera. 50,000 people died in 1848. People lived in back to back housing which allowed diseases to spread easily. Many towns didn’t have access to clean water or sewage systems
2.2 after
John Snow discovered that Cholera was caused by dirty water on Broad Street. The second Public health act made it compulsory for towns to improve public health. Model towns such as Bourneville were built by businessmen like Cadbury that were cleaner and healthier.
3.1 Peterloo Massacre
In 1819 around 60,000 peaceful protestors listened to speeches about reforms to parliament, including abolishing rotten boroughs and expanding the vote. The local cavalry was sent in and 600 people were injured and 15 killed.
3.2 Birmingham Political Union
A non-violent group with 80,000 members that sent a petition to parliament for giving more men the vote. They put pressure on the government to pass the Great Reform Act of 1832.
3.3 Chartists
A movement to get all men the right to vote as well as other political reforms. Handed petitions to the government, published newspapers and organised marches.
4.1 Suffragists Leader
Millicent Fawcett
4.2 Suffragists Name:
National Union for Women’s Suffrage Society (NUWSS)
4.3 Suffragists Tactics
Moderate group who used peaceful methods – public meetings, petitions, posters, leaflets, and newspapers. 1913 ‘Pilgrimage for Women’s suffrage march to London from towns like Bournemouth.
5.1 Suffragettes Leader
Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters Sylvia and Christabel
5.2 Suffragettes Name:
Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU)
5.3 Suffragettes Tactics
Motto was “Deeds not words”. Militant and used radical tactics - chained themselves to railings, disrupted public meetings, hunger strike and damaged public property.
6.1 Government
Passed the law that gave women the vote first in 1918 to women over the age of 30 and then in 1928 to all women over the age of 21.
6.2 War
Women worked in factories, on farms and many trained as nurses which showed women were just as capable as men.
6.3 Individuals
Emily Davison: A member of the WSPU who died while protesting at the 1913 Derby Edith Garrud: A member of the WSPU who taught their members martial arts to defend themselves Sophia Duleep Singh - An Indian princess who joined the WSPU and funded their campaign, she refused to pay taxes until she could vote
Keir Hardie- A labour MP who supported women’s suffrage and spoke about it in Parliament.
6.4 Communication
The WSPU used their first newspaper “Votes for women” to spread their message. It had 30,000 readers at its peak. This was followed up by their paper the Suffragette. The NUWSS newspaper was “the Common Cause”.
7.1 Rotten Boroughs application:
Old Sarum was a Rotten Borough as it had no population but landowners chose an MP.
7.1 Suffragettes application:
The suffragettes blew up letterboxes to protest their inability to vote.
7.1 What are Rotten Boroughs?
Areas that has more influence on electing MPs
7.1 Who were Suffragettes ?
Fought for women’s suffrage using radical methods
7.11 Emily Davison application:
Emily Davison died protesting at Epsom Derby horse race.
