History Y08 Spr1 Flashcards
1.1 Transatlantic slave economy
The trade between Europe, West Africa and the Americas.
1.2 John Hawkins
The first Englishman known to be involved in the trade in enslaved Africans starting in 1562.
1.3 sugar
Sugar was hard work to harvest, so Britain used enslaved Africans to harvest it.
1.4 the Dutch
The Dutch were using enslaved Africans to harvest the sugarcane. Britain soon did the same.
2.1 Dido Elizabeth Belle
The illegitimate daughter of a Navy officer. She grew up in Lord Mansfield’s household where she as accepted as his daughter.
2.2 James Emidy
He was originally enslaved, but once freed became a well-known violinist and teacher.
2.3 enslaved Africans in Britain
Those who were enslaved were brought across from the trade in Africa as enslaved attendants of sea captains, traders, military people and others who worked in the Empire. There is little information about these people.
2.4 Charles Sancho
He was a writer, composer, shopkeeper and abolitionist. He was the first person of African descent to vote in a British general election.
3.1 urban migration
As more jobs were created in factories, more people left their homes in rural areas to move into growing cities such as London, Manchester, and Sheffield.
3.2 population
In 1750 the population of Great Britain was 11 million. In 1850, this rose to 40 million with London reaching a population of 3 million.
3.3 transportation
In 1750 it took 12 days to get from London to Edinburgh. By 1850, after the invention of the train, the journey was reduced to 9 hours.
3.4 living conditions
As more people moved to the cities, living conditions became more cramped. Working Class people were living in back to back housing with 8 - 10 people sharing a room.
3.5 work
More people began to work in factories, where conditions were brutal.
4.1 Edward Jenner
Invented a vaccination to prevent smallpox.
4.2 Richard Arkwright
Invented a machine to produce cloth quicker, leading to the growth in Britain’s cloth industry.
4.3 Alexander Bell
Invented and patented the first telephone.
4.4 James Watts
Improved the steam engine design to make it more efficient.
4.5 Samuel Morse
Invented a new form of communication to be used over long distances known as Morse Code.
5.1 Renaissance
A cultural, artistic, political and economic “rebirth” (improvement)
Renaissance ideas had a huge impact on the development and work of artists.
5.2 Age of Faith
A period of time where much of life is based on religion
The Renaissance was known by some as an Age of Faith
5.3 Age of Reason
A period of time where there was an increase in questioning about life, art and religion.
Whilst being an Age of Faith, the Renaissance also moved to an Age of Reason
5.4 Cultural
Relating to ideas, customs and social behaviour.
There were many cultural changes in England between 1500-1700.
5.5 Political
Relating to government and the running of the country.
A political change of the period was in how the relationship between the monarchy and parliament
5.6 Economic
Relation to production, distribution, money, income or wealth.
Economic problems meant that there was not enough money to spend on the rebuilding plans for London.
5.7 Empire
One country that rules over a number of other countries/region.
The British Empire grew to become the largest empire the world has ever seen.
5.8 Colonies
Countries/regions under the control, or influence, of a more powerful country.
The early English colonies in America were set up in the early seventeenth century.
5.9 Imperialism
Thinking you are greater than others and having the right to rule over others.
British imperialism led to the British Empire expanding to control areas all over the world.
5.1 Nationalism
Thinking your country is better than others.
The growth of nationalism among Americans led to them resisting British rule and control.
5.11 Abolitionism
A movement to end slavery
There were many people who believed in abolitionism.
5.12 Enslaved
Made into a slave
Millions of people were enslaved in Africa and sold to European traders.
5.13 Urban migration
People moving from the countryside to cities.
The industrial period saw an increase in urban migration.
5.14 Industrialisation
The growth in factories across a country.
Industrialisation in Britain saw more people move to cities to work in factories.
5.15 Working Class
Poorer people in the UK. Many of the working class in Britain worked in factories.
5.16 Public health
The health of a population.
Before 1850, Britain had poor public health resulting in thousands of people dying.
5.17 Petition
A list of signatures supporting changing
The Chartists and Suffragists both organised petitions.
5.18 Suffrage
The right to vote
The NUWSS wanted female suffrage.
5.19 Enfranchisement
The giving of the right to vote
Women fought for their enfranchisement.
