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Term 4 > History (WWI) > Flashcards

History (WWI) Flashcards

1
Q

What were the main causes of World War II?

A

The Treaty of Versailles, the rise of fascism, the failure of the League of Nations, and the aggressive expansionist policies of Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, and Fascist Italy.

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2
Q

When did World War II begin and end?

A

From 1939 to 1945, starting with Germany’s invasion of Poland and ending with Japan’s surrender after the atomic bombings.

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3
Q

Who were the major Axis and Allied powers during the war?

A

The Axis powers (Germany, Japan, Italy)
The Allied powers (United States, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, and others)

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4
Q

What were some key battles or turning points in World War II?

A

The Battle of Stalingrad, D-Day (Normandy Invasion), Battle of Midway, and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

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5
Q

How did the war impact civilians and the home front?

A

rationing, bombing raids, and the Holocaust.

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6
Q

What role did the Holocaust play in World War II?

A

The Holocaust was the systematic genocide of six million Jews, as well as millions of other persecuted groups, by Nazi Germany. Concentration and extermination camps, such as Auschwitz, were used to carry out mass murder.

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7
Q

What were the outcomes of World War II?

A

The war ended with the defeat of the Axis powers. Europe, especially Germany and much of Eastern Europe, was devastated. The United Nations was established in 1945 to promote international cooperation and prevent future conflicts.

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8
Q

What was the Weimar Republic?

A

The democratic government established in Germany after World War I, from 1919 to 1933.

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9
Q

What led to the formation of the Weimar Republic?

A

The abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II and Germany’s defeat in World War I.

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10
Q

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

A

The peace treaty signed in 1919 that imposed harsh reparations on Germany after World War I.

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11
Q

How did the Treaty of Versailles affect the Weimar Republic?

A

It caused economic hardship, resentment, and political instability due to heavy reparations and territorial losses.

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12
Q

What was hyperinflation in Germany?

A

A period during 1921-1923 where the value of the German mark plummeted, causing prices to skyrocket.

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13
Q

What caused hyperinflation in Germany?

A

The government printed excessive amounts of money to pay war reparations and to deal with occupation of the Ruhr by France and Belgium.

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14
Q

What was the Ruhr Crisis of 1923?

A

France and Belgium occupied the Ruhr industrial region to force Germany to pay reparations, worsening the economic crisis.

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15
Q

How did hyperinflation impact German society?

A

It wiped out savings, led to unemployment, and caused widespread poverty, fueling political extremism.

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16
Q

What is an IMACOP

A

Information
Motive
Audience
Context
Origin
Perspective

17
Q

What are the social, economic, political impact that WWWI had on Germany?

A

Social:
poor economic conditions
skyrocketing unemployment
political instability
profound social change

Economic:
hyperinflation of the German currency (Reichsmark) by 1923
Lost industrial power
left in debt to pay the cost of the war
internal economic crisis

Political:
the emperor abdicated
Germany went from being a monarchy to a democratic republic
democratic and extremist fought for power

18
Q

What is the Weimar republic?

A

The Weimar Republic was Germany’s government from 1919 to 1933, established after World War I and ending with the rise of Nazi Germany. It faced economic hardship, political instability, and was marked by hyperinflation and intense social division.

19
Q

What is the Enabling Act?

A

The Enabling Act, passed in Germany in 1933, gave Adolf Hitler and his cabinet the power to enact laws without the Reichstag’s involvement. This act effectively dismantled democratic processes and allowed Hitler to establish a dictatorship.

20
Q

What was the Night of Long Knives?

A

It was the purge of the SA leadership and other political opponents from 30 June 1934 to 2 July 1934.

21
Q

What was the terror state?

A

The “terror state” refers to Nazi Germany’s use of fear, violence, and oppression to control the population and eliminate opposition. It relied on organizations like the Gestapo and the SS to enforce strict policies, suppress dissent, and maintain absolute control.

22
Q

What is the SA?

A

Paramilitary organsiation, behind the rise of the Nazi party

23
Q

What is the SS?

A

Superior para-military armed wing of the NSDAP
Hitlers bodyguards
Operated in concentration camps

24
Q

What was the Gestapo?

A

secret police force created in 1933
- Authorised to protect public safety and order by using methods the ranged from interrogation to sending people to concentration camp

25
Q

What was the SD?

A

Intelligence unit who spied on Germans and arrested, interrogated, and imprisoned those they considered enemies of the nation

26
Q

What was Hitlers Public Works Programme?

A

Hitler’s Public Works Programme was a series of large infrastructure projects in Nazi Germany aimed at reducing unemployment and stimulating the economy.

27
Q

What were some of Hitlers economic priorities?

A

-Drag Germany out of a recession
solve unemployment
- Make Germany self-sufficient
- Get rid of Jewish industrialists and the businesses to Aryans (Aryan takeover)
- transform the economy to focus on rearming and war

28
Q

What is Social Darwinism?

A

Social Darwinism is the application of Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection to human societies, suggesting that some groups are “naturally” superior.

29
Q

What is Mein Kampf?

A

Mein Kampf is a book written by Adolf Hitler in 1925, outlining his political ideology and future plans for Germany. It combines autobiography with antisemitic, nationalist, and militaristic ideas that later shaped Nazi policies

30
Q

What is the Volk?

A

The term Volk in Nazi ideology referred to the German people as a unified, racially pure community.

31
Q

What did the German master race look like?

A

The Nazis promoted the idea of a German “master race” as people with Aryan features—typically described as having fair skin, blond hair, and blue eyes.

32
Q

What is eugenics?

A

Eugenics is the belief in improving the genetic quality of a population by controlling breeding to increase “desirable” traits.

33
Q

What is propaganda?

A

Propaganda is a form of communication aimed at influencing the attitudes and opinions of people toward a particular cause or viewpoint.

33
Q

Why was propaganda used by the German Nazi party?

A

To promote a particular idea or cause. When ether it is discriminatory or completely bias the idea of propaganda is to exclude and

34
Q

Who is Joseph Goebbels?

A

He was the Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. He was responsible for controlling and shaping public opinion through propaganda to promote Nazi ideology and Adolf Hitler’s image

35
Q

What is Hitler Youth?

A

Hitler youth was organise in ages groups. With the 10-14 year old boys and girls being apart of the German young people of league of young girls. Additionally, 14-18 years boys are apart of the Hitler youth, and the girls are apart of the League for German Girls. In which by 1939 there was 7.3 million members of the Hitler youth.

36
Q

How did the children think of Hitler youth?

A

Mixed views

Yes
- young people had value in society
- “fun” activities like camping

No
- strict rules
- less room for branching out (fashion, hair, rebellion)

37
Q

How was the education system changed in Nazi Germany?

A

Education in the Third Reich served to indoctrinate students with the National Socialist world view. Nazi scholars and educators glorified Nordic and other “Aryan” races, while labeling Jews and other so-called inferior peoples as parasitic

38
Q

What are some good German phrases to remember?

A

Term 4 (4 decks)

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