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National 5 History (SY) > History Unit 2- The Cold War > Flashcards

History Unit 2- The Cold War Flashcards

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1
Q

Why were the USA and USSR called ‘superpowers’?

A

Because after WW2 they were left the strongest countries, both militarily and economically

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2
Q

Describe the politics of communism

A

There was only one political party- the Communist party. The people had no choice in the members of the government or any chance to change it

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3
Q

Describe the communist economy

A

There were no private businesses or industries, so no private profit. All industries were owned by the State to benefit everyone

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4
Q

Describe the communist belief

A

Everyone is equal

Encouraged communism in other counties and believed in world revolution

The media was censored

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5
Q

Describe the politics of capitalism

A

There were several parties and voters could chose and rearrange their government

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6
Q

Describe the capitalist economy

A

Most income was generated from privately owned industries and businesses

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7
Q

Describe the beliefs of capitalism

A

Some people will be wealthier than others

Spread influence to other counties to encourage trade and investment

Very little censorship of media

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8
Q

Describe US attitudes towards the Soviet Union at the start of the Cold War

A

Saw them as competition and threat

Didn’t agree with their beliefs

They regard them as rivals not as partners

Truman didn’t tell Stalin he had the atomic bomb- mistrust

HOWEVER at the end of WW2 the US and USSR had a good relationship (the US trusted the USSR with a share of Europe)

Both sides also got on well at Potsdam

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9
Q

Explain what the ‘Marriage of Convenience’ between the UK, USA and the USSR means

A

All powers shared a common enemy (Germany) and so they joined together. However once the enemy was defeated the marriage was ended and the USA and USSR began to battle for power

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10
Q

What is Bolshevism?

A

Communism in the Soviet Union

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11
Q

When did the Cold War start? And when did it end?

A

The Cold War took place between 1945 and 1989

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12
Q

The Berlin Wall- why was there a crisis in Berlin?

A

Berlin was in the heart of soviet controlled East Germany

The allies were allowed access the soviet section through rail, road and air however Stalin didn’t want the allies inside Berlin

The west wanted to speed up the economic growth of Germany however the Soviet Union wanted the opposite, they wanted to keep Germany weak

Stalin feared a strong democratic and reunited Germany

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13
Q

Explain the problems in East Germany before the Berlin Wall was built

A

During the years the wall was up (1949 to 1961) around 4 million East Germans fled to the West side through Berlin, the Soviet Union was keen to block this up

Soviets were angry as people like doctors and teachers were leaving too

Khrushchev was angry as the western side was doing better than his side of Germany

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14
Q

What were the results of the Berlin Wall?

A

Families were split
Travel restrictions were introduced
The economic crisis in east Germany slowly evaporated
The wall became the symbol of division in the world
It was a reminder to Berlin that their country was a tool of the superpowers

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15
Q

When did the Vietnam War take place?

A

From 1960- 1975

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16
Q

What is Bolshevism?

A

Communism in the Soviet Union

17
Q

When did the Cold War start? And when did it end?

A

The Cold War took place between 1945 and 1989

18
Q

The Berlin Wall- why was there a crisis in Berlin?

A

Berlin was in the heart of soviet controlled East Germany

The allies were allowed access the soviet section through rail, road and air however Stalin didn’t want the allies inside Berlin

The west wanted to speed up the economic growth of Germany however the Soviet Union wanted the opposite, they wanted to keep Germany weak

Stalin feared a strong democratic and reunited Germany

19
Q

Explain the problems in East Germany before the Berlin Wall was built

A

During the years the wall was up (1949 to 1961) around 4 million East Germans fled to the West side through Berlin, the Soviet Union was keen to block this up

Soviets were angry as people like doctors and teachers were leaving too

Khrushchev was angry as the western side was doing better than his side of Germany

20
Q

What were the results of the Berlin Wall?

A

Families were split
Travel restrictions were introduced
The economic crisis in east Germany slowly evaporated
The wall became the symbol of division in the world
It was a reminder to Berlin that their country was a tool of the superpowers

21
Q

When did the Vietnam War take place?

A

From 1960- 1975

22
Q

Describe the change in US policy towards Vietnam

A

From 1942 the US helped the Vietminh by training them and equipping them

When Vietnam announced independence in 1945 US policy began to change, the US sided with the Ho Chi Minh and the idea of independent Vietnam

However the French gained control over South Vietnam where the Vietminh were not so strong. With the establishment of the Chinese communist government the USA feared that communism would swear across Africa so they decided to support the French.

23
Q

Why did the Americans become involved in Vietnam?

A

The Truman Doctrine- promised to stop the spread of communism and to support those who resisted communism

Fear of the Domino Theory- the US became involved because they feared that communism would spread to all countries worldwide

Vietnam was also useful to the US for resources such as tin, rubber and petroleum

24
Q

Why was the USA defeated in Vietnam?

A

Opposition at home

Effective Guerrilla tactics of the Vietcong

Inexperience of the US troops

Support of the South Vietnamese was leaning towards the Vietcong

The North Vietnamese were fighting for a cause

25
Q

Khrushev’s reasons for placing missiles in Cuba

A

Claimed to be defending Cuba from the US- able to say the weapons were defensive and not offensive

Spread communism into Latin America

Restore the balance of power

It was close the USA- hit any major city

26
Q

Results of the Cuban Missile Crisis for the Superpower relations

A

Relationships improved- a hot line was set up

No war took place

Large reduction of pressure

Massive decrease in bombs

27
Q

Results of the Cuban Missile Crisis for Cuba

A

Castro stayed in power

Nuclear weapons were removed

28
Q

Results of the Cuban Missile Crisis on the Soviet Union

A

Khrushchev lost respect and power

He was heavily criticised by the Chinese

29
Q

Results of the Cuban mission crisis for The USA

A

Made Kennedy popular

Looked as though America had won

30
Q

Give 5 reasons which contributed to the end of the Cold War

A

Arms race- huge financial strain USSR couldn’t cope

Violation of human rights- US moral high ground

Economic pressure- especially on the USSR

Military might- soviet bloc created and maintained by force

31
Q

Gorbachev’s reforms- ‘Perestroika’

A

Businesses were allowed to compete with each other

Restructuring took place within the Communist party and the Soviet government

32
Q

Gorbachev’s reforms- Glasnost

A

Means openness and freedom of speech, people allowed to see what was going on outside their contrary and they were allowed to have a say in the way their country was run.

33
Q

Gobachev’s reforms- Uskoreniye

A

Mean accelerated reforms

34
Q

Steps taken to reduce tension between the US and the USSR

A

Salt 1 and Salt 2 agreements
(Limited production of weapons)

Helsinki agreement
(International issues- human rights ect)

Linkage

Meetings between leaders

Ping pong diplomacy

Space meet up

35
Q

Why did a Cold War start after 1945?

A

The Soviet Union created the Berlin blockade which stopped western goods being transported to Germany

The USA did not trust the USSR- Truman didn’t tell Stalin he had developed the atomic bomb

The Soviet Union failed to move out of Eastern European countries

National 5 History (SY) (3 decks)

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