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Theoterical Optics > HISTORY T.O > Flashcards

HISTORY T.O Flashcards

1
Q

● Also known as:
○ Emission theory
○ Particle theory
- States that light emitted by
luminous objects consist of tiny
particles of matter called
corpuscles.
● Corpuscles always travel in a
straight line.

A

ISAAC NEWTON

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2
Q

-Also known as:
○ Undulatory theory
-States that light emitted in a
series of waves that Spread out
from a light source in all
directions. These waves are not
affected by gravity.
- He disagreed with Newton and
said that light traveling from air
to water will decrease speed and
vice versa

A

CHRISTIAN HUYGENS

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3
Q

-Performed a decisive experiment
that seemed to demand a wave
interpretation, turning the side of
support to the wave theory of
light.

A

THOMAS YOUNG

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4
Q

Stated that light waves travel as
separate packets of energy
called quanta or photons.
● Merged the subjects of the
Corpuscular, Wave, and
Electromagnetic Theories
together.
● Later, it was proved that the
correct and most accurate theory
was the Quantum Theory.

A

MAX PLANCK

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5
Q

-performed
experimental support for the
wave theory

A

HEINRICH HERTZ

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6
Q

-published
results of his experiments and
analysis, which required that light
be a transverse wave. He
assumed that light waves in an
ether were necessarily
longitudinal, light rays can not
pass around obstacles

A

AUGUSTIN FRESNEL

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7
Q

predicted that there should be
light with even longer
wavelengths than infrared light
● Early discovery of radio wave
wavelengths than infrared light

A

JAMES CLERK MAXWELL

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8
Q
  • demonstrated the existence of
    the waves predicted by Maxwell
    by producing radio waves in his
    laboratory.
A

HEINRICH HERTZ

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9
Q

-number of wave cycles that pass
a point in one second, measured
in hertz (Hz)

A

FREQUENCY

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10
Q

-distance between two
consecutive peaks of the wave

A

WAVELENGTH

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11
Q

-It consists of a continuous signal
which is analogous to some other
quantity. For instance, the signal
voltage varies with the pressure
of the sound waves.

A

ANALOG SIGNAL

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12
Q

● It consists of a signal which only
consists of discrete values.

A

DIGITAL SIGNAL

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13
Q

-radio waves move easily, making it
the most common medium for
communication

A

RADIO

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14
Q
  • where there’s no air, radio
    waves can travel long distances without
    much interference
A

SPACE

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15
Q

-absorbs radio waves
more than air does, so special
low-frequency radio waves are used for
underwater communication

A

WATER

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16
Q

● These are long-range waves and
are reflected by the ionosphere

A

HIGH FREQUENCY RADIO WAVE

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17
Q

30kHz to 3MHz

A

LOW MEDIUM FREQUENCY

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18
Q

1.7 to 30 MHz

A

Short WAVE FREQUENCY

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19
Q

88 to 108 MHz

A

HIGHEST FREQUENCY RADIOWAVE

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20
Q

30 to 300GHz

A

EXTREMELY HIGH FREQUENCY

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21
Q

Is a range of frequencies, wavelengths
and photon energies covering

A

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

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22
Q

s a key phenomenon in radio
wave transmission where radio
waves bounce off objects or
surfaces, depending on their
shape and materia

A

REFRACTION

23
Q

radio waves change direction
when they pass through media
with different refractive indices,
altering their speed and bending
towards or away from the
boundary between the media.
This affects the propagation path
and signal strength.

A

REFLECTION

24
Q

When radio waves encounter
obstacles or openings
comparable in size to their
wavelength, they bend around
the obstacles and spread out. The
extent of diffraction depends on
the wavelength and the size of
the obstacle or opening, leading
to complex wave patterns.

A

DIFFRACTION

25
Q

g between
radio waves and infrared light on the
electromagnetic spectrum.

A

MICROWAVES

26
Q

refers to waves of electric
and magnetic fields.

A

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIOTION

27
Q

Theorized
electromagnetic radiation,

A

JAMES CLERK MAXWELL

28
Q

An American physicist and
electrical engineer who invented
the magnetron, a vacuum tube
that generates high-frequency
electromagnetic waves, including
microwaves

A

ALBERT WALLACE HULL

29
Q

an engineer at
Raytheon, accidentally discovered
that microwaves could heat food when
a chocolate bar melted in his pocket
during radar experiments

A

PERCY SPENCER

30
Q

Infrared waves are ____
than visible light

A

LONGER

31
Q

★ Infrared waves are ____
than radio waves

A

SHORTER

32
Q

★ _____ is invisible to the
human eye.

A

INFRARED LIGHT

33
Q

● who discovered infrared

A

FREDERICK HERSCHEL

34
Q

Shortest infrared wavelength
(nearest the visible spectrum), with
wavelengths 0.78 to about 2.5
micrometers (

A

NEAR INFRARED

35
Q

with wavelengths 2.5 to
about 50 micrometers

A

MIDDLE INFRARED

36
Q
  • refers to a
    specific range within the infrared
    spectrum of electromagnetic radiation
A

FAR INFRARED

37
Q

-Is the portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum that is
detectable by the human eye.

A

VISIBLE LIGHT

38
Q

-involves phenomena like
reflection, refraction, dispersion,
diffraction, and interference, which
describe how light interacts with
different materials and surfaces.

A

VISIBLE LIGHT

39
Q

Speed of visible light

A

299,792 km/per second

40
Q

between 400 to 750 terahertz

A

FREQUENCY OF VISIBLE LIGHT

41
Q

between 400 and 700 nanometers

A

WAVELENGTH oF VISIBLE LIGHT

42
Q
  • began a
    series of experiments with sunlight and
    prisms. He demonstrated that clear
    white light was composed of seven
    visible colors.in a room with closed
    shutters, he works with a small opening
    to isolate a single ray of sunlight. In the
    stream of light, he places a glass prism
A

ISAAC NEWTON

43
Q

A FRENCH CHEMIST AND PHYSICIST DISCOVERED GAMMA RADIATION IN 1900 WHILE STUDYING RADIATION EMITTED FROM RADIUM

A

PAUL VILLARD

44
Q

DISCOVERED ALPHA AND BETA RAYS

A

ERNEST RUTHERFORD

45
Q

Have a shortest wavelength and highest frequencies of all radiation

A

GAMMA RADIATION

46
Q

Are generated by nuclear explosion lightning and the less dramatic activity of radioactive decay

A

GAMMA WAVES

47
Q

Pass through the body and are captured on film or digital detectors to create an image

A

IMAGING PROCESS

48
Q

ELECTRONS ARE ACCELERATED AND THEN DECELERATED

A

X-RAY GENERATION

49
Q

FISRT X-RAY IMAGE

A

Hand of Wilhelm RONTGEN wife in December 22 1895

50
Q

HAVE MUCH SHORTER WAVELENGTHS

A

X-RAY

51
Q

REFERS TO THE REGION OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM BETWEEN VISIBLE LIGHT AND X-RAY WITH A WAVELENGTH FALLING BETWEEN 400 AND 10 NM.

A

ULTRAVIOLET

52
Q

ULTRAVIOLET FIRST DISCOVERED BY

A

JOHANN RITTER

53
Q
  • Extremely harmful and is almost completely absorbed by Earth’s atmosphere
    -The most harmful and almost completely absorbed by atmosphere
A

UV-C LIGHT

Theoterical Optics (2 decks)

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