History test on ( articles of confederation) Flashcards
weakness of the Articles
recite( many majority vote? no taxation?, couldn’t enforce laws/ punishments, high state taxes, no national court system)
strengths of the Articles
recite ( the power to declare war, appoint military officers, sign treaties, make alliances, appoint foreign ambassadors, and organize post office)
federalists’ beliefs/ arguments
Recite ( HINT strong central gov, states too independent, stronger executive, lead to the development of the Virginia plan)
anti-federalists beliefs/ arguments
recite( hint what abt individual rights?, threats to sivil liberty, sovereignty as a state
amendment 2 - right to bare arms being taken away
amendment 10- all powers go to the state, being taken away
abuse of power
how did some people advocate for the ratification?
think about Daniel Shay, an angry farmer, Armed bands forced the closing of several courts to prevent execution of foreclosures and debt processes, and Federalist papers in New York City newspapers.the Federalists published a series of 85 articles in New York City newspapers in which they advocated ratification of the Constitution.
What happened during the constitutional convention?
it was decided that the best solution to the young country’s problems was to set aside the Articles of Confederation and write a new constitution. to address the problems of the weak central government that existed under the Articles of Confederation. george Washington presided over the convention
How does the constituiton become ratified
called for special ratifying conventions in each state. Ratification by 9 of the 13 states enacted the new government. unanimity was not required. Two factions emerged during the debate over the Constitution: the Federalists, who supported adoption, and the Anti-Federalists, who opposed it.
What were the 3/5ths compromise?
Three-fifths compromise every 5 enslaved people would count as three people. determining the number of Representatives in Congress each state would have. It also outlined rules for apportioning federal direct taxes and the number of electoral votes for each state.
What was the trade compromise?
North wanted the government to have power to regulate trade, the South feared interference with slave trade and taxes so newly enslaved people from Africa could not be imported into the United States after 1808. basically not stopping slavery but stopping more people to be enslaved
What was the virgnia and new jersy plan?
Virginia’s plan was to vote based off population and the New Jersey plan suggested equal votes for all. Virginia was larger than New Jersey so they suggested to go based off of population.
what is electoral collge?
a body of people representing the states of the US. who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president. indirect election-voters cast ballots for president, the candidate who wins a majority in each state takes all the state’s electoral vote
What is an electoral vote?
a vote cast by a member of the electoral college.
What is one historical development that represents an accomplishment of the national gov under the Articles of Confederation?
Becoming free from Britain led to the development of the Articles of Confederation and, eventually, the ratification of the Constitution through unanimity,
What issues were discussed during the constitutional convention? what was addressed
If the Bill of Rights is a necessity, Alexander Hamilton says it’s not because the Bill of Rights is only needed between the subject and king; since they are independent, the Constitution promotes equality for the union
What came first, the Continental Congress or the Constitution?
continental congress
What happened during the Continental Congress?
Declared independence and drafted the articles
What was the Continental Army?
The United Colonies representing the thirteen colonies during the American Revolution
Who led the Federalist Party?
Alexander Hamilton
Who led the Democratic republican party?
Thomas Jefferson
Who usually supported the Federalist Party?
upper-class merchants, bankers,
Who usually supported the Democratic-Republican party?
Supported by Southerners, primarily lower/middle-class farmers,debtors
What was the compromise of 1790?
The nation’s capital was moved from NY to Washington DC ( middle of the country) if the southerners agreed to pay for the move
What was the point of establishing a national bank?
Issue paper money, handle government finances, and issue loans A strong, central bank could prevent abuses in banking.
Why did Jefferson not want a national bank?
He did not believe it was necessary; Anti-federalists, like Patrick Henry, believed that a strong central bank would have too much power and believed that they should follow the constitution that they fought for.
What are the biggest differences between Hamilton and Jefferson?
Jefferson = for the states, strict interpretation of the constitution, agrarian economy, believed people could self govern
Hamilton = people are horrible, strong central government needed for functioning, believed in a industrial economy which was urban centered, believed in government aid to business/ not regulation
What did both Hamilton and Jefferson believe in?
Both believed an aristocracy should rule
What factors contributed to political division in the years following the American Revolution?
James, callendar, factions, gerry mandering, manipulation, abusing power of speech, slander of politiclal parties
Why doesn’t the doesn’t the constitution mention political parties?
Didn’t think it was a problem, thought that everyone would agree on one idea
Why do factions form? ( opposing groups and ideas?)
Self-interests: not everyone can always agree on the same idea
describe the partisanship of early
politicians. Why was it so contentious?
Attacked the person not the idea/ abused the freedom of speech
How was the media used to reinforce
partisan divides between the
Democratic-Republicans and the
Federalists?
It only allows the people to see one side, leading to people siding with Democratic-Republicans or the Federalists.
What was the Gazette?
American newspaper, an official publication for the purpose of notifying the actions and decisions of the government.
What powers does the federal government have?
Which had the power to declare war, appoint military officers, sign treaties, make alliances, appoint foreign ambassadors, and manage relations with natives, settle disputes between states
What powers do the state governments have?
State governments had most of the power, could deny the federal government taxes,
Major people who were federalists?
Alexander Hamilton, george washington, John adams
Major people who were Antifederalists?
James madison, Thomas Jefferson, James monroe
Who agreed with Jefferson and why?
Southerners/ pioneers agreed with jefferson because he believed in states rights, believed the people could self govern/ believing that the government should not aid or regulate/ mess wwith businesses, Famers like jefferson ebcause he believed in a Agrarian economy, and was rural centered
What did democratic republicans believe in?
“People are basically good, capable of self-government, Localist, state’s rights: limited central government.
, strict interpretation of the constitution, Pro french, natural aristocracy
What did federalists believe in?
Nationalists, strong central government, a loose interpretation of the constitution, “All people are basically selfish thus the necessity of strong government.”, modified capitalism, government aid to business, favored wellborn aristocracy
Who agreed with Hamilton and why?
Northeast merchants, manufactures, financers, creditors, he aided their government aid to business but not regulation, believe din a industrial economy which was urban centered / good for merchants
What was the Conneticut compromise?
provided for a bicameral legislature, with representation in the House of Representatives according to population and in the Senate by equal numbers for each state.
How do you get full points on a SAQ
ANSWER CLAIM!! ANAYLZE UR EVIDENCE.
What is the Alien and Sedition Act
John adams restricted freedom of speech, It raised resedency reqs from 5-14, punished anyone who said or published anything malicious about the government, permitted arrest, deportation and imprisonment during wartime
Chinese Exclusion Act- 1882
The culmination of anti-Chinese racism + policies, including the head taxes. All chinese, even those born in the US or Canada, had to register with the government or risk fines, detainment, and deportation.
Who was James Callendar? What did he do?
Scottish immigrant who wrote for the National Gazette, known for his character attacks on George Washington and Alexander Hamilton, fleed for a crime.
What was Gerry meandering?
The practice of drawing district maps with the intent of creating an advantage for a political party.
How did the democratic republicans in the state legislature contribute to the Gerrymandering?
In the state legislature had redrawn districts to benefit their party, Gerry signed the redistricting bill into law.
Who opposed the alien sedition acts?
Democratic republicans
What was the election of 1800
The Democratic-Republican Party defeated the Federalist Party candidate, incumbentof thomas jefferson, but john adams was elected in 1796 to be president.
Who was Elbridge Gerry?
Created the act of gerrymandering and signed the redistricting bill into the law
What issues were raised with the articles of the confederation?
Congress commanded little respect and no support from state governments, anxious to maintain their power.
Who was John Locke?
Often credited as a founder of modern “liberal” thought, Locke pioneered the ideas of natural law, social contract, religious toleration, and the right to revolution that proved essential to both the American Revolution and the U.S. Constitution that followed.
