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history test middle ages Flashcards

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1
Q

middle ages

A

the period after the fall of Rome from 467 CE - 1400 CE

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2
Q

dark ages (time period)

A

467 CE- 800 CE

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3
Q

high middle ages

A

1100- 1400

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4
Q

later middle ages

A

800 CE- 1100 CE

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5
Q

what were conditions like after the fall of rome?

A

-level of learning dropped because the germanic groups that invaded weren’t literate
-disruption and warfare were everywhere
-people weren’t as unified as they once were

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6
Q

what does substience farming mean?

A

-to farm to get what you need to survive/ eat

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7
Q

how did people get what they needed to survie after the fall of rome?

A

-they had to make it themselves
-or they had to steal it

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8
Q

why did the barbarian tribes stream in to the once roman empire?

A

-the empire had fallen
-they already were attacking their
-it was easy to conquer because it was weak
-there was no full govt/ strong system

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9
Q

franks

A

-a germanic people that held power in gaul
-leader was clovis

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10
Q

clovis

A

-leader of the franks
-unified them in 511
-brought christianity to gaul
-when he died the franks territory was expanded to all of france

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11
Q

monasteries

A

-religious communities
-built by christians
-places where monks lived
-became some of the most educated communities
-they devoted their lives to God

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12
Q

why would people go to monasteries?

A

-it was a safe place for travelers to stay
-it provided medicene
-they were also libraries/ had educated people

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13
Q

why would people live near monasteries?

A

becauase they could offer protection if someone was going to attack that area

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14
Q

st. benedict

A

wrote a book of guidelines/ rules for monasteries in 520

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15
Q

what is an illuminated manuscript?

A

-a book with painting/ decorated cover
-monasterires had them

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16
Q

pope gregory I

A

-he became pope in 590
-he got the papacy involved in worldly power

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17
Q

secular

A

not religious

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18
Q

charles martel

A

-leader of the franks in 700
-extended their territory north, south, and east
-won battle of tours

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19
Q

battle of tours

A

-in 732 charles martel defeated muslim raiders from spain
-if the muslims would have won then western europe could have been part of the muslim empire

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20
Q

charlemagne

A

-built greatest empire since rome
-fought muslims and germanic people
-conquered new lands in the south and east
-helped spread christianity
-pope leo III crowned him emperor of the holy roman empire

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21
Q

what three groups invaded europe after charlemagne’s death?

A

-magyars
-vikings
-muslims

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22
Q

what were three ways charlemagne helped bring stability?

A

-expanded the empire
-strengthened government by limiting authority of nobles
-encouraged/spread religion

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23
Q

magyar

A

-struck from east to west
-invaders who would take people as slaves to sell

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24
Q

vikings

A

-scandanavian warriors
-raided
-used longboats

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25
Q

longboats

A

-boats that the vikings used
-were technologically advanced for their time
-helped them successfully raid

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26
Q

what caused europe to go into a system of single protection?

A

invaders

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27
Q

what is another word for single protection?

A

feudalism

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28
Q

lord

A

-vassal of the king
-granted land for loyalty in war

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29
Q

fief

A

a piece of land a lord would give to a knight

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30
Q

manor

A

-the lord’s estate
-had a manor house
-peasant housing
-common pastures
-fields
-bakehouse
-mill
-church

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31
Q

knight

A

warrior granted land/payment to fight for lord

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32
Q

serf

A

-another term for peasant
-not legally allowed to leave manor
-worked land/ did other chores
-recieved protection in return

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33
Q

tithe

A

10% church tax

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34
Q

who was alfred the great and why was he great?

A

-he was an anglo-saxon king
-he defended against the vikings

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35
Q

chivalry

A

-code knights followed
-three values:
-defend lord
-defend God
-defend lady

36
Q

what were the steps in becoming a knight?

A

-page (young boy)
-squire (servant to knight)
-knight

37
Q

tournaments

A

-places where knights could practice their battle skills without going into battle
-were ccompetitions

38
Q

troubadors

A

-traveling poet-musicians
-sang songs about love, famous people, and sorrow

39
Q

clergy

A

-all religious officials
-ex. priests, bishops, pope, cardinals

40
Q

sacraments

A

-religious ceremonies
-7
-helped you reach salvation

41
Q

canon law

A

-the law that the church made
-over everyone (even kings)

42
Q

showdown at canossa

A

-pope gregory IV banned lay invesiture
-this made henry IV mad
-he rebelled
-he was excommunicated
-he was eventually forgiven after he begged at canossa

43
Q

fredrick I

A

first person to call his empire the Holy Roman Empire
-angered the pope and italian merchants

44
Q

simony

A

-selling positions in the church
-mostly done by bishops

45
Q

gothic

A

-new style of architechture that came about
-tall ceilings
-flying buttresses
-pointed arches
-stained glass windows

46
Q

Pope Urban II

A

-pope that started the crusades or holy wars
-wanted to take back holy land

47
Q

crusade

A

-holy war
-fought by christians to gain control of the holy land
-started by pope urban II

48
Q

who invaded england in 1066?

A

willliam of normandy/ the conqueror

49
Q

saladin

A

-muslim leader
-fought against richard the lion hearted in the third crusade
-captured jerusalme in 1187
-eventually came to a truce with richard

50
Q

richard the lionhearted

A

-english king
-fought in the third crusade
-eventaully agreed to a truce with saladin in 1192
-died and his brother john became king (he was bad)

51
Q

reconquista

A

-the spanish effort to drive out all muslims from their land
-accomplished in 1492

52
Q

inquisition

A

-a court used by king ferdinadn and queen isabella to increase their power
-tried ot suppress heresy
-used torture to get people to confess
-tried to get everyone to convert to christianity

53
Q

three field system

A

-farmers could grow crops on 2/3 of their land each year

54
Q

guild

A

-an organization of people that did the same buisness
-ensured quality of work
-wanted to improve economic and social conditions for members

55
Q

commercial revolution

A

-the expansion of trade and buisness in towns

56
Q

vernacular

A

-the normal language of a country

57
Q

burgher

A

-the mayor or leader of a town

58
Q

thomas aquinas

A

-a scholar from the mid- 1200s
-believed that basic religous truths could be proved throug logic
-was part of the scholastics

59
Q

scholastics

A

-religious movement of education

60
Q

william the conqueror

A

-invaded england in 1066
-became king of england

61
Q

henry II

A

-william the conquerors descendant
-held land in normgandy and england
-king of england
-married eleanor of aquitane to gain land in france

62
Q

common law

A

-the law that the was formed by the rulings of englands royal judges

63
Q

magna carta

A

-the great charter
-signed by king john after forced by nobles
-gave them basic political rights

64
Q

parliament

A

-legislative group
-limited the power of the king

65
Q

phillip II

A

-one of the most powerful capetians
-tripled the lands under his control

66
Q

hugh capet

A

-an unistinguished duke from the middle of france
-chosen to succeed louis the sluggard because he had no heirs
-first of the capetian dynasty

67
Q

estates general

A

-france was divided into different estates
-first estate was the churhc leaders
-second estate was the great lords
-third estate was the commoners, wealthy landownders, and merchants

68
Q

avingon

A

-the city where the pope lived for 69 years after Clement V moved there from rome

69
Q

great schism

A

-a split in the church
-there was a french pope and a italian pope
-each claimed each other to be false

70
Q

john wycliffe

A

-preached the jesus was the true head of the chruch
-the pope was not

71
Q

jan hus

A

-a professor in bohemia
-taught that the authority of th ebible was higher than the pope’s
-excommunicated, seized by the church, tried as a heretic, burned at the stake

72
Q

bubonic plauge

A

-epidemic in the 1300s that wiped out about a third of the population in europe
-also his asia and north africa
-called the black death or black plauge

73
Q

hundred years war

A

-fight over the french throne
-fight between england and france
-lasted from 1337 to 1453
-french eventually won

74
Q

joan of arc

A

-french peasant girl
-had “visions from God”
-felt compelled to rescue france form ite english conquerors
-tried ot help charles VIII be king

75
Q

what did henry II do to help england?

A

-strengthened royal courts by sending judges to every part of england at least once a year
-expanded territory

76
Q

who was eleanor of aquitane?

A

-most famous woman
-marrie henry II

77
Q

who was more powerful: kings or popes? why?

A

-popes
-if kings didn’t do what they wanted they could excommunicate or ban them from practicing sacraments int heir lands

78
Q

what are four characterisitcs of romanesque?

A

-rounded arches
-thick walls
-little windows
-stone

79
Q

who was thomas becket and why is he considered a martyr?

A

-clergyman
-archbishop of canterbury
-opposed king henry II’s plan to put the church under his authority
-was killed by herny’s knights

80
Q

what kind of games were played in a tournament?

A

-jousting
-sword fighting

81
Q

high middle ages

A

1100- 1400

82
Q

was the first crusade a success? why?

A

yes, they gained control of the holy land

83
Q

what are three results of the crusades?

A

-muslims and chrsitians came to live together
-trade
-truce

84
Q

what is a dauphin?

A

eldest son of the king of France

85
Q

how did the black plauge destroy the social system?

A

-people didn’t know whether to stay and take care of them or go and save themselves

history (2 decks)

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