History Test (First Five Presidents)

Question 1

What are the times Washington fought and why did this help him become a leader?

Answer 1

Washington fought in the French and Indian War from 1754-1763., the American Revolution from 1775-1781, put down Shay’s Rebellion in 1787, and the Constitution was ratified in 1789. He was also a member of the Constitutional Congress. These acts helped Washington become a leader or President because he was a war hero and was trusted.

Question 2

Where is President Washington from? What is the state considered to be in?

Answer 2

President Washington is from Mount Vernon, Virginia. Which is considered to be in the South.

Question 3

How long was President Washington’s term and why? How old was he?

Answer 3

President Washington’s term was 2 years from 1789-1797 because he wanted to set the Precedent that a President should only run two times, otherwise the President would be like a king. Washington started when he was 57.

Question 4

What is President Washington called and why?

Answer 4

President Washington is called the “Father of the Country” because he was the first President and he set the Precedent of running for two terms only.

Question 5

What is a precedent and example of who set one?

Answer 5

A precedent is the start of a tradition and is setting an example for the future. Ex, George Washington.

Question 6

According to the Constitution, how was it decided who would be the vice president?

Answer 6

According to the Constitution, it was decided that the person with the second-highest number of votes or the runner up would be the vice president.

Question 7

Who was Washington’s Vice President and where was he from? What is the state considered to be in?

Answer 7

John Adams was the Vice President and he was from Massachusetts.- Which is considered to be the North.

Question 8

Plantation

Answer 8

Is much larger than a farm and is 100’s of football fields. (Only grows crops, not many animals.)

Question 9

How many slaves did Washington have on his plantation? What did the plantation grow?

Answer 9

Washington owned a plantation with about 317 slaves. The plantation grew wheat, corn, and other grains.

Question 10

What was Washington’s argument about having a plantation with slaves? Where would you buy slaves? How long did the U.S have slaves?

Answer 10

Washington’s argument about having a plantation with slaves was that the plantation is too much land, to pay for people to harvest it and that would be too much money, so that is why they wanted to buy slaves/human beings for “Free Labor”. You would buy slaves at a slave auction- you would bid on them. From 1619-1865- end of Civil War, there were slaves.

Question 11

What did Washington do with his slaves after his Presidency? Who were the rest owned by? Why couldn’t Martha release the slaves?

Answer 11

After Washington’s Presidency in 1799, Washington released about 164 of his slaves, but the rest were owned by Washington’s wife, Martha. She couldn’t release the slaves because they were technically “owned” by her first husband, who had died, and by law she had no power. Women could not own property and a Dead Man had more power than an alive woman. (Martha could control the slaves, but could not release them.)

Question 12

Where was Washington inaugurated and why? Capital’s over the years.

Answer 12

Washington was sworn in at Federal Hall NY because it was the Capital at the time and the Philadelphia Capital took time to build.(Federal Hall to Philadelphia to Washington D.C.)

Question 13

Who actually elected President Washington (and Vice) for his first (and second) terms? Who was the electoral college composed of?

Answer 13

President Washington was actually elected by the electoral college or Congress who would meet and elect a president, unlike our modern day where the President is voted in by the entire country. They were both only elected by the electoral college because it was too hard to organize an election with how young the countries’ government was. The Electoral College was mostly comprised of the men who were at the Constitutional Convention.

Question 14

What did Washington want to avoid and why?

Answer 14

Washington wanted to avoid political parties because he felt they fragmented or split up the country. Also, the Constitution did not mention political parties.

Question 15

Who was the first “First lady”?

Answer 15

Martha Washington was the first “First lady”.

Question 16

Explain: Second gentleman and second lady.

Answer 16

The Vice President’s husband or wife!

Question 17

Why was it unusual that Martha Washington knew how to read and write?

Answer 17

It was unusual that Martha Washington knew how to read and write because typically only rich (white) men knew how to read and write.

Question 18

Why can’t every Friday, the White House (in NY) was open to anyone who wanted to come and talk to the president or the first lady happen today?

Answer 18

This can’t happen today because there would be too many people wanting to see the President and people do not always do things of the good of the whole anymore. Whereas, back then people respected the country and wanted to be strong. (Everything for the good of the whole)

Question 19

Explain: Martha had to entertain diplomats from other countries.

Answer 19

Martha had to entertain or meet with a representative from another country, doesn’t have to be the leader.

Question 20

What is the purpose of the Presidential Cabinet?

Answer 20

The purpose of the Presidential Cabinet is to advise the president, but the President does not have to listen. (Help the President)

Question 21

Washington appointed a cabinet and Supreme Court members. What articles?

Answer 21

Articles 2 and 3 because the Cabinet is Executive and Supreme Court members are the Judicial Branch.

Question 22

Who was the Secretary of State- diplomacy? What is that job?

Answer 22

The Secretary of State was Thomas Jefferson and his job is to represent the President in meetings with other countries. (Given instructions from the President and HAVE to listen to them) Have limited power- power controlled by the President.

Question 23

Who was the Head of the Treasury and explain the job?

Answer 23

The Head of Treasury was Alexander Hamilton and the job is about $$ and the Economic Plan, National Bank, and finances.

Question 24

Who was the Department of War and explain that job?

Answer 24

Henry Knox was the Department of War and that job is our military. (Advises the President)

Question 25

Who was the Attorney General and explain that job? Why would he investigate?

Answer 25

The Attorney General was Edmund Randolph and his job is to protect the Constitution and investigates high crimes of government officials if it disrespects the Constitution. (Now is the head of FBI) Can be secret. The Attorney General investigates things that effect the entire country. IMPORTANT!!

Question 26

Why can't the Attorney General be besties with the President?

Answer 26

The Attorney General be besties with the President because if they are there can be biased behavior and bribing or changing grades.

Question 27

What is an example of what the Attorney General would investigate?

Answer 27

For example, fetinal drugs making pain disappear and making people addicted and die. (Damage has already been done)

Question 28

Who was appointed Chief Justice and explain their job?

Answer 28

John Jay was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and appointed 5 associate members, but all have the same power. Today, there are 9 members, so there are no ties.

Question 29

What was the first act Congress passed?

Answer 29

The Judiciary Act of 1789 (ARTICLE III WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH AND WAS WEAK)

Question 30

The states maintained their own courts, but what could overturn their decisions?

Answer 30

A federal court could overturn their decisions. Highest Court of the land- Supreme Court located in Washington D.C.- were waiting around for people to start cases.

Question 31

Explain: According to the Federal Judiciary Act of 1789, the Supreme Court is the final court of appeals.

Answer 31

The Supreme Court is the highest court of appeals that reconsiders and is the final federal court you can go to. Final decision for the country.

Question 32

The first Supreme Court had how many members? When did it change to 9?

Answer 32

The first Supreme Court had 6 members and in 1869 it went to 9.

Question 33

Who was the Chief Justice?

Answer 33

Chief Justice was John Jay, but he did not have more power than the other 5.

Question 34

What was the last part of the Judiciary Act of 1789?

Answer 34

The Supreme Court's original role was not exactly clear. It a few years, its role becomes more defined.

Question 35

What were the 4 parts of Hamilton's Economic Plan?

Answer 35

All debts incurred from the American Revolution and before would be paid, tariffs would be put on all imported goods, a national bank would be established, and tax whiskey. (Hamilton played tennis with Bill Whiskey.)

Question 36

Why did the Southern states agree to tariffs?

Answer 36

The Southern states eventually agreed to the tariffs because of the Dinner Compromise: Jefferson (Southerner) and Hamilton (Northerner) met and agreed that the capital would be moved from NY (1789-1790) to Philadelphia (1790-1800) to the South (present-day Washington DC) As a result of the compromise, the Southern states in Congress joined with the Northern states to approve the tariffs! It was prestigious to have the (capital in the South)!

Question 37

What were the 3 outcomes of the Dinner Compromise?

Answer 37

1. James Madison wrote the Bill of Rights to ensure the government could not take advantage of an individual. 2. The Capital would be located in Washington D.C. (Cut out between Maryland and Virginia. 3. Alexander Hamilton wrote the Economic Plan. Also, National Bank.

Question 38

Why does fighting a war put the United States in debt?

Answer 38

Fighting a war puts the United States in debt because Congress has to pay for the supplies and weapons for the military. If the war continues for many years, the U.S can run out of the money for their war budget. (Uniforms, ships, pays soldiers)

Question 39

Why did Hamilton feel it was important to pay off our war debts to other countries?

Answer 39

Hamilton felt it was important to pay off our war debts to other countries, so the new nation would begin to stand on its own and to continue trade. (Respected by other countries to build the economy) Shows how respectful they are.

Question 40

Why did we owe Great Britain money?

Answer 40

We owed Great Britain money because we bought goods from merchants (debts).

Question 41

How did the U.S pay their debts?

Answer 41

The money owed was divided between the 13 states.

Question 42

Why did the South have an easier time paying their war debts?

Answer 42

The South had an easier time paying their war debts because the South did not have to pay their workers due to having slaves. (What the North said) "Factory paying, Factory not-paying".

Question 43

Why did the North feel that the South should have to pay more than the North?

Answer 43

North feel that the South should have to pay more than the North because the South did not have to pay their workers, had slaves, and got "free money".

Question 44

Did the North benefit from the South enslaving people? If so, why?

Answer 44

The North benefitted from the South enslaving people because prices of goods like cotton were cheaper. (Also, to Europe)

Question 45

What is the anger between the South and North called?

Answer 45

The anger between the South and the North is called sectionalism. Which means you are more loyal to your part of the country and that leads to the Civil War. (Slavery- no or yes)

Question 46

Trade War

Answer 46

We raise our tariffs, you raise yours.

Question 47

What is a tariff?

Answer 47

A tariff is an external tax (goods coming into the U.S) on imported goods that is imposed by the government.

Question 48

How does imposing tariffs help a country?

Answer 48

Imposing tariffs helps a country because raising tariffs generates revenue and can also make imported goods more expensive, so people are encouraged to buy American goods. (The government puts tariffs- get the money)

Question 49

Explain: The North had a diversified ecomony.

Answer 49

The North had small farms. fishing, lumber, industry, ports, small weaving factories (by hand). There was so much to sell and trade that the Northern economy could handle the tariffs. (If one thing went down the economy would be ok/could handle it) Is better to have.

Question 50

Explain: The South had an agricultural ecomony.

Answer 50

The South’s economy was based on agriculture. They had large farms called plantations (tobacco, cotton, indigo). The products were sold in the US and to other countries. (If one thing went down, their entire economy would go down.)

Question 51

Why was the South opposed to tariffs?

Answer 51

The South was opposed to tariffs because they realized that if we put a tax on imported goods, other countries would tax our goods. This would result in the US goods becoming more expensive, and other countries would not buy them. The farmers feared that they would lose money.

Question 52

What did the representatives from the Southern states (H.O.R + Senate) say about the tariff tax?

Answer 52

The representatives from the Southern states (H.O.R & Senate) said that they would not vote to pass the tariff tax in Congress.

Question 53

Who were our biggest trading partner's then vs. now?

Answer 53

Then: Britain, France, and Spain. (Up until early 1900's) Now: Canada, Mexico, and China. (Starting in 1950's)

Question 54

Why would the national bank be able to print money?

Answer 54

The National Bank would be able to print money because we have plenty of wood.

Question 55

What is the purpose of a national bank? Now what do we call it?

Answer 55

The purpose of a national bank is to oversee all the banks, not to control them, but to make sure the state banks are acting legally so they are a safe place for people to put their money. Now, call it the Federal Reserve.

Question 56

The National Bank would keep the money collected in taxes from who?

Answer 56

The National Bank would keep the money collected in taxes from the states and tariffs (run the country, military, infrastructure, and pay government officials)

Question 57

Why could the states decide how much money to give the federal government?

Answer 57

The states could decide how much money to give the federal government because the federal income tax or the 16th Amendment had not been passed until 1913.

Question 58

What could the National Bank also do?

Answer 58

Also, the National Bank could make loans to businesses and other countries governments.

Question 59

Who did Hamilton negotiate with to get the national bank? What did this person get in exchange?

Answer 59

Hamilton negotiated with Thomas Jefferson to get the national bank and in exchange, Jefferson got the Capital to be cut out of Maryland and Virginia in the District of Columbia, now known to be Washington D.C. (Also, Hamilton negotiated with James Madison and James Madison got to write the Bill of Rights.) DINNER COMPROMISE!

Question 60

What was the first tax on a domestic product?

Answer 60

The tax whiskey which is an internal tax (within the country).

Question 61

Do we still have internal taxes? Ex.

Answer 61

Yes, we do! For skies, chips, airplane tickets, etc.

Question 62

Who made the whiskey?

Answer 62

Farmers in Western Pennsylvania grew corn, rye, barley, and wheat used to make whiskey.

Question 63

Why did farmer's like whiskey? 2 reasons.

Answer 63

The farmer's liked the whiskey because it was easier to transport whiskey (liquid) than grain to the market and the farmers could also charge more for whiskey.

Question 64

Who were some of the farmers?

Answer 64

Some of the farmers were former soldiers in the American Revolution.

Question 65

What did the former soldiers from the American Revolution think about the Whiskey Tax? Why was it not?

Answer 65

The former soldiers from the American Revolution think that the Whiskey Tax was taxation without representation, but that is not the case because all tax issues must start in the H.O.R. Also, Congress had approved this tax- Republicanism (Choose/Elect people to represent us in government)

Question 66

What happened to the tax collectors? Why is this similar to the American Revolution?

Answer 66

The tax collectors were tarred and feathered, which is similar to the American Revolution, British tax collectors.

Question 67

What was the response to the Whiskey Tax?

Answer 67

The response to the Whiskey Tax was the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794 where the farmers in Western Pennsylvania attacked the tax collectors.

Question 68

What did Washington do when he heard about the rebellion?

Answer 68

Washington (Commander in Chief) personally led the army (12,000) to stop the rebellion and the farmers surrendered right away.

Question 69

How did the Whiskey Rebellion prove that the Constitution was strong?

Answer 69

********* 1. A leader 2. Military 3. Paid military.

Question 70

How was Shay's Rebellion different from the Whiskey Rebellion?

Answer 70

The Whiskey Rebellion proved that the Constitution was strong because when Washington personally led an army to stop the rebellion and the farmers surrendered, he proved that the U.S government was powerful and would use force if its people did not follow the law. (Also, shows the military would be loyal to the President or Commander in Chief). However, Shay's Rebellion proved that the Articles of Confederation were weak.

Question 71

What was George Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality? What kind of policy was it? Explain all!!

Answer 71

George Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality states that the Americans would not help or fight either side (France or Britain), and foreign warships could not use American ports- no war supplies. . (Madison argued that only Congress had authority over foreign affairs, Jefferson resigned as secretary of state and his group became known as the Democratic Republicans, Jefferson was so angry that he would eventually run for President, and Hamilton agreed with George Washington- in order to build our economy, stay neutral) COULD TRADE WITH ANYONE, FEARED IF THEY WENT TO WAR WE WOULD HAVE TO. It was foreign policy- out of the country.

Question 72

Why did President Washington feel that being neutral was important?

Answer 72

President Washington felt that being neutral was important during the war between Britain and France because it would split the country up due to the Federalists having strong ties with Britain and not France. Anti-federalists wanted to have strong ties with France and not Britain.

Question 73

What and when was the French Revolution? Who?

Answer 73

The French Revolution started in 1789 and ended in 1799 and was where the french people wanted to overthrow the tyrannical monarchy of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. (The American's revolting from Britain influenced France)

Question 74

What kind of war is the French Revolution and why?

Answer 74

The French Revolution was a civil war because it was within the country.

Question 75

Who sympathized with the citizens of France and why?

Answer 75

American citizens sympathized with the citizens of France because the citizens of France were just like the old patriots.

Question 76

What other nations did war break out with France and why?

Answer 76

War broke out between France (King Louis XVI) and other nations, including Great Britain (King George III) because Britain thought it was the perfect time to attack Great Britain when they were already in war.

Question 77

Why did Jefferson advise President Washington to help the French people overthrow King Louis XVI?

Answer 77

Jefferson advised President Washington to help the French people overthrow King Louis XVI because Jefferson, a francophile, had been a diplomat in France during the American Revolution and believed we should not abandon our ally, France, due to its citizens fighting for liberty. (Helped us in the American Revolution, so we should help them and were similar to us)

Question 78

What was Hamilton’s opinion about helping the French?

Answer 78

Hamilton’s opinion about helping the French was that we should abandon our ally France and felt that it was more important to support and protect relationships with Great Britain because Britain is the U.S’ biggest trading partner. (Wouldn’t help the economy.)

Question 79

Why was Hamilton’s opinion reflective of his Federalist views?

Answer 79

Hamilton’s opinion was reflective of his Federalists views because Federalists wanted to have strong ties with Britain (our biggest trading partner) and not France. (All about the country making money.)

Question 80

Explain the rebellion of Hati people, who they are, and what they became.

Answer 80

Haiti was a French colony. The slaves of Haiti took advantage of the chaos of leadership in France and rebelled against the French overseers (people who represented the French government) in Haiti. They overthrew the French leadership in Haiti and became the first country in the Western hemisphere ruled by Blacks (BIG DEAL!!!).- Haiti was influenced by Americans to rebel and to no longer be run by France!

Question 81

What happened to the French government in 1793?

Answer 81

1793: The French King Louis XVI & Queen Marie Antoinette were beheaded (dead)→ turmoil in France→ the people were looking to the US to help settle things down.

Question 82

How long did France's Civil war last and who took power? What war was still happening?

Answer 82

War continued between Great Britain and France. France’s civil war lasted until Napoleon Bonaparte took power in 1799.- France's civil war lasted for 6 years and France was without leadership for 6 years.

Question 83

Why did we stop paying debts to France from 1793-1799?

Answer 83

We stopped paying debts to France from 1793-1799 because they did not have a leader, so we would be wasting our money!

Question 84

Why did the British impress the U.S sailors?

Answer 84

Since the US would not commit any soldiers to help the British, the British started to kidnap American sailors and forced them to fight the French.

Question 85

Impressment

Answer 85

Forcing soldiers to fight.

Question 86

Why was President Washington upset about the British impressing US sailors to fight the French?

Answer 86

President Washington was upset about the British impressing U.S sailors to fight the French because the “Impressment of Seamen” pushed the U.S toward another war with Great Britain. Also, this completely disregarded Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality because Washington did not want the Americans to participate in the war between Great Britain and France.

Question 87

Who did Washington send to England to discuss the impressment of sailors? Why?

Answer 87

Washington sent Chief Justice John Jay to England to discuss the impressment of sailors because Thomas Jefferson had resigned/quit due to the U.S not helping the French in their revolution and John Jay had plenty of time because there were no cases yet.

Question 88

When was Jay's Treaty approved and what was the goal?

Answer 88

Jay's Treaty was approved in 1795 and the goal of the treaty was to stop the impressments. (No war with GB)

Question 89

What were the parts of Jay's Treaty that the British promised?

Answer 89

1. There would be improved trade between the US and GB. 2. Britain would not interfere with US trade in the British West Indies- getting sugar (Caribbean) 3. The British would withdraw the British troops from the Northwest Territory (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin & a small portion of Minnesota). Thirty- two years before, the British had helped the Americans force the Native Americans to give up their land in the Northwest Territories, but the British troops never left. -32 years later, no longer British troops. 4. The British would CONSIDER no longer impress American sailors or ships. (Very angry and pretty bad)

Question 90

Why was Jefferson opposed to Jay's Treaty? Eventually what happened?

Answer 90

Jefferson (Democratic- Republicans) was completely opposed to Jay’s Treaty because: 1. It increased our economic ties to Great Britain and further favored big business. 2. Jefferson was also upset that we were negotiating with King George III (Said if you rebel against me, you will come back to me)!! King George died in 1820 Eventually, the treaty was approved by the Senate. (Article 1)

Question 91

What are all the results from Jay's Treaty?

Answer 91

1. Democratic-Republican party formed, and they “burned Jay in effigy. “ - Handmade dolls- hating Jay for his horrible negotiation skills. 2. The Democratic-Republicans support small business and farmers. Jefferson and Madison supported this party. 3. It was eventually called the Republican party, but not the same as today’s party.- Strong political parties. 4. Great Britain became our biggest trading partner. 5. Great Britain did NOT pull its troops out of the NW territories. 6. Great Britain did NOT stop impressing American sailors.

Question 92

When did Washington resign and why?

Answer 92

Washington resigned in 1796, after 2 terms because he wanted to set the Precedent for other Presidents to not be like kings and have a maximum of two terms and wanted to teach the American people how to say goodbye to a President. (Seamless until Trump t Biden)

Question 93

What did Washington state in his farewell address?

Answer 93

1. He warned the country to avoid permanent alliances. -He saw how alliances with either GB or France were causing a split in the US 2. He also warned against political parties (Federalist and Democratic-Republicans)

Question 94

What is an ally?

Answer 94

An ally is having an alliance with a foreign country. (Friend)

Question 95

Why would Washington be fearful of the U.S. establishing a permanent alliance?

Answer 95

Washington would be fearful of the U.S establishing a permanent alliance with either Britain or France because it could create a split in the U.S due to Federalists and Anti-federalists (Democratic- Republicans).

Question 96

Why would Washington be upset with our government today?

Answer 96

Washington would be upset with our government today because we have permanent alliances and have political parties.

Question 97

What can you conclude from Washington's Farewell address?

Answer 97

I can conclude from Washington's Farewell address that things change!!

Question 98

What are all the precedents Washington set?

Answer 98

1. A maximum of two- terms ( 8 years) was not in the Constitution. Washington felt that beyond that could be “king-like.” New ideas and people were necessary. 2. Negotiate with countries before waging war. -Last thing you want to do is go to war. 3. Ask cabinet members for their opinions, but ultimately the decision and responsibility for the outcome lies with the president. 4. Recognize that a healthy (strong) economy helps to keep domestic peace.

Question 99

Explain: Recognize that a healthy (strong) economy helps to keep domestic peace.

Answer 99

We have to have a calm economy in order to have stability. (A sense of fairness) We need a variety of classes, like middle (most frequent), rich, poor in order to have stability that neutralizes everyone. If there is just dictators and then the poor people will get really angry and rebellion will occur.

Question 100

Who is a Federalist and what is the political party about? Acronym

Answer 100

Federalist: Hamilton Strong central (federal gov’t) A loose interpretation of the Constitution Reliance on trade, especially with Great Britain Businessmen and merchants PLANS: Property Owners, Loose interpretation, Army, National Bank, Strong central government.

Question 101

Who are some Anti-federalists and what are they about? Acronym

Answer 101

Democratic-Republicans: Jefferson, Madison (late just Republicans) States’ Rights A strict interpretation of the Constitution Sympathy for the French citizens desire to end their monarchy Rely on agriculture and farming SAFEC- States Rights, Agriculture, France, Educated and the Common Man.

Question 102

What were the Federalists and Democratic- Republicans' opinion on the Whiskey Rebellion?

Answer 102

The Federalists and Democratic- Republicans' opinion on the Whiskey Rebellion was that the Federalists/Hamilton/Business was a domestic tax!! Whereas, the Democratic Republicans said do not tax the farmers.

Question 103

What were the Federalists and Democratic- Republicans' opinion on the Neutrality on French Revolution?

Answer 103

The Federalists and Democratic- Republicans' opinion on the Neutrality on French Revolution was that the Federalists/Hamilton/Business said to not get involved. However, the Democratic Republicans: Jefferson, Madison, and Farmers said to help the French.

Question 104

What were the Federalists and Democratic- Republicans' opinion on Jay's Treaty?

Answer 104

The Federalists and Democratic- Republicans' opinion on Jay's Treaty is that the Federalists/Hamilton/Business wanted to increase trade with Great Britain. Whereas, the Democratic Republicans: Jefferson, Madison, and Farmers said don't negotiate with King George III and don't depend on GB.

Question 105

Confirmation Bias

Answer 105

Finding someone that will agree with you or your point of view. (Politically or in daily life)