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History #5 Constitution > History Test (Anti-Federalists, Federalists, Federalists Papers, Federal Farmer, and the Bill of Rights) > Flashcards

History Test (Anti-Federalists, Federalists, Federalists Papers, Federal Farmer, and the Bill of Rights) Flashcards

1
Q

What did the Federalists and the Anti-federalists both support?

A

The Federalists and anti-federalists supported writing a new document (The Constitution) and not to continue with the Articles of Confederation.

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2
Q

What did the Federalists and Anti-federalists develop into?

A

They developed into political parties.

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3
Q

What is the difference between what the Federalists supported vs. what the Anti-federalists supported?

A

The Federalists supported the newly written Constitution and wanted it to be ratified, AS IT WAS. (Without the inclusion of the Bill of Rights because the Federalists thought it was not necessary due to the Constitution being strong enough.) The Anti-federalists supported the Bill of Rights and that is what they wanted to add before the Constitution was ratified.

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4
Q

What is the difference between the Bill of Rights and the Constitution?

A

The difference is that the Bill of Rights is about individual rights or rights that citizens have that the government can’t take away. However, the Constitution is a framework of government and states the rules of people in power like Senators, H.O.R members, the President, etc.

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5
Q

What kind of interpretation of government did the Federalists want?

A

The Federalists wanted a loose interpretation of government because the upper class would figure it out /or determines the outcome after the Constitution was ratified.

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6
Q

Name people who were Federalists and about them.

A
  1. Alexander Hamilton- Wanted money and to trade with G.B.
  2. John Jay- from NY.
  3. James Madison- Wrote the Preamble and the U.S Constitution, but ended up changing his mind and ended up writing the Bill of Rights. (Ironic)
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7
Q

What did the Federalists write and why? Who was afriad of this?

A

The Federalists (Hamilton, Madison, Jay) wrote 85 essays called the Federalists Papers to support a strong federal (central) government and to promote the ratification of the U.S Constitution. The first 77 of these essays were published in New York newspapers between October 1787 and April 1788. (The colonists were afraid of a strong central government that was like G.B and would be oppressive)

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8
Q

Who were the Federalists?

A

Owned large farms, businessmen, wealthy merchants, bankers, lawyers, and manufacturers.

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9
Q

What polices did the Federalists want?

A

They wanted policies favorable to trade, business, and finance.- Which would benefit the wealthy.

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10
Q

Who did the Federalists want to be in charge of the government? What is that and why?

A

The Federalists wanted the government to be controlled by wealthy and educated citizens. This is a power construct because it was made up by rich white men who benefitted from the government and not average citizens.

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11
Q

What kind of bank did the Federalists support? Who supported it?

A

The Federalists supported a National Bank, oversees all banks that Hamilton supported the national bank to make sure banks were acting legally.

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12
Q

What kind of tax did the Federalists want?

A

The Federalists wanted tariffs, a tax on imported goods.

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13
Q

Who did the Federalists want to have strong ties with and why? Who not?

A

The Federalists wanted to have strong ties with Great Britain because they were our #1 trading partner, but not with France.

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14
Q

What kind of interpretation of government did the Anti-federalists want?

A

The Anti-federalists wanted a strict interpretation of government and rules, so the government was not based off of wealth. They did not support strong centralized government because they feared the federal government would become too powerful.

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15
Q

Name people who were Anti-federalists and about them.

A
  1. Thomas Jefferson- Francoplile- likes the French.
  2. Sam Adams- realized he made a huge error.
  3. Jon Hancock
  4. Patrick Henry- firebrand.
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16
Q

What did the Anti-federalists write and why?

A

The Anti-federalists wrote the Federal Farmer that was opposed to ratifying the U.S Constitution.

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17
Q

What did the Anti-federalists support in government and why?

A

The Anti-federalists supported strong state governments and wanted individual rights because they didn’t want the federal government to be too powerful.

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18
Q

What were the Anti-federalists worried about?

A

The Anti-federalists were worried that the states would lose power with the growth of the government’s power.

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19
Q

What kind of bank did the Anti-Federalists want?

A

The Anti-federalists wanted state banks with no oversight.

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20
Q

What kind of tax did the Anti-federalists not want?

A

The Anti-federalists did not want any tariffs.

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21
Q

Who did the Anti-federalists want the policies to favor?

A

The Anti-federalists wanted policies favorable to small farmers and skilled workers, such as Blacksmiths and Carpenters.

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22
Q

Who did the Anti-federalists want to control the government?

A

The Anti-federalists wanted the government to be controlled by ordinary citizens, middle class citizens, or farmers.

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23
Q

Who did the Anti-federalists want to have strong ties with? Who not?

A

The Anti-federalists wanted to have strong ties with France because they helped us during the American Revolution, supplying weapons, but not a strong tie with Britain.

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24
Q

When the states began to ratify the Constitution, what happened?

A

The Federalists started to gain favor. (Home run- got what they wanted)

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25
Who was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution and what happened then?
New Hampshire ratified the Constitution in June 1788, so it was adopted. However, there were four states who had not ratified the document yet and the Founder's wanted all the states to ratify the Constitution, so there was no Civil War and there was not divide in the country.
26
What state(s) did the Federalists need the ratify? Why? How?
The Federalists needed New York and Virginia because Virginia was the most populous state and if New York didn't approve the Constitution, it would create a wedge between the North and the South. Lastly, their failure to ratify would reduce the new union by two large, populated, wealthy states and would geographically splinter the country. Hamilton, Madison, and Jay wanted to make sure the people of NY demanded the state to ratify the Constitution.
27
What was the order of ratification for the last 4 states?
1. Virginia in 1789 2. New York in 1789 3. North Carolina in 1790 4. Rhode Island in 1790
28
What did not it matter that North Carolina and Rhode Island didn't ratify the Constitution until a year later?
It did not matter because the Constitution had already been ratified by 9 states.
29
Who was the last state to ratify the Constitution and what needed to be added?
The last state to ratify the Constitution was Rhode Island and Rhode Island refused to sign the Bill of Rights until it was assured that the Bill of Rights would be added.
30
What is the Dinner Compromise? Explain. How did Jefferson benefit?
The Compromise of 1790 was between Alexander Hamilton (F.), Thomas Jefferson (A-F), and James Madison (F). To satisfy the anti-federalists, the Bill of Rights would be added and James Madison came to a compromise and would write the Bill of Rights to ensure the government could not take advantage of an individual. Alexander Hamilton got Thomas Jeffersons approval to allow the National Bank to be created and Alexander Hamilton got to write the Economic Plan. Lastly, Thomas Jefferson wanted the Capital to be in his home state of Virginia, but the three compromised and the Capital would be cut out of Maryland and Virginia. That would be called Washington D.C (District of Columbia) that is not a state, so not one state is more powerful than another. Jefferson benefitted by getting bragging rights. (Compromise- Country over Party)
31
What do the Federalist Papers state? Aimed at?
The Federalist Papers state that the Constitution was fantastic and it did not need to be changed. Also, the Papers were aimed at the Anti-Federalists to support ratifying the Constitution or people who were on the fence and had made no decision.
32
Explain this quote from John Jay- "Nothing is more certain than the indispensable necessity of government, and it is equally undeniable, that whenever and however it is instituted, the people must cede to it some of their natural rights in order to vest it with requisite powers."
This quote by John Jay explains that government is needed and it is true, that whenever and however it is put in place, the people will have to give up our rights for the good of the whole.
33
Explain this quote from Alexander Hamilton- "The proposed Constitution, so far from implying an abolition of the State governments, makes them constituent parts of the national sovereignty, by allowing them a direct representation in the Senate, and leaves in their possession certain exclusive and very important portions of sovereign power. This fully corresponds, in every rational import of the terms, with the idea of a federal government."
This quote by Alexander Hamilton explains to the Anti-federalists to not worry because the states with have power in the Senate. (The States are part of the national government- Senate and H.O.R.) - Checks and Balances- all branches are co-equal , they get to approve, and have their own jobs. IMPORTANT- NOT DISCUSSING THE POWER OF THE HOUSE!!
34
Explain this quote by James Madison- "But the most common and durable source of factions has been the various and unequal distribution of property. Those who hold and those who are without property have ever formed distinct interests in society. "
This quote by James Madison explains no matter how rich or how poor, this government represents everyone or all the people. Distribution of Property- Money/Finances.
35
Explain this quote by James Madison- "...the smaller the number of individuals composing a majority, and the smaller the compass within which they are placed, the more easily will they concert and execute their plans of oppression. Extend the sphere, and you take in a greater variety of parties and interests; you make it less probable that a majority of the whole will have a common motive to invade the rights of other citizens."
This quote by James Madison explains that the more people a government has it gives it power to be less oppressive, the H.O.R.
36
Explain this quote by James Madison-"WE HAVE seen the necessity of the Union, as our bulwark against foreign danger, as the conservator of peace among ourselves, as the guardian of our commerce and other common interests, as the only substitute for those military establishments which have subverted the liberties of the Old World, and as the proper antidote for the diseases of faction, which have proved fatal to other popular governments, and of which alarming symptoms have been betrayed by our own.''
This quote by James Madison explains that unlike G.B's government of taking away our liberties and togetherness, government should bring us together, not have separate groups, government should represent everyone, and we need military. (Checks and Balances- President after Congress)
37
Explain this quote by Alexander Hamilton- "Whether there ought to be a federal government intrusted with the care of the common defense, is a question in the first instance, open for discussion; but the moment it is decided in the affirmative, it will follow, that that government ought to be clothed with all the powers requisite to complete execution of its trust."
This quote by Alexander Hamilton explains the declaration that Congress declares war and the President is the Commander in Chief and he/she should have power after Congress declares war.
38
Explain this quote by Alexander Hamilton- "...there must be interwoven, in the frame of the government, a general power of taxation, in one shape or another.
This quote by Alexander Hamilton explains that the government must be able to tax in order to have infrastructure (like roads, bridges, and tunnels) and general welfare for the good of the whole. STATES WERE TAXED.
39
Explain this quote by James Madison-" If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself."
This quote by James Madison, or the first line by Thomas Paine he stole without even citing it states that you must get the government (the branches) to work smoothly and then to control itself- checks and balances we are governing ourselves. (Democracy)
40
What was the purpose of Common Sense by Thomas Paine?
To convince the colonists to break away from Great Britain.
41
Who supported Paine's ideas?
Patriots or rebels supported Paine's ideas.
42
What was the opposing side of Common Sense? What was the purpose?
The opposing side of Common Sense was Plain Truth. The purpose was to convince the colonists to not break away.
43
Who supported the ideas of Plain Truth?
Loyalists and Tories supported the ideas of Plain Truth.
44
Do people interpret events through a specific lens?
Yes, it is their perspective.
45
What can impact your lens?
Influencers, Firebrands, Family, Media, Protests, Boycotts, Classes (Low, Middle, Upper), Background. Culture, Religion, Education, and Beliefs all impact your lens.
46
Where was the Constitution printed in and why?
The Constitution was printed in newspapers, so citizens could read it.
47
Who is the Federal Farmer aimed at?
The Federal Farmer is aimed at federalists who were on the fence and had not made a decision.
48
Why did the Anti-federalists not like the Constitution?
The Anti-federalists did not like the proposed Constitution because it did not have a Bill of Rights and seemed to give too much power to the rich and to the Federal Government.
49
Who was suspected to have written the Federal Farmer?
The author was unknown, but most think it was Thomas Jefferson.
50
What was the Federal Farmer? Published when?
The Federal Farmer was an anti-federalist pamphlet that included 2 letters that negatively assessed the proposed U.S Constitution and then was sent to NY newspapers to be published. The first letter was published in November 1787 and the second letter was published in May 1788.
51
What was the Federal Farmer's one big concern? Why is this crazy? What did the Anti-federalists want?
The Federal Farmers one big concern it that he believed the Constitution would ultimately unify the thirteen states into one whole. This is crazy because the writer is missing the point of the American Revolution and we are called the "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA". The Anti-federalists wanted to be independent and have no central government.
52
Did the Federal Farmer want the states or the federal government to have more power? Why as a farmer, would he want this?
The Federal Farmer wanted the states to have more power because he is an average farmer, he is fearful of losing his power to the rich men in government.
53
What did the farmers see happen to Sam Adams' sense of power when he became a Senator? What did the farmers fear?
The farmers saw that when Sam Adams became the Senator of Massachusetts he became very greedy for power. The farmers feared that once you become a politician, you become too power hungry.
54
Why would the Federal Farmer be opposed to a uniform set of laws for the entire country? What did the Farmer's fear?
The Federal Farmer be opposed to a uniform set of laws for the entire country because he was questioning how you can make laws when each state is different. The farmer's feared that state government would have less power, but that is not the case because Articles 4 takes care of the states.
55
According to the Federal Farmer, how could a strong federal government trample freedom?
A strong federal government could trample freedom because the federal government would have all this power and the states would have none. (Also, a strong federal government could become oppressive)
56
1st Amendment- Bill of Rights
Freedom of speech, press, assembly, religion, and protest.
57
Do you have absolute freedom of speech and examples?
You do not have absolute freedom of speech. For example, in school or at home you can't say a curse word.
58
What is the press and what is "4th a state"?
The press is media or news. The "4th a state"- Press is not a branch/or part of government. (It is a Ghost Branch- limits power) It would be a branch of government because it reports and that can keep government/politicians honest.
59
What is freedom of assembly?
Assembly is the right to meet. Everyone can meet- including the Klu Klux Clan.
60
What is religion and examples?
Religion is your beliefs. Ex, catholicism and christianity.
61
What is protest?
Protest is either marches or can be boycotts saying you won't do something or dislike someone. (Can't act- Klu Klux Clan) No lying or hurting others and protests have to be peaceful!
62
2nd Amendment
Right to keep and bear arms in order to maintain a well-regulated militia.
63
Explain why the 2nd Amendment is controversial.
The 2nd Amendment is controversial because the question is who-left up to the states and does this include illegal guns? Also, people's opinions are licenses, having a background check- any criminal past of murdering, if only the military should have possessions of guns, you have to wait three days before receiving a gun after you buy it, if people with mental illnesses or people that are unstable should not own a gun.
64
Who are the safest people with their guns?
Hunters are the safest people with their guns- Separate area for guns and bullets.
65
3rd Amendment
No quartering of soldiers.
66
Explain- No quartering of soldiers.
You do not have to be forced to let soldiers stay in your home.
67
4th Amendment
No unreasonable searches and seizures.
68
Explain: No unreasonable searches and seizures. Completely?
You have to have a search warrant. A police officer would go to a judge and they would either accept it or decline it. A police officer does not need it if the search is for the good of the whole. (You give up your rights in public) KIND OF PRIVACY!
69
5th Amendment
No double jeopardy. You can refuse to be a witness against yourself.
70
Explain: Double jeopardy. Give an example.
You can't be put on trial for the exact same crime twice. You are arrested and put on trial for stealing and you are found not guilty, then a month later they find camera footage of you actually stealing you get arrested, but you can't go to jail for stealing. - They would probably find a different punishment for you.
71
Explain: You can refuse to be a witness against yourself.
You can say I "Plead the 5th", which is admitting you did the crime, easier for judges.
72
6th Amendment
The right to a speedy and public trial with a lawyer.
73
Explain the right to a speedy and public trial with a lawyer. ALL COMPONENTS!
Speedy- you are not going to jail indefinitely without being in front of a judge (Within a few days). (Are you a danger to yourself or others) The trial is public to prevent a judge from being biased. Lastly, everyone is allowed to have a lawyer which makes it fair because lawyers know the law, you can either hire a lawyer and if you can't afford a lawyer the state will provide one.
74
Bail and when does it happen?
An amount of money held in the bank account to allow a prisoner to leave jail and return later for a trial. (GIVES YOU TIME) Bail happens before the trial.
75
What happens if you don't show up to your court date? What if you do?
If you do not show up to your court date then the bank/court keeps the money, you get nothing back and they hold it over you. If you show up then your family will get all the money and get everything back.
76
Why is the 6th Amendment biased?
The 6th Amendment is biased because it favors middle/upper class, and if the lower class people are convicted of a crime and they do not own anything and have no money they have to stay in jail.
77
7th Amendment
Right of trial by jury in civil cases.
78
Explain: Right of trial by jury in civil cases. Give examples!
Civil cases are financial and suing. You can sue civilly after criminal cases. Ex, a person is drunk and driving and found not guilty in the trial, but they crash into another car and the people who were crashed can sue the drunk driver. (Personal Injury and restraining orders)
79
8th Amendment
Freedom from excessive bail, cruel, and unusual punishments.
80
Explain: Freedom from excessive bail, cruel and unusual punishments. Give an example.
Whatever the crime is the punishment has to fit the crime. Ex, you can't cut off a persons hand for stealing gum.
81
9th Amendment
People have rights not listed in the Constitution.
82
Who was happy with the 9th Amendment?
The Federalists were happy with the 9th Amendment because it was loose interpretation. (Privacy)
83
10th Amendment
Any rights not defined to be the Federal government are the states to decide.
84
Who was happy with the 10th Amendment?
The Anti-federalists were happy with the 10th Amendment because the states have power.
85
When was the Bill of Rights ratified? When did RI sign the Constitution?
The Bill of Rights was ratified in 1791. Rhode Island signed the Constitution in 1790.
86
What is the difference between Civil and Criminal Cases?
The difference is that Civil is financial and suing, while criminal if you are found guilty you go to jail, it is much more serious, and the government is coming after you- high crime.
87
Who ultimately won- Anti-federalists vs. Federalists?
No one actually won, but they reached a Compromise known as the Dinner Compromise!

History #5 Constitution (3 decks)

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