History Test Ch. 9-11

Question 1

What is the spoils system? - Era of Andrew Jackson

Answer 1

The spoils system was instituted by Democratic President Andrew Jackson. “To the victor goes the spoils” meant that every government job belonged to the party in power. This drawing was meant to depict Jackson’s decision-making in appointing members of his party to government positions.

Question 2

Policy Favor by white people during the 1800s - How did white people acquire land?

Answer 2

The Native Americans were removed

Question 3

The Trail of Tears - Where were most Native Americans brought?

Answer 3

Between the 1830 Indian Removal Act and 1850, the U.S. government used forced treaties and/or U.S. Army action to move about 100,000 American Indians living east of the Mississippi River, westward to Indian Territory in what is now Oklahoma.

Question 4

Andrew Jackson wanted to abolish the national bank - What happened after he abolished the banks?

Answer 4

The removal of the government’s deposits crippled the federal bank, and it dissolved in 1836. The next year, another financial panic, the Panic of 1837, swept the country.

Question 5

What is the species circular? What’s going to happen to the market?

Answer 5

Specie Circular, (July 11, 1836), in U.S. history, an executive order issued by President Andrew Jackson requiring that payment for the purchase of public lands be made exclusively in gold or silver.
How did the Specie Circular affect the economy?
The Specie Circular was partly responsible for the Panic of 1837. As currency depreciated, businesses, like the government had already done, demanded gold and silver in payment of debts. Unfortunately, there was not enough gold and silver available to keep the United States’ economy operating efficiently.

Question 6

John C. Calhoun - Vice President with Jackson - Cabinet affair - Did he become a strong Jackson opponent?

Answer 6

Andrew Jackson believed a strong federal government would lead to a strong democracy. As Andrew Jackson’s vice president, John C. Calhoun became a strong Jackson opponent.

Question 7

How many of millions of acres of land did they gain when they removed the native americans?

Answer 7

Over a hundred million

Question 8

Immigration - Where did the majority of the immigrants come from?

Answer 8

Ireland - Famine and Germany - Religious persecution

Question 9

Eerie canal - What did it do?

Answer 9

Linked the Hudson river with upstate new York

Question 10

What did canal transportation do? How and why is it more efficient?

Answer 10

Canals were good at moving fragile goods such as pottery and also heavy goods such as coal. They were actually faster than carriages and pack mules as once a horse got a barge moving, its own momentum would keep it going at a decent pace.

Question 11

What part of the US were most factories located?

Answer 11

Most industry was located in the Northeast of the United States.

Question 12

What social class grew the fastest? -

Answer 12

Middle Class - More jobs that people could qualify for - improved diet

Question 13

Growing middle class - growing wealth - what did you not need to become a very wealthy middle class?

Answer 13

You don’t need land

Question 14

Most significant invention for middle class homes?

Answer 14

• Cast iron stove - cook food at your discretion

Question 15

Entertainment

Answer 15

P.T. Barnum - unusual people- Middle Class people leisure activities

Question 16

What particular agricultural output grew in south? Why?

Answer 16

Short staple cotton. Cotton transformed the United States, making fertile land in the Deep South, from Georgia to Texas, extraordinarily valuable. Growing more cotton meant an increased demand for slaves. Slaves in the Upper South became incredibly more valuable as commodities because of this demand for them in the Deep South.

Question 17

What was the second middle passage?

Answer 17

Moving slaves to the deep south

Question 18

Southern agricultural industrial economy - Slave labor

Answer 18

Slavery was so profitable, it sprouted more millionaires per capita in the Mississippi River valley than anywhere in the nation. With cash crops of tobacco, cotton and sugar cane, America’s southern states became the economic engine of the burgeoning nation. Their fuel of choice? Human slavery.

Question 19

Social Classes

Answer 19

Yeoman Farmer, Planter Class, Poor whites

Question 20

Poor whites

Answer 20

Felt better than the slaves because they were white

Question 21

Bond of paternalism

Answer 21

Slaves took their masters last names. The ideology of paternalism meant that the masters took care of their slaves because they were personally attached to them. Genovese believes that this was especially true because slaves were given an abundant supply of food by their masters, and they retained a plentiful, if not nutritionally, balanced diet.

Question 22

Break up of slave families

Answer 22

About ⅓ of families were broken up