History Test Ch. 5-8 Flashcards
Common Sense by Thomas Paine
Thomas Paine’s popular pamphlet that encouraged independence from England by arguing that colonist could never be truly free under the English constitution.
Commander of the Continental Army
George Washington became the commander after congress recognized the need for a centralized leader. He took command in June 1775.
American advantages over the British in the Revolutionary War
The Americans were fighting on their own land and are more motivated because they are fighting for their freedom. England didn’t have the same motivation and were only fighting to maintain the colonies.
France’s role in our independence
Between 1778 and 1782 the French provided supplies, arms and ammunition, uniforms, and, most importantly, troops and naval support to the beleaguered Continental Army. The French navy transported reinforcements, fought off a British fleet, and protected Washington’s forces in Virginia
Loyalists/Tories – 1/3 of the colonies
Supporters of England and the king, they may have represented a third of the white colonial population; many left America after the revolution.
Northwest Ordinance 1787
Outlawed slavery in the Northwest territory and the states that developed in that area were always “free states”
Shay’s Rebellion
A 1786 uprising of poor Massachusetts farmers demanding relief from their debt; exposed the weakness of the articles of confederation.
“The Great Compromise” – Constitutional Convention 1787 and what did the convention do
2 house legislature. House of representatives based on population, the senate has two representatives no matter the population.
The Antifederalist position
They thought it would increase taxes, weaken the states, grant the central government dictatorial power, favor the “well born” over the common people, and abolish individual liberty.
Alexander Hamilton
One of the countries founders, influential in Washington’s cabinet. Started the first national bank.
Pinckney’s Treaty
Agreement between the US and Spain that guaranteed access to the Mississippi river for American trade and protection from Native Americans in Spain’s territories.
Alien and Sedition Acts
A group of laws passed under President John Adams that limited new immigrants’ access to citizenship and gave the federal government broad powers to limit criticism of the government
Jay’s Treaty
Crafted in response to continued British seizure of American ships in 1794 by the chief justice of the supreme court’ John Jay; resolved the dispute by acknowledging American supremacy over the northwest territory and producing a commercial relationship with Britain.
(The Northwest Territories were American not British and stopping the British interfering with American trade and shipping)
Eli Whitney’s inventions – understand the unintended consequence of the cotton gin (Essay Question)
The cotton gin made cotton production more efficient but expanded slavery due to this.
Thomas Jefferson
A founder of the United States and wrote the declaration of independence
Louisiana Purchase
Napeoloan sold Louisiana to Monroe for $15 million dollars, 3 cents per acre, he wasn’t sure if he ad the authority but did it anyway. Jefferson was very happy with this but also wasn’t sure if he had the authority.
Lewis and Clark
On the direction of President Jefferson, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark led an expedition form Missouri to the pacific in order to gather information on the lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase.
“The Star Spangled Banner”
Written because of the War of 1812, Francis Scott Key saw the bombs being shot into the Baltimore base and the next morning the flag was still there. He wrote the poem that would be turned into a song for our national anthem.
Black Belt Region
A region of dark, productive soil in Alabama, Mississippi, and Georgia
“Era of Good Feelings” – know why times were good, but also understand how they ended
They had just beat England and the federalist party ceased to exist. They ended when the panic of 1819 where the was a decrease of American goods.
Adams-Oñis Treaty 1819
Agreement between the United States and Spain in 1819 that gave Florida to the United States in exchange for dropping its claims to Texas.
Missouri Compromise of 1820
Agreement of 1820 that defused sectional conflict by agreeing to admit Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state, and to henceforth prohibit slavery in the Louisiana Purchase territory in the regions north of the southern border of Missouri.
Monroe Doctrine
Articulated in 1823, the policy of the United states that warned against Europe interference in the American continents and promised the united the would stay out of European affairs.
(We protected our half of the world from being colonized from Europeans)
