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history tcap review Flashcards

1
Q

indentured servants

A

traded labor for passage to the new world

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2
Q

John Rolfe

A

developed profitable tobacco plant that saved Jamestown’s economy

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3
Q

why did slavery spread in the colonies?

A

tons of land to grow cash crops

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4
Q

House of Burgesses

A

start of representative government in america

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5
Q

James Oglethorpe

A

founded Georiga as buffer colony and refuge for debtors

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6
Q

stamp act, tea act, sugar act, townshend acts, intolerable acts

A

taxes placed on the colonies by Britain

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7
Q

what caused the French and Indian War?

A

conflict over land and fur trading

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8
Q

mercantilism

A

make the mother country rich by importing more than exporting

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9
Q

why did Puritans, Pilgrims, and Quakers leave England?

A

freedom of religion

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10
Q

Anne Hutchinson & Roger Williams

A

banished from Puritan Church for their “radical” opinions

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11
Q

“city upon a hill”

A

Puritan dream to show others how the ideal Christian community looked

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12
Q

Virginia Company of London

A

financed settlement of Jamestown

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13
Q

Roger Willams

A

founded Rhode Island colony after being banished from Massachusetts Bay

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14
Q

joint-stock companies

A

stable way to finance new colonies because large sums of money could be raised with little risk to investors

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15
Q

direct effect of tea act

A

Boston Tea Party

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16
Q

how did slaves resist their predicament?

A

rebel, slow work, sabotage tools, sue in the court system

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17
Q

French and Dutch settlements did what trade?

A

fur trade

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18
Q

great awakening

A

increased tolerance of other religions in the colonies

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19
Q

“he that does not work shall not eat”

A

quote from John Smith, as he wanted an organized and safe colony

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20
Q

what made Quaker religious meetings different?

A

women could lead and participate in meetings

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21
Q

“no taxation without representation”

A

meaning colonists needed to have a say in the government taxing them
rallying cry of the revolution

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22
Q

another name for Pilgrims

A

separatists

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23
Q

Middle Passage

A

carried enslaved people to the Americas from Africa

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24
Q

what was the government system of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

A

theocracy

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25
Squanto
taught Pilgrims farming techniques, was the reason they survived
26
how did Quakers feel about other religions?
tolerant
27
ambush at Fort Loudoun
British officers and families were ambushed by Cherokee
28
consequences of French and Indian War that led to Revolutionary War
large amount of British debt
29
Lexington, Massachusetts
first battle of Revolutionary War
30
Land Ordinance of 1785
created system to auction public land to pay off government debt
31
Thomas Paine
wrote Common Sense pamphlet
32
who presided over the Constitutional Convention?
George Washington
33
when was the Declaration of Independence adopted?
1776
34
battle of Saratoga
turning point of the war, Continental Army got the help of the French
35
what did small states want?
equal state representation (Senate)
36
Shay's Rebellion
Americans called for a stronger national government
37
Articles of Confederation
established first national government, though it was weak
38
"Father of the Constitution"
James Madison
39
Great Compromise
resolved conflict between Virginia and New Jersey plans for government Virginia: population-based representation New Jersey: equal representation
40
immediate consequence of Revolutionary War
debt
41
commander of Continental Army
George Washington
42
battle of King's Mountain
frontier Patriots respond to British threat - "lay waste to your land with fire and sword"
43
Francis Marion
"swamp fox" - leader of guerilla fighting (hit-and-run attacks) in the south
44
Connecticut Compromise (aka Great Compromise)
created bicameral legislature (House of Representatives & Senate)
45
Battle of Yorktown
last major battle of Revolutionary War
46
22nd Amendment
establish two-term rule
47
why did Antifederalists not like the Constitution?
no Bill of Rights
48
5th Amendment
protects a person from testifying against themselves "right to remain silent"
49
1st Amendment
freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, petition the government
50
Three-Fifths Compromise
clarified how slaves would count in representative government slaves counted as 3/5 of a person
51
Alien and Sedition Acts
protect the government from criticism in war time
52
6th & 7th Amendments
right to a speedy, impartial, jury trial
53
2nd Amendment
right to bear arms
54
Federalists
supporters of the Constitution
55
why did Hamilton want tariffs?
protect American businesses
56
Whiskey Rebellion
proved the president could enforce/carry out the laws
57
Federalist Papers
articles written to persuade people to support the Constitution written by James Madison, John Jay, and ALEXANDER HAMILTON
58
Establishment Clause of 1st Amendment
separation of church and state
59
who can impeach the president?
legislative branch
60
where was the Constitutional Convention held?
Independence Hall, Philidelphia, Pennsylvania
61
due process
protects the rights of those accused of crimes
62
importance of the War of 1812
showed other countries that America could defend itself
63
what was the decision made after British burned Washington D.C.?
the capitol would be rebuilt
64
Memphis - "cotton capital of the south"
central location on Mississippi River, productive/fertile land
65
effects of War of 1812
increased American pride, manufacturing, and decreased American Indian resistance
66
effects of steam power
move factories away from waterways, work during droughts, provide innovation in textile industry
67
cotton gin
increased cotton profit, increased desire for land, increased demand for slave labor
68
XYZ affair
French demanded a $250,000 to talk to American diplomats
69
military campaigns fought by Tennesseans
Horseshoe Bend, New Orleans
70
Louisiana Purchase
cheap and doubled the size of the U.S. (thanks Thomas Jefferson)
71
transportation improvements
encouraged national unity, opened larger markets, movement of people & goods streamlined
72
Marbury v. Madison
started practice judicial review
73
12th Amendment
created after Election of 1800 Presidents and Vice Presidents run together
74
Elastic Clause
flexibility in interpreting the Constitution
75
causes of War of 1812
impressment of American sailors, desire for land, mutual trade embargos, Britain arming/encouraging Native Americans
76
Tecumseh's Indian Confederation
return to the old ways, unite Indian nations to fight white settlers
77
Francis Scott Key
author of "Star Spangled Banner"
78
"the Lone Star State"
nickname for Texas; independent nation for 10 years
79
McCullough v. Maryland & Gibbons v. Ogden
increase of federal power
80
David Crockett
died at the Alamo
81
causes of westward expansion
gold rush in California, pathfinders opened new trails, Manifest Destiny
82
"the People's President"
Andrew Jackson, because more people participated in voting
83
Trail of Tears
involuntary 800-mile march Cherokee Indians made in removal from Georgia
84
Sojourner Truth
main participant in suffrage and abolitionist movements
85
why was Texas not annexed immediately?
disagreements about whether it should be free or slave
86
John Quincy Adams
candidate elected president in the "corrupt bargain" election
87
principles established by Supreme Court in McCullough v. Maryland
Supremacy Clause (federal laws are generally more powerful than state laws) & Necessary and Proper Clause (Congress can make any laws that are needed for the functioning of the government)
88
Sam Houston
president of Texas during their period of independence, leader of Texan Army during Texan Revolution
89
the Alamo
Texans lost, sought revenge
90
Susan B. Anthony
suffragist who believed women should receive equal pay, change property rights, enter jobs that were usually for men
91
2nd Great Awakening
increased motivation for reform
92
Nullification Crisis
concerned tariffs
93
TN's 1834 Constitution reflects what principle?
Jacksonian democracy (expanded voting rights)
94
19th Amendment
eventual outcome of women's rights movement
95
what was the reason Americans were generally open to a Mexican-American War?
President Polk wanted to expand U.S. by any means necessary
96
Henry Clay - "The Great Compromiser"
negotiated the Missouri Compromise & Compromise of 1850
97
Compromise of 1850
popular sovereignty would decide whether states allowed slavery or not
98
Dred Scott Case
split Democratic Party in half Dred Scott not considered a citizen
99
Harriet Beecher Stowe
wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin
100
party that opposed Kansas-Nebraska Act
Republican party stop EXPANSION of slavery
101
what state was added with Missouri to keep the balance?
Maine
102
what began the Mexican-American War?
Mexican troops fired on Zachary Taylor's troops from across Rio Grande River
103
Harriet Tubman
conductor on Underground Railroad, Union spy, led plantation raids
104
Fugitive Slave Act
required all Northerners to help recapture escaping slaves
105
Elihu Embree
published "The Emancipator" newspaper
106
outcome of Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Mexico forced to turn over much western land
107
Frederick Douglas
former slave who escaped and became an abolitionist, wrote the North Star abolition newspaper

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