History Taking; GU Flashcards
Describe what the following means;
- Dys,
- Haemat,
- Noct,
- An,
- Oli,
- Poly
- Dys = Pain
- Haemat = blood
- Noct = night
- An = none
- Oli = small
- Poly = lots
Urinary questions to ask
- Dysuria?
- Nocturia?
- Macroscopic haematuria? (Microscopic would be blood seen on urine dip stick)
- Polyuria? (More than 2.5-3L in 24 hours)
- Oliguria?
- Anuria
- Terminal dribbling?
- Hesitancy?
- Incomplete emptying?
What can be some of the causes of oliguria or anuria?
- Obstruction (suprapubic pain with intense desire to micturate)
- Hypovolaemia (dehydrated)
- Acute kidney injury or renal failure
Describe the different types of incontinence
Stress - Sphincter weakness that causes small leak of urine when intra-abdominal pressure rises.
Urge - Detrusor instability, strong desire to void and rush to go.
Overflow - Usually due to outflow obstruction, leak small amounts and distended bladder palpable.
Neurological - Loss of sensation which can result in lack of control
What associated symptoms should you discuss?
Vomiting, fever, malaise, anorexia, weight loss, fatigue and lack of energy
What is pyelonephritis?
Kidney infection where is has begun as a UTI but treavelled up to 1 or both kidneys.
What symptoms would indicate an enlarged prostate?
Slow flow, hesitancy, incomplete emptying, dribbling, noturia.
Name some symptoms of an upper urinary tract infection
- Dull ache in flank, Polyuria to anuria. Some causes can be tumour, stricture or calculi
Name some symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction
Hesitancy, poor stream, terminal dribbling, sense of incomplete emptying, possible retention.
What are key symptoms to enquire in a male repro history
- Urinary symptoms,
- Abdo pain,
- Systemic upset,
- Urethral discharge,
- Testicular pain,
- Testicular lumps,
- Joint, eye or GI symptoms (consider reiter’s),
- Ulcers/warts,
- Itch,
- Smell,
- Rash,
- Fertility,
- Partners
What is a testicular torsion?
Occurs when the testicles rotate causing the spermatic cord to twist
What are some key symptoms when taking a female repro history?
- Urinary symptoms,
- Abdo/pelvic pain,
- Systemic upset,
- Dyspareunia,
- Dysmenorrhoea,
- Menorrhagia,
- Inter Menstrual Bleeding,
- Post Menopausal bleeding,
- Post Coital Bleeding,
- Vaginal dryness,
- Itch,
- Smell,
- Rash,
- Possibility of pregnancy?
- Fertility problems?
- Partner?
- Smear history
What is Amenorrhoea?
It there is no period by the age of 14 if there is an abcense of secondary sexual characteristics and 16 if other features develop normally.
What classes as premature menopause?
Menopause before 40 years old
How do you write about a patients last menstrual period in notes?
x/y where x = usual length of each period and Y = number of days from the start of 1 period to the next.
