history - russia

Question 1

What was the Tsar a representation of

Answer 1

God on earth in Russian orthodox church

Question 2

what was Russia like in 1815

Answer 2

largest most populated in the world, many languages, ethniticites, religions, but lagged behind in industrialization in economics and social development

Question 3

what government was russia

Answer 3

autocracy (one leader, dictator, absolute power)

Question 4

what is the Romanov dynasty

Answer 4

in power since 1613, dictators

Question 5

what were the things that the Tsar limited

Answer 5

no legislation or constitution, no political parties, no freedom of speech, worship or assembly, press censorship

Question 6

what is russian serfdom

Answer 6

syst4em in which serfs can be bought and sold with the land on which they live, 1860, serfs compromised 80 percent of population, they made much of the food and lifespan was usually to 35, they still loved the Tsar tho

Question 7

Alexander ll

Answer 7

known as liberator, emancipation of the serfs, during crimean war, embarresing russian defeat by france and britian so he recognized they needed to reform and he needed to free the serfs before they revolt

Question 8

what is the emanicipation manifest (1861)

Answer 8

dismanteld syst4em of serfdom, tens of millions of serfs were set free, state took land from nobility and gave it to peasents, peasents still remained poor though because they fell into a trap

Question 9

what did Alexander ll do with limited reforms

Answer 9

ahe establshed system of local government - zemstvos - elected assemblies to address local issues, legal reforms, trial by jury, public trials, eased censorship but no freedom of press

Question 10

what happened after the political reforms were made

Answer 10

failed to satisfy russians, peasents now paid rent to state instead of nobles, nobles didn’t like government taking away land, nobility tried convinving peasents to revolt, radical popululist assasinated alexander

Question 11

what is populist

Answer 11

the common people

Question 12

what did Alexander lll do

Answer 12

cracked down on political activity, enacted counter - reforms - program of russification aimed at suppressing non russian people

Question 13

what is russification

Answer 13

making everyone as russian as possible

Question 14

what are progroms

Answer 14

violent mob attacks on jews - many became refugees and fleed abroad

Question 15

what was a cause for marxism being to popular

Answer 15

famine in 1891 and 1892 - horribly mismanaged by government, at least half a million peasents died of starvation - led to increased political activism - many educated russians turned to the ideas of german philosopher karl marx

Question 16

what is bourgeoise

Answer 16

fancy and rich

Question 17

what is proletariat

Answer 17

the poor

Question 18

what does socialism lead to

Answer 18

communism

Question 19

what is capitalism

Answer 19

daughters bakery - resources owned by individuals and operated for profit

Question 20

what is socialism

Answer 20

community/state controls production and distribution of resources to increase social and economic equality

Question 21

what is communism

Answer 21

only reached after socialism - no social classes, property ownership or government

Question 22

what did Tsar Nicholas ll do

Answer 22

industrialization efforts increased in 1890s by 1913 russia was the worlds 5th most industrialized nation - industrialiation led to social unrest - caused bad living and working conditions, low pay - all levels of russians led to dissatisfaction

Question 23

what was bloody sunday

Answer 23

russia fought war against Japan over control of manchuria and korea, russia lost horribly, russo japenese war unleashed a lot of anger, protestors flooded streets, 150k peaceful protestors marched in petrograd outside of winter palace, soilders opened fire and hundreds were killed and wounded - this launched 1905 revolution

Question 24

causes for 1905 revolution

Answer 24

caused by bloody sunday, protests and strikes across russia, peasents workers liberals, socialists, soilders, and students demanded reform - terrorist activity spread and officials were assasinated

Question 25

what was the 1905 revolution

Answer 25

Tsar nicholas ll finally forced to announce reforms that limited power of the tsar - october manifesto - creation of the Duma - elected national legislature - manifesto won over moderators leaving socialists isolated - first duma dissovled by nicholas, appointed conservationist peter stolypin as prime minister - arrests, executions, pogroms, used t resotre order - nicholas ll retained autocratic power and unrest continued

Question 26

feburary revolution

Answer 26

anger over russia’s political, economic, and social issues led to collapse of the monarchy - Tsar nicholas ll steps down and duma established provisional government- constiteunt assembly cenvened to create new constitution

Question 27

who were the soviets

Answer 27

council of workers and soilders - at first worked alongside government to maintain order, on soviet call the bolsheviks - radical socialist group - took charge

Question 28

vladimir Ilyich Lenin

Answer 28

from upper middle class family - brother killed for plotting the kill previous Tsar - leader of bolshevik revolution, socialist political party, anti imperialist and anti ww1

Question 29

what does bolshevik mean

Answer 29

majority

Question 30

what did the bolsheviks promise

Answer 30

peace, land, and bread to the working class

Question 31

october revolution causes

Answer 31

poor governence uder the provisional government and they didn’t like being in ww1, poor living standards amoung working class - lenin and the bolsheviks disolved constiteunt assembly and seized power, leading to civil war

Question 32

who were the secret police for the bolsheviks

Answer 32

the cheka - they dealt with threats to the new regime

Question 33

who were the whites

Answer 33

isarists, meshiviks, leberais, and othe parties that wanted to take over the government, and they were supported by japan, britian, france and the us

Question 34

who were the red

Answer 34

the bolsheviks

Question 35

why did japan britian france and us join the whites

Answer 35

they viewed communism as a threat to capitalism

Question 36

how did the whites beat the reds

Answer 36

lenin knew that victory over the whites required peace with germany, so he created the treaty of brest - litovsh, this made peach with germany but at an enormus cos because Russia gave over poland, ukraine, finland, and the baltic states they lost 34% of population, 32% of agricultural lands, 54% of industry and 89% of coal mines this treaty angered many russians, lasted 5 years and 13 million died

Question 37

what happened at the begining of the russian civil war

Answer 37

the cheka executed the romanov family because they were worried the whites would find them, white armies spread across russia but had no central organization - red army was ultimitly victorious, bolshevik victory marked beginning of 70 years of authoritarian rule

Question 38

explain the government of the soviet union

Answer 38

private land ownership ended - and the land was distrubuted to peasents - workers were given control of factories and mines
new flag with hammer and sickle - workers and peasents
only members of communist party had a say in the government

Question 39

leon trotsky

Answer 39

lenin successor - marxis intellecual, strong orator, one of the architects of the bolshevik revoltion

Question 40

joseph stalin

Answer 40

lenin successor - not an intellectual, skilled politician, but brutish and violent, became leader of ussr until his death

Question 41

j