History & Politics Flashcards
Who is the chancellor of Germany?
Angela Merkel
Who is the chancellor of Austria?
Sebastian Kurz
Who is the prince of Liechtenstein?
Hans-Adam II
Who is the crown prince of Liechtenstein?
Alois
Who is the head of government of Liechtenstein?
Adrian Hasler
Who is the federal president of Germany?
Frank-Walter Steinmeier
Who is the federal president of Austria?
Alexander Van der Bellen
After the Second World War, what fraction of Germany was removed from its territory?
One-fourth (A quarter of it’s territory was lost)
How many parts was Germany divided into after the Second World War and who controlled each of those parts?
4 parts; US, USSR, France, Great Britain
In 1948, what plan did the US enact to help Germany out of its economic crisis?
The Marshall Plan
What was the capital of West Germany and how many Bundesländer composed it?
Bonn and 11
How many members are in the Bundesrat?
69
How many members are in the Bundestag?
622
What is the major industrial component of West Berlin?
Electronic Components
Name the three castles built by Ludwig II in Bavaria.
Neuschwanstein, Linderhof, Herrenchiemsee
What German-American drew the first Santa Claus as we know him today?
Thomas Nast
Who was the father of the Atomic Bomb?
Robert Oppenheimer
Where are these three famous people buried? The Three Wise Men, Händel, Karl der Große (Charlemagne)? (respectively)
Köln, Westminster Abbey, Aachen
Name the three castles Ludwig II built and name the one he never completed.
Linderhof, Herrenchiemsee, Neuschwanstein (not completed)
What famous historical event is performed in Rothenburg ob der Tauber?
Meistertrunk
In what year did Switzerland unite?
1291
What are the four official languages of Switzerland?
Romansch, Italian, French, German
When did Switzerland adopt a policy of neutrality?
1815
In which castle did Martin Luther translate the bible into German?
die Wartburg
Who wrote Die Kritik der reinen Vernunft?
Immanuel Kant
Who argued that human knowledge comes from experience?
Immanuel Kant
Who argued that the laws of morality should be obeyed regardless of personal consequences?
Immanuel Kant
Which philosopher lived from 1724-1804?
Immanuel Kant
Who believed that life was a drama of endless strife and suffering?
Arthur Schopenhauer
Which philosopher lived from 1788-1860?
Arthur Schopenhauer
Who believed that suffering could be relieved by renouncing desire and negating the will?
Arthur Schopenhauer
Which philosopher believed that suffering could be relieved by contemplation of fine arts?
Arthur Schopenhauer
Who wrote Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung?
Arthur Schopenhauer
Who had a special interest in history?
Georg Friedrich Hegel
Who saw history as a reflection of God’s will?
Georg Friedrich Hegel
Who believed that God’s will was revealed through progressions of changes resulting from conflict between opposing forces in society?
Georg Friedrich Hegel
Who believed that the thesis and the antithesis clash to create a new stage in social evolution called the synthesis?
Georg Friedrich Hegel
Who applied Hegel’s philosophy to economics?
Karl Marx
Who concluded that communism is the economic synthesis that Hegel talked about?
Karl Marx
Who believed that management and labor were the thesis and antithesis in economics?
Karl Marx
Who wrote Das Kapital?
Karl Marx
Which philosopher lived from 1818-1883?
Karl Marx
Which philosopher lived from 1770-1831?
Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Hegel
Who wrote Also sprach Zarathustra?
Friedrich Nietzsche
Who wrote Jenseits von Gut und Böse?
Friedrich Nietzsche
Who attacked Christianity as something that represses the creativity of man by forcing a mold upon us?
Friedrich Nietzsche
Who believed that the source of all creativity is a will to power?
Friedrich Nietzsche
Who believed that the hope of mankind lies in the emergence of the Übermensch?
Friedrich Nietzsche
Which philosopher lived from 1844-1900?
Friedrich Nietzsche
Whose work led to calculus and symbolic logic?
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Whose work was mainly in the fields of mathematics and philosophy?
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Who believed that everything is in this world for the best?
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Who believed that man should be satisfied with what he has?
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Whose philosophy consists of the idea of the categorical imperative?
Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant describes the confinement of human understanding in which book?
Die Kritik der reinen Vernunft
In which book does Immanuel Kant describe his idea of the categorical imperative?
Der Kritik der praktischen Vernunft
Which philosophy states that man should fulfill his duty regardless of the consequences?
categorical imperative/kategorischen Imperativs
Whose philosophy was based on historical development and a summary of all existing theories and ideas?
Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Hegel
Who is recognized as the author of the history of philosophy?
Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Hegel
Who was known as the pessimistic philosopher?
Arthur Schopenhauer
Who wrote in prose style and stated that uncomprehending will was the final human reality?
Arthur Schopenhauer
Which German-born politician played an important role (Secretary of the Interior) in America during the time of Lincoln?
Carl Schurz
Who was the founder of freedom of the press in America?
Peter Zenger
In which city was Albrecht Dürer born?
Nürnberg/Nuremburg
Which German scientist isolated the tuberculosis bacterium?
Robert Koch
Which area near Philadelphia was founded by Germans?
Germantown
Who invented the oil motor?
Rudolf Diesel
Who is the father of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
Who is known as the father of the German language for translating the Bible into German?
Martin Luther
Where is the oldest German university?
Heidelberg
Which city is famous for the production of Marzipan?
Lübeck
Who was the most powerful Prussian king of the 18th century?
Frederick the Great (Friedrich der Große)
Which philosopher wrote about a new race of super humans?
Frederich Nietzsche
On October 6, 1683, which settlement was founded?
Germantown
Who helped train American troops in the Revolutionary War in 1778?
Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben
In 1785, which treaty was signed between the King of Prussia and the United States?
Treaty of Amity and Commerce
Which 1787 document served as a model for the German Basic Law?
US Constitution
Which rally was held to demand an all German federal Constitution in 1832?
The Hambach Festival
What met in St Paul’s Church in Frankfurt?
The first German National Assembly
In 1871, who became the German Kaiser of the German Reich?
Prussian King Wilhelm I
Who became Wilhelm I’s chancellor?
Otto von Bismarck
When did the United States enter World War I?
April 6, 1917
In 1919, the National Assembly drew up a constitution for what nation?
The Weimar Republic
In 1933, which important change in leadership occurred, causing emigration to the United States?
Hitler became chancellor
Which action began World War II?
Hitler’s invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939
When did Germany surrender unconditionally in World War II?
May 8, 1945
When was the coronation of Karl der Große?
800
When did the Berlin blockade begin?
June of 1948
When was the Thirty Years War?
1618-1648
What was the East Berlin workers’ revolt?
June 17, 1953
What was the year of the inflation and Hitler’s Putsch?
1923
When did das Heilige Römische Reich come to an end?
1806
When was die Hanse established?
Twelfth Century (1100’s)
When did Hitler become Chancellor?
January 1933
When was the Berlin Wall built?
August 1961
When did Luther nail his 95 Theses to the church wall?
1517
The emperors (Kaiser) of which German nation had only a relatively small amount of power?
das Heilige Römische Reich
How long did the Heilige Römische Reich last?
nearly a 1000 years
Which emperor died in a crusade in the Holy land?
Friedrich I Barbossa
What was the league of Northern European nations in the 13th century?
die Hanse
What was the biggest German country in the 18th century?
Prussia
Who was Otto von Bismarck Chancellor under?
Wilhelm I
After the first world war, what was the capital of the German republic?
Weimer
Into how many zones did the second world war divide Germany?
Four
After the world wars, where did the German people buy all of their goods from?
The Black Market
What took place in Germany with the help of the Marshall Plan?
Die Wiederaufbau (reconstruction)
During the blockade, how did goods come into Germany?
Die Luftbrücke (airlift)
In the year 1949, the government in West Germany was called?
Bundesrepublik
How many Bundeslaender are in Germany?
16
What was the name of the government in East Germany?
die Deutsche Demokratische Republik
According to Marx, what would be the ultimate result of the struggle between the entrepreneurs and the work force?
Victory of the proletariats
Which philosopher lived from 1646-1716?
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Whose reputation was mainly built from the work Der Untergang des Abendlandes?
Oswald Spengler
Who believed that every culture experiences rise and fall stages?
Oswald Spengler
Who believed that the culture of the West was in decline?
Oswald Spengler
Which two philosophers were part of probably the biggest philosophical movement in the 20th century and influenced people far beyond the philosophical world?
Karl Jaspers and Martin Heidegger
Which philosopher was born in Austria and made important contributions to the philosophy of language in his time?
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Who changed the printing press so that there were interchangeable metal parts?
Johannes Gutenberg
Whose life work was the print of the Latin Bible?
Johannes Gutenberg
Who discovered three laws of planetary motion that set the foundation for Newton’s discovery about gravity?
Johannes Kepler
Who was first to support the heliocentric theory that Copernicus proposed?
Johannes Kepler
Who is viewed as the founder of modern-day geography?
Alexander von Humboldt
Whose name is associated with many geographic features in the American continents?
Alexander von Humboldt
Whose lab in the University of Giessen was world famous?
Justus von Liebig
Who dealt with the structure of organic substances?
Justus von Liebig
Whose work greatly enhanced research in agricultural chemistry?
Justus von Liebig
Who worked with physicist Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in spectral analysis?
Robert Wilhelm Bunsen
How big of a role did Robert Wilhelm Bunsen play in inventing the Bunsen burner?
a small one
Who founded modern research in bacteriology?
Robert Koch
Who won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1905?
Robert Koch
Who named X-rays after himself?
Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen
Who made groundbreaking discoveries in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases?
Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen
Who won the first Nobel Prize for PHysics in 1901?
Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen
Who discovered that many diseases caused mental instead of physical disorders?
Sigmund Freud
Whose advances in psychoanalysis were very influential to not only medicine, but arts as well?
Sigmund Freud
Who discovered electromagnetic waves?
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz
Whose advancements in physics led to developments in broadcasting, including TV and radar?
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz
Whose research in thermodynamics led to the discovery of his revolutionary quantum theory in 1900 that paved the way for atomic research?
Max Planck
Who discovered that matter and energy occur in small, indivisible particles?
Max Planck
Who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1918?
Max Planck
Who patented the Diesel motor in 1892?
Rudolf Diesel
Which year did Albert Einstein discover the theory of relativity?
1905
Which year did Albert Einstein win the Nobel Prize for Physics?
1921
In which university was Albert Einstein active in when he came to the US?
Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton
Which three scientists discovered the nuclear fission of uranium in 1938?
Otto Hahn
Fritz Straßmann
Lise Meitner
In what year did Otto Hahn win the Nobel Prize for Chemistry?
1945
Who is known for playing a major role in rocket research in Germany and, after WWII, in the US?
Wernher von Braun
In what year did Wernher von Braun become a US citizen?
1955
Who oversaw the construction and launching of the first American satellite?
Wernher von Braun
Who developed a large rocket that allowed many successful American space trips, including to the moon?
Wernher von Braun
Who was the first president of the Weimar Republic?
Friedrich Ebert
Name the four dates in which German people sought to join as a nation and to have a Parliament
1848- Failure of Parliament
1871- United Germany
1919/1933- Weimar republic with Democratic Constitution
In which Latin-German dictionary is the oldest known record of written German located?
Abrogans
Who was crowned Emperor of the Romans in 800 A.D. in what is now France and Germany?
Charlemagne
What was Hitler’s first attempt to take over the Bavarian government?
Bierhalle Putsch
Which leading author of the Enlightenment actually was better known for his critical essays on German literature such as the Hamburgische Dramaturgie, before he became known for his own writing?
Gotthold E. Lessing
What war began as a religious revolt in Bohemia in 1618?
30 Years War
Who was the military governor of the American occupation zone after World War II?
General Lucius Clay
Whose letter about Texas in 1832 inspired German immigration into Texas?
Friedrich Ernest
Who was the last Habsburg ruler in Austria?
Karl I (1916-1918) (Charles I)
German women were granted the right to vote in what year?
1918
In 1936 German troops were sent into a European country to fight on the side of the fascists. Name this conflict.
Spanish Civil War
What three wars led to the consolidation of the German states and the founding of the German Empire?
Danish War
Austro-Prussian War
Franco-Prussian War
During the Reaction of the Princes issued laws in 1918 that suppressed freedom of the press and academic freedom. Name them.
Karlsbad Decrees
Who discovered the diphtheria antitoxin?
Emil von Behring
Who discovered X-rays?
Röntgen
Who developed differential calculus?
Leibnitz
Whose cantatas, passion, and compositions had a great influence in music later on? He was born into a famous music family and lived from 1685-1750.
Johann Sebastian Bach
Which composer spent most of his life in England and is buried in Westminster Abbey?
Georg Friedrich Handel
Whose work in Baroque-style music was distinguishable by its melody and harmonic shaping?
Georg Friedrich Händel
Who is known for his oratory “Messiah” and for his “Water Music” and “Firework Music”?
Georg Friedrich Händel
Which composer’s style caused music to shift from Baroque-style to Classical?
Franz Josef Haydn
Where did the Allied leaders determine Germany’s future after World War II?
July 1945 Potsdam Conference
Which currency reform was born in 1948, along with the Marshall Plan?
Birth of the D-mark
In 1948, Americans used airlifts to break the Soviet blockade of which German city?
West Berlin
In 1949, which document was created which established the German government?
The German Constitution (Proclomation of the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany on May 23.)
Who was elected chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany in September 1949?
Konrad Adenauer
When was the GDR (German Democratic Republic) established?
October 7, 1949
In 1952, the Federal Republic pledged monetary restitution to who?
Holocaust victims in Israel
Soviet troops did what on June 17, 1953?
Stop uprisings in East Berlin and other GDR cities
What was the name of the vessel upon which the first German settlers to America sailed?
Concord
How many families came from Krefeld to America?
13
How long was the voyage from Krefeld to America?
75 days
In which American city did the settlers from Krefeld live?
Philadelphia
What Frankfurt lawyer founded Germantown, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia, in 1683?
Franz Daniel Pastorius
What famous father/son engineering team designed and built one of the most famous suspension bridges in the world, the Brooklyn Bridge?
Johann August Roebling and Washington Roebling
What German-American came to America as a lawyer and a farmer, supported Lincoln, served as Ambassador to Spain, as a major-general in the Union army, as a senator from Missouri, and as Secretary of the Interior?
Carl Schurz
What German-American was a wealthy businessman and built a famous chain of hotels?
John Jacob Astor
He trained the revolutionary troops for Washington at Valley Forge. He was the first Inspector General of the US Army. Who was he?
Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben
He developed the Saturn-V missile that carried the first man to the moon in 1969. He was interned by the US as a rocket scientist in May, 1945. Who was he?
Wernher von Braun
Who was the famous woodcut artist of St. Louis?
Alfred Waud
Who was the editor of the Encyclopedia Americana and the founder of American political science?
Franz Lieber
Which German monarch was the first to conclude a treaty of commerce with the US?
Frederick II (the Great)
Who constructed the first planetarium in America?
David Rittenhouse
Who was known as the “home run king”?
Babe Ruth
Who constructed the first functioning electric light in 1854, but could not produce them?
Henrich Goebel
Who introduced the black board into the American classroom and published the first book on teaching?
Christopher Dock
What famous German-American invented the punch card system?
Hermann Hollerith
Who was the most famous German-American architect and the founder of the Bauhaus at Dessau?
Walter Gropius
What famous German-American invented the rotor engine in 1858?
Felix Wankel
Who first brewed beer in the colonies in 1642?
Eberhard Pels
What was Maria Ludwig Haye’s nickname in the colonies?
Molly Pitcher
Who drew the most famous picture of Santa Claus?
Thomas Nast
Who established freedom of the press in the US?
Peter Zenger
Who made the first pair of blue jeans?
Levi Strauss
What famous German-American won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921?
Albert Einstein
Who invented the pneumatic brakes for trains?
George Westinghouse
Name the German who worked with gliders and heavier-than-air aircrafts, assisting in forging the way for the success of the Wright Brothers?
Otto Lilienthal
Who were the 2 German-American painters of the 19th century whow ere commissioned to paint works for the capitol in Washington?
Emanuel Gottlob Leutze and Albert Bierstadt
Who was the first German mystic who settled the town of Harmony, Pennsylvania?
George Rapp
Who painted the picture of Washington crossing the Delaware?
Emanuel Leutze
Name the founder of a colony in the Sacramento Valley where gold was discovered in 1848.
Johann Sutter
Who printed the first Bible in America in 1743?
Christopher Sauer
Who was expelled from Germany because he was the editor of a socialist newspaper and later became the mastermind of the General Electric company?
Charles Steinmetz
He was a famous American newspaper editor and radio broadcaster.
H. L. Mencken!
Who was the Lutheran clergyman who led a regiment of German volunteers in the Revolutionary War?
Peter Muhlenberg
Who founded the New York Oratorio and Symphony Societies?
Walter Damrosch
Who wrote a book about the advantages of Missouri soil and climate which induced thousands of Germans to settle there?
Gottfried Duden
What German aquired Manhattan Island from the Indians and later established it as New Amsterdam (now NYC)?
Peter Minnewit
In 1954, Germany’s occupation status was terminated under which treaty?
Paris treaty
Who received the title of Honorary Doctor of music from Oxford University?
Franz Josef Haydn
Who started composing music from an exceptionally young age?
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Who traveled throughout Europe with his older sister and became known as a child prodigy?
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Who is the composer of Eine kleine Nachtmusik?
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Who was the composer of “Die Hochzeit des Figaro”, “Don Giovannni”, and “Die Zauberflöte”?
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Who is the composer of the opera “Fidelio”?
Ludwig van Beethoven
Which composer lost his hearing, but continued to compose?
Ludwig van Beethoven
Who is the composer of “An die Freude”?
Ludwig van Beethoven
Who was a famous composer in the period of transition from Classical to Romantic?
Carl Maria von Weber
Whose work “Der Freisch(ue)tz” laid the groundwork for romantic music and greatly influenced the work of Richard Wagner?
Carl Maria von Weber
Which composer made the best poems of his time more famous?
Franz Schubert
Who composed “Forellenquintett”?
Franz Schubert
What was the name of the first German-language newspaper in Texas?
Galveston Zeitung
Which German community was founded in 1846 under the leadership of Baron Ottfried Hans von Meusebach?
Fredericksburg
Who was the first commissioner-general of the Adelsverein?
Prince Solms von Braunfels
Which 2 men are the famous German-Texan painters and were known for their landscapes?
Lungwitz and Petri
What German-Texan is known as the father of Texas botany and was editor of the New Braunfels Zeitung in 1851?
F. Lindheimer
Who founded the first German town in Texas, Industry, in 1831?
Friedrich Ernst
Who established the first German-English school in Texas?
Hermann Seele in New Braunfels
Who succeeded Prince Solms von Braunfels?
Meusebach
What was the Adelsverein?
The Society for the Protection of German Immigrants in Texas
In 1854 a group of freethinkers and political extremists organized a town along Cypress Creek. Name it.
Comfort
Who was the first publisher of the new Braunfelser Zeitung?
Ferdinand Lindheimer
Name the land grant that the Adelsverein owned in West-Central Texas.
Fisher-Miller Grant
On what day was the town of New Braunfels founded?
Good Friday, 1845
Through which port did most Germans enter Texas?
Indianola
In order for the German settler to remain safe in Fredericksburg, Meusebach signed a peace treaty with what Native American tribe? In what year?
Comanche, 1847
What Germans loyal to the North tried to reach the Union by Mexico, they were massacred by Confederate forces. Name the battle.
battle of the Nueces
Name the popular novel about Texas which had great influence on the immigration of German-speaking Europeans to Texas. It was written by Charles Sealsfield.
The Cabin Book
In which year was the Adelsverein organized?
1842
Who was the Cat Spring descendant of the famous King Ranch?
Robert Justus Kleberg
Who wrote Texanische Lieder?
Hoffman von Fallersleben
The first German colony in Texas was located on the Colorado River. Who organized this colony?
Baron von Bastrop
In what year and in what city was the Order of the Sons of Hermann formed for the first time in Texas?
1861, San Antonio
Who laid out the town of Comfort and when?
Ernst Altgelt, 1854
What paleontologist surveyed Texas flora, fauna, and geology and published his book in 1849 entitled “Texas”?
Dr. Ferdinand Roemer
What German-Texan sculptress was commissioned by the state to do statues of Stephen F Austin and Sam Houston for the 1893 World’s Fair?
Elisabet Ney
In what year and in what town did Jacob Brodbeck fly the first airplane?
1865; Luckenbach, Texas
What well-known writer visited Texas in 1853 and his descriptions are today the best evidence of German life in that time?
Frederick Law Olmstead (NYTIMES)
Who wrote the basic work on Texan immigration history, “The History of the German Settlements in Texas”?
Dr. Rudoph L. Biesele
What German-Texan doctor performed the first hysterectomy in the US and the first cataract surgery? He also set up the first licensing program for young doctors.
Dr. Ferdinand Herff
What 20th century German-Texan developed panoramic photography? He was the only person allowed to photograph George Patton’s entire 14000-man 2nd Armored Division in WWII.
Eugene Goldbeck of San Antonio
What German-Texan family produced three generations of mapmakers, working as topographers for the state from 1856 to 1954?
The Von Rosenbergs
Which Texas city’s voting population was 1/3 German in the 1850’s?
San Antonio
In what century did the largest group of German farmers come to Texas?
19th
In what hotel and in what city did Teddy Roosevelt recruit his Rough Riders?
The Menger hotel Bar in San Antonio
What German-Texan manufactured the first canned chili con carne and tamales?
William Gebhardt
Among German-Texans are a 5-Star general and a 5-star admiral. Name them.
General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower; Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz
Where did the 1848 refugees from the German Revolution settle in Texas? They were well-educated and prominent Germans, often called “Latin farmers”.
Sisterdale
Who was crowned emperor of the Romans in 800 AD by the Pope after uniting a European empire?
Karl der Grosse (or Charlemagne)
Who was crowned first Holy Roman Emperor?
Otto I
What is the German name for the Holy Roman Empire?
das Heilige Romamische Reich Deutscher Nation
Who invented movable type and the printing press?
Johannes Gutenberg
Who, in Mainz around 1450, printed the Latin Bible?
Johannes Gutenberg
Which political system became prominent in the Holy Roman Empire, creating classes of lords and less nobles?
Feudalism
Which famous German King was the ideal Christian knight, who died on the way to the Holy Land on the Third Crusade?
Friedrich I Barbarossa
Who shook the foundation of medieval thought by proposing that Earth was not the center of the universe, but rather it and other planets go around the sun?
Nicolaus Copernicus
Who further developed the ideas of Copernicus by preparing tales of the motions of planets?
Johannes Kepler
Who formulated three mathematical laws of planetary motion?
Johannes Kepler
From 1524-1525, what broke out due to Luther’s ideas?
A Peasent Revolt
Which country emerged in the 18th century as the most prominent of several German states?
Prussia
Who made important discoveries in the chemistry of organic substances while working on the synthesis of indigo dye?
Adolf von Baeyer
What were the two relgious groups that formed in Germany in 1608-1609?
In the North- Protestant Union. South- Catholic Liga
Which German scientist received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1905 for his contribution to the development of the German chemical industry?
Adolf von Baeyer
Which war occured from 1618 to 1648 between Protestants and Catholics?
Thirty Years’ war
Which German scientist isolated and identified the tuberculosis bacillus and developed the tuberculin test?
Robert Koch
Who became Prussian king in 1740? He was known as an enlightened despot, who supported arts and literature.
Friedrich II, or Friedrich der Grosse
Who developed a technique for staining bacteria on microscope slides so they could be observed with greater clarity? He received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1905.
Robert Koch
Who led the French imperial armies to overrun Germany, defeating the Holy Roman Empire in 1806?
Napoleon
Which German scientist discovered the penetrating qualities of X rays in 1895 almost by accident and thus received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1901?
Wilhelm Roentgen
Who set the stage for the development of psychology and psychiatry in the 1900s?
Sigmund Freud
Which war lasted from 1870-1871, resulting in France’s defeat, consolidating the German states under the leadership of Wilhelm I?
The Franco-Prussian War
Who was WilhelmI’s Reinchskanzler?
Otto von Bismarck
Who succeeded Wilhelm I in 1888? He played an active role in world affairs, and removed Bismarck in 1890
Wilhelm II
In what city was Charles the Great born?
Aachen
At the end of WW2 what river and what city were near the meeting place for the Soviets coming from the east and the Americans coming from the west?
die Elbe, Torgau
Who introduced the concepts of psychoneurosis, the Oedipus complex, the unconscious, the id, the ego, and the superego to clinical psychology?
Sigmund Freud
Who founded psychoanalysis, a method of treating certain psychological disorders by uncovering the unconscious sources of the patient’s distress?
Sigmund Freud
Who discovered the existence of electromagnetic waves and thereby laid the foundations for the development of radio, TV, and radar?
Heinrich Rudolph Hertz
Who introduced the quantum theory in 1900?
Max Planck
Where did Hitler march on November 9, 1923?
Munich Rathaus
What was the original name of the Nazi Party?
German Workers Party
What was Hitler’s regime called?
The third Reich (or das Dritte Reich)
Who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918, and today there are 38 institutions in West Germany named after him.
Max Planck
What was the real currency of the post WWII era?
cigarettes
What were the occupation zones in Germany called?
Besatzungszonen
Who strongly influenced modern physics by establishing a theory of relativity that created new concepts of space, time, mass, motion, and gravitation?
Albert Einstein
What was the West Germany period of reconstruction called?
Wiederaufbau
In what two years were the Winter Olympics held in Innsbruck?
1964, 1976
Who established the convertibility of matter and energy, which provided the basis for the development of atomic energy.
Albert Einstein
Who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921?
Albert Einstein
Which scientist left Germany in 1933 and spent the rest of his life in the US?
Albert Einstein
What was the currency reform of June 1948?
Wahrungsreform
What was the new official currency?
Deutsche Mark (DM)
What was the economic miracle that was accomplished in the decades following 1948 spurred by United States aid via the Marshall plan?
Wirtschaftswunder
How many Lander and Freistadte composed the Bundesrepublik?
8 lander and 3 Freistadte
What are the two houses that compose the German parliament?
Bundesrat and Bundestag
Which two political parties emerged in West Germany?
CDU und SPD
Who was the initial leader of East Germany?
Walter Ulbricht
Who replaced Walter Ulbricht as leader of East Germany?
Erich Honecker
What is die Besatzung?
the military occupation
What is die Blockade?
Soviet stoppage of surface transporation between West Germany and Berlin
What is der Bund
union or confederation
What is die Burg
castle or fortification
What is der Eiserne Vorhang?
The iron curtain
What is die Waffenstillstand
The armistice
What was die Luftbrucke?
Transportation of goods into Berlin during the blockade
What was die Mauer?
The berlin wall
In what year did the two Germanies become members of the UN?
1973
Who was the mayor of Berlin who late became Chancellor?
Willy Brandt
What war was started with the murder of Crown Prince Franz Ferdinand of Austria?
Word War I
Give the name if the emperor of Germany in 1871?
Kaiser Wilhelm I
Where was Mozart born?
Salzburg
What famous composer was born in Salzburg?
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Give the official name for Germany
Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Give the official name for the former East Germany
Die Deutsche Demokratische Republik
Who is known as the Vienese Waltz King?
Johann Strauss
When did World War 2 end in Europe?
May 8, 1945
When did World War 2 begin?
September 1, 1939
What country did Germany invade to begin WW 2?
Poland
What famous American said “Ich bin ein Berliner”?
John F. Kennedy
Who was known as the Iron Chancellor?
Otto von Bismark
Where was Goethe born?
Frankfurt
What is the German name for NSDAP?
Nationalsozialistiche Deutsche Arbeiterpartei
How many members are there in the Federal Council?
41
What kind of government does the DDR have in contrast to the BRD?
A central government
Of the 15 administrative districts, how many deputies are there?
500
Which two parties are particularly important?
CDU (Christlich-Demokratische Union)
SPD (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands)
Who was the first chancellor of Germany?
Konrad Adenauer (1949-1963)
Who was the second and third chancellor of Germany that were from the CDU party, respectively?
Ludwig Erhard (1963) Kurt Kiesinger (1966)
Who was the first chancellor from the SPD?
Willy Brandt
When did Brandt win the Nobel Prize for Peace?
1971
Who succeeded Willy Brandt?
Helmut Kohl
What party controlled East Germany before reunification?
SED (Sozialiistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands)
Who were the first and second secretaries of the SED?
Walter Ulbricht (1945) Erich Honecker (1971)
When was the Berlin Wall built?
- August 1961
When the Soviet Union cut off supplies to West Berlin, how did the people survive?
The US flew in necessities for the people of West Berlin
What happened on June 17th 1953?
There was a strike in opposition of communism
From 1949-1961 how many people fled the East?
1 800 000
When did the Berlin Wall fall?
- November 1989
Who were the Hohenzollern?
A ruling dynasty of Brandenburg, Prussia, and Germany from 1415-1918
What was the Marshall Plan?
A European recovery program in which the US would spend billions of dollars to help rebuild Western Europe after WWII
When was German reunification?
3 October 1990
When was the Deutschmark introduced?
1 July 1990
Why did Germans from the East go to embassies of West Germany in Prague, Budapest, and Warsaw?
To flee East Germany
Who was the unified nation’s first chancellor?
Helmut Kohl
Who was the first chancellor of Germany?
Konrad Adenauer (1949-1963)
What party controlled East Germany before reunification?
SED (Sozialiistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands)
When was German reunification?
3 October 1990
When was the Deutschmark introduced?
1 July 1990
On October 9, 1989, which famous protest occured in Leipzig?
Wir sind das Volk
Who replaced Erich Honecker as leader of East Germany?
Egon Krenz
On November 7, 1989, what happened in East Germany?
The government resigned
When was the Berlin Wall opened?
November 9, 1989
Who created the ten point program leading to German unity?
Chancellor Helmut Kohl of West Germany
What happened on April 12, 1990?
The first and last free elections are held in East Germany
Who was elected as the Prime minister of the GDR in 1990?
Lothar de Maiziere
Which treaty was signed on May 18, 1990?
The Treaty between the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic Establishing a Monetary Economic and Social Union
What happened on July 1, 1990?
The two German countries became a monetary, economic, and social union.
When was the Unification Treaty signed?
August 31, 1990
When were the first all German elections to the Bundestag held?
December 2, 1990
Give teh German name of Otto’s Holy Roman Empire.
das Heilige Römische Reich Deutscher Nation
Which Hapsburg was assassinated in Sarajavo, Bosnia, in 1914, precipitating WWI?
Archduke Francis Ferdinand
What is the term of office for the Federal President of Germany?
5 jahre
This native of Bavaria came to California in the Gold Rush, but became rich for producing denim workpants. Name him.
Levi Strauss
Name the historic border crossing point between Soviet and American sectors of Berlin.
Checkpoint Charlie
When invading Poland, Germany combined massive airstrikes with fast moving mechanized ground forces to defeat the enemy in a short amount of time. What are these tactics called?
Blitzkrieg
Who was the first president of the Federal Republic of Germany?
Theodor Heuss
Who ended the Holy Roman Empire in 1806?
Napoleon Bonaparte
Which German city was founded by the Romans as Augusta Vindelcorum?
Augsburg
What German immigrand paid the Indians 60 guilders for Manhattan Island?
Peter Minuit
In what year was the constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany signed?
1949
Who was the most powerful Prussian king of the 18th century?
Frederick the Great
Give the German name for the Emperor of Germany in 1871.
Kaiser Wilhelm I
Which German Texas settlement was founded on Good Friday, 1845?
New Braunfels
Name the three most important rulers of Prussia.
Friedrich Wilhelm, Friedrich I, Friedrich II
Give the dates for the Thirty Years War.
1618-1648
What mayor of Berlin later became a German Chancellor?
Willy Brandt
What was the main result of the Nuremberg Laws?
They deprived Jews of citizenship
In November 1923, right-wing extremists tried to topple the government of Bavaria and establish a new one. Name the event and the leader of these extremists.
Munich Putsch(Beer Hall Putsch)/ Adolf Hitler
Installed as Emperor of Mexico by Napolean III in 1863, which Hapsburg was overthrown and executed by Mexican patriots?
Maximillian
Who is known as the father of the Wirtschaftswunder (economic miracle) after World War II?
Ludwig Erhard
What government institution was set up and put in charge of state-owned enterprises in the former East Germany with the task of restructuring and privatizing them? It functioned from 1990 untill 1994.
Treuhand
Who was the military governor of the American occupation zone?
General Lucius Clay
In 485 the Franks conquered the last bastion of Rome in Germanic lands. Name this city.
Cologne
Give the day, month, and year that world war II ended in Europe.
May 8, 1945
Give the year the Berlin wall went up and the year it went down.
1961 and 1989
Which world leader said, “Ich bin ein Berliner.”
John F. Kennedy
A period of Civil War racked the Holy Roman Empire from the death of Emperor Fredrick II in 1250 until 1273 when a new Emperor was finally instated. What was this period called?
the Great Interregnum
Who was the first chancellor of the Austrian Republic?
Karl Renner
Name the presidends of the Austrian Republic in chronological order. Last names will suffice.
Renner, Körner, Schärf, Jonas, Kirchschläger, Waldheim, and Klestil
Give the day, month, and year World War 2 started.
September 1, 1939
In which city and in what year did Martin Luther tack up his 95 theses?
Wittenburg 1517
