History & Politics Flashcards
Who is the chancellor of Germany?
Angela Merkel
Who is the chancellor of Austria?
Sebastian Kurz
Who is the prince of Liechtenstein?
Hans-Adam II
Who is the crown prince of Liechtenstein?
Alois
Who is the head of government of Liechtenstein?
Adrian Hasler
Who is the federal president of Germany?
Frank-Walter Steinmeier
Who is the federal president of Austria?
Alexander Van der Bellen
After the Second World War, what fraction of Germany was removed from its territory?
One-fourth (A quarter of it’s territory was lost)
How many parts was Germany divided into after the Second World War and who controlled each of those parts?
4 parts; US, USSR, France, Great Britain
In 1948, what plan did the US enact to help Germany out of its economic crisis?
The Marshall Plan
What was the capital of West Germany and how many Bundesländer composed it?
Bonn and 11
How many members are in the Bundesrat?
69
How many members are in the Bundestag?
622
What is the major industrial component of West Berlin?
Electronic Components
Name the three castles built by Ludwig II in Bavaria.
Neuschwanstein, Linderhof, Herrenchiemsee
What German-American drew the first Santa Claus as we know him today?
Thomas Nast
Who was the father of the Atomic Bomb?
Robert Oppenheimer
Where are these three famous people buried? The Three Wise Men, Händel, Karl der Große (Charlemagne)? (respectively)
Köln, Westminster Abbey, Aachen
Name the three castles Ludwig II built and name the one he never completed.
Linderhof, Herrenchiemsee, Neuschwanstein (not completed)
What famous historical event is performed in Rothenburg ob der Tauber?
Meistertrunk
In what year did Switzerland unite?
1291
What are the four official languages of Switzerland?
Romansch, Italian, French, German
When did Switzerland adopt a policy of neutrality?
1815
In which castle did Martin Luther translate the bible into German?
die Wartburg
Who wrote Die Kritik der reinen Vernunft?
Immanuel Kant
Who argued that human knowledge comes from experience?
Immanuel Kant
Who argued that the laws of morality should be obeyed regardless of personal consequences?
Immanuel Kant
Which philosopher lived from 1724-1804?
Immanuel Kant
Who believed that life was a drama of endless strife and suffering?
Arthur Schopenhauer
Which philosopher lived from 1788-1860?
Arthur Schopenhauer
Who believed that suffering could be relieved by renouncing desire and negating the will?
Arthur Schopenhauer
Which philosopher believed that suffering could be relieved by contemplation of fine arts?
Arthur Schopenhauer
Who wrote Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung?
Arthur Schopenhauer
Who had a special interest in history?
Georg Friedrich Hegel
Who saw history as a reflection of God’s will?
Georg Friedrich Hegel
Who believed that God’s will was revealed through progressions of changes resulting from conflict between opposing forces in society?
Georg Friedrich Hegel
Who believed that the thesis and the antithesis clash to create a new stage in social evolution called the synthesis?
Georg Friedrich Hegel
Who applied Hegel’s philosophy to economics?
Karl Marx
Who concluded that communism is the economic synthesis that Hegel talked about?
Karl Marx
Who believed that management and labor were the thesis and antithesis in economics?
Karl Marx
Who wrote Das Kapital?
Karl Marx
Which philosopher lived from 1818-1883?
Karl Marx
Which philosopher lived from 1770-1831?
Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Hegel
Who wrote Also sprach Zarathustra?
Friedrich Nietzsche
Who wrote Jenseits von Gut und Böse?
Friedrich Nietzsche
Who attacked Christianity as something that represses the creativity of man by forcing a mold upon us?
Friedrich Nietzsche
Who believed that the source of all creativity is a will to power?
Friedrich Nietzsche
Who believed that the hope of mankind lies in the emergence of the Übermensch?
Friedrich Nietzsche
Which philosopher lived from 1844-1900?
Friedrich Nietzsche
Whose work led to calculus and symbolic logic?
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Whose work was mainly in the fields of mathematics and philosophy?
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Who believed that everything is in this world for the best?
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Who believed that man should be satisfied with what he has?
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Whose philosophy consists of the idea of the categorical imperative?
Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant describes the confinement of human understanding in which book?
Die Kritik der reinen Vernunft
In which book does Immanuel Kant describe his idea of the categorical imperative?
Der Kritik der praktischen Vernunft
Which philosophy states that man should fulfill his duty regardless of the consequences?
categorical imperative/kategorischen Imperativs
Whose philosophy was based on historical development and a summary of all existing theories and ideas?
Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Hegel
Who is recognized as the author of the history of philosophy?
Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Hegel
Who was known as the pessimistic philosopher?
Arthur Schopenhauer
Who wrote in prose style and stated that uncomprehending will was the final human reality?
Arthur Schopenhauer
Which German-born politician played an important role (Secretary of the Interior) in America during the time of Lincoln?
Carl Schurz
Who was the founder of freedom of the press in America?
Peter Zenger
In which city was Albrecht Dürer born?
Nürnberg/Nuremburg
Which German scientist isolated the tuberculosis bacterium?
Robert Koch
Which area near Philadelphia was founded by Germans?
Germantown
Who invented the oil motor?
Rudolf Diesel
Who is the father of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
Who is known as the father of the German language for translating the Bible into German?
Martin Luther
Where is the oldest German university?
Heidelberg
Which city is famous for the production of Marzipan?
Lübeck
Who was the most powerful Prussian king of the 18th century?
Frederick the Great (Friedrich der Große)
Which philosopher wrote about a new race of super humans?
Frederich Nietzsche
On October 6, 1683, which settlement was founded?
Germantown
Who helped train American troops in the Revolutionary War in 1778?
Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben
In 1785, which treaty was signed between the King of Prussia and the United States?
Treaty of Amity and Commerce
Which 1787 document served as a model for the German Basic Law?
US Constitution
Which rally was held to demand an all German federal Constitution in 1832?
The Hambach Festival
What met in St Paul’s Church in Frankfurt?
The first German National Assembly
In 1871, who became the German Kaiser of the German Reich?
Prussian King Wilhelm I
Who became Wilhelm I’s chancellor?
Otto von Bismarck
When did the United States enter World War I?
April 6, 1917
In 1919, the National Assembly drew up a constitution for what nation?
The Weimar Republic
In 1933, which important change in leadership occurred, causing emigration to the United States?
Hitler became chancellor
Which action began World War II?
Hitler’s invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939
When did Germany surrender unconditionally in World War II?
May 8, 1945
When was the coronation of Karl der Große?
800
When did the Berlin blockade begin?
June of 1948
When was the Thirty Years War?
1618-1648
What was the East Berlin workers’ revolt?
June 17, 1953
What was the year of the inflation and Hitler’s Putsch?
1923
When did das Heilige Römische Reich come to an end?
1806
When was die Hanse established?
Twelfth Century (1100’s)
When did Hitler become Chancellor?
January 1933
When was the Berlin Wall built?
August 1961
When did Luther nail his 95 Theses to the church wall?
1517
The emperors (Kaiser) of which German nation had only a relatively small amount of power?
das Heilige Römische Reich
How long did the Heilige Römische Reich last?
nearly a 1000 years
Which emperor died in a crusade in the Holy land?
Friedrich I Barbossa
What was the league of Northern European nations in the 13th century?
die Hanse
What was the biggest German country in the 18th century?
Prussia
Who was Otto von Bismarck Chancellor under?
Wilhelm I
After the first world war, what was the capital of the German republic?
Weimer
Into how many zones did the second world war divide Germany?
Four
After the world wars, where did the German people buy all of their goods from?
The Black Market
What took place in Germany with the help of the Marshall Plan?
Die Wiederaufbau (reconstruction)
During the blockade, how did goods come into Germany?
Die Luftbrücke (airlift)
In the year 1949, the government in West Germany was called?
Bundesrepublik
How many Bundeslaender are in Germany?
16
What was the name of the government in East Germany?
die Deutsche Demokratische Republik
According to Marx, what would be the ultimate result of the struggle between the entrepreneurs and the work force?
Victory of the proletariats
Which philosopher lived from 1646-1716?
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Whose reputation was mainly built from the work Der Untergang des Abendlandes?
Oswald Spengler
Who believed that every culture experiences rise and fall stages?
Oswald Spengler
Who believed that the culture of the West was in decline?
Oswald Spengler
Which two philosophers were part of probably the biggest philosophical movement in the 20th century and influenced people far beyond the philosophical world?
Karl Jaspers and Martin Heidegger
Which philosopher was born in Austria and made important contributions to the philosophy of language in his time?
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Who changed the printing press so that there were interchangeable metal parts?
Johannes Gutenberg
Whose life work was the print of the Latin Bible?
Johannes Gutenberg
Who discovered three laws of planetary motion that set the foundation for Newton’s discovery about gravity?
Johannes Kepler
Who was first to support the heliocentric theory that Copernicus proposed?
Johannes Kepler
Who is viewed as the founder of modern-day geography?
Alexander von Humboldt
Whose name is associated with many geographic features in the American continents?
Alexander von Humboldt
Whose lab in the University of Giessen was world famous?
Justus von Liebig
Who dealt with the structure of organic substances?
Justus von Liebig
Whose work greatly enhanced research in agricultural chemistry?
Justus von Liebig
Who worked with physicist Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in spectral analysis?
Robert Wilhelm Bunsen
How big of a role did Robert Wilhelm Bunsen play in inventing the Bunsen burner?
a small one
Who founded modern research in bacteriology?
Robert Koch
Who won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1905?
Robert Koch
Who named X-rays after himself?
Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen
Who made groundbreaking discoveries in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases?
Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen
Who won the first Nobel Prize for PHysics in 1901?
Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen
Who discovered that many diseases caused mental instead of physical disorders?
Sigmund Freud
Whose advances in psychoanalysis were very influential to not only medicine, but arts as well?
Sigmund Freud
Who discovered electromagnetic waves?
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz
Whose advancements in physics led to developments in broadcasting, including TV and radar?
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz
Whose research in thermodynamics led to the discovery of his revolutionary quantum theory in 1900 that paved the way for atomic research?
Max Planck
Who discovered that matter and energy occur in small, indivisible particles?
Max Planck
Who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1918?
Max Planck
Who patented the Diesel motor in 1892?
Rudolf Diesel
Which year did Albert Einstein discover the theory of relativity?
1905
Which year did Albert Einstein win the Nobel Prize for Physics?
1921
In which university was Albert Einstein active in when he came to the US?
Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton
Which three scientists discovered the nuclear fission of uranium in 1938?
Otto Hahn
Fritz Straßmann
Lise Meitner
In what year did Otto Hahn win the Nobel Prize for Chemistry?
1945
Who is known for playing a major role in rocket research in Germany and, after WWII, in the US?
Wernher von Braun
In what year did Wernher von Braun become a US citizen?
1955
Who oversaw the construction and launching of the first American satellite?
Wernher von Braun
Who developed a large rocket that allowed many successful American space trips, including to the moon?
Wernher von Braun
Who was the first president of the Weimar Republic?
Friedrich Ebert
Name the four dates in which German people sought to join as a nation and to have a Parliament
1848- Failure of Parliament
1871- United Germany
1919/1933- Weimar republic with Democratic Constitution
In which Latin-German dictionary is the oldest known record of written German located?
Abrogans
Who was crowned Emperor of the Romans in 800 A.D. in what is now France and Germany?
Charlemagne
What was Hitler’s first attempt to take over the Bavarian government?
Bierhalle Putsch
Which leading author of the Enlightenment actually was better known for his critical essays on German literature such as the Hamburgische Dramaturgie, before he became known for his own writing?
Gotthold E. Lessing
What war began as a religious revolt in Bohemia in 1618?
30 Years War
Who was the military governor of the American occupation zone after World War II?
General Lucius Clay
Whose letter about Texas in 1832 inspired German immigration into Texas?
Friedrich Ernest
Who was the last Habsburg ruler in Austria?
Karl I (1916-1918) (Charles I)
German women were granted the right to vote in what year?
1918
In 1936 German troops were sent into a European country to fight on the side of the fascists. Name this conflict.
Spanish Civil War
What three wars led to the consolidation of the German states and the founding of the German Empire?
Danish War
Austro-Prussian War
Franco-Prussian War
During the Reaction of the Princes issued laws in 1918 that suppressed freedom of the press and academic freedom. Name them.
Karlsbad Decrees
Who discovered the diphtheria antitoxin?
Emil von Behring
