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Certamen Roman Life > History People and Places You Need to Know 753 BC - 201 BC > Flashcards

History People and Places You Need to Know 753 BC - 201 BC Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the following

7 Hills of Rome

A

Palatine, Aventine, Esquiline, Capitoline, Caelian, Quirinal, and Viminal

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2
Q

Describe the following

Alba Longa

A

City where the founders of Rome (Romulus and Remus) were from.

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3
Q

Describe the following

Amulius

A

Evil king of Alba Longa; grand-uncle to Romulus and Remus

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4
Q

Describe the following

Faustulus

A

Shepherd who raised Romulus and Remus

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5
Q

Describe the following

Numitor

A

Grandfather of Romulus and Remus

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6
Q

Describe the following

Remus

A

Brother of Romulus; founded his city on the Aventine Hill

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7
Q

Describe the following

Rhea Silvia

A

Mother of Romulus and Remus with Mars

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8
Q

Describe the following

Romulus

A

First King of Rome; established his city on the Palatine Hill; becomes deified as Quirinus

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9
Q

Describe the following

Tarpeia

A

Woman who betrayed the Romans for the Sabines; asked for “What was on their left arms” (assuming to be bracelets) and she would let the Sabines into the city; Sabines gave her their shields instead (as in they bashed her with their shields, which were technically on their left arms)

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10
Q

Describe the following

Titus Tatius

A

Sabine king who co-ruled with Romulus

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11
Q

Describe the following

Numa Pompilius

A

Second king of Rome; peace bringer; brought religion to Rome; established the calendar; brought the cult of Vesta; established Temple of Janus; said to have a nymph consort named Egeria

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12
Q

Describe the following

Horatii & Curiatii

A

Two sets of triplets who fought during the reign of Tullus Hostilius; Horatii=Roman, Curiatii=Alba Longan; Horatii win

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13
Q

Describe the following

Tullus Hostilius

A

Third King of Rome; destroyed Alba Longa; built the Curia

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14
Q

Describe the following

Ancus Marcius

A

4th King of Rome; built the first bridge across the Tiber at Rome (the Pons Sublicius), captured the salt pits at the Tiber’s mouth from the Etruscans, and founded the port city of Ostia.

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15
Q

Describe the following

Tanaquil

A

Wife of Tarquinius Priscus; associated with detected several prophesies, namely of Tarquinius Priscus and Servius Tullius

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16
Q

Describe the following

Tarquinius Priscus

A

Fifth King of Rome; while on his way to Rome, and eagle took his cap, flew off, and then returned it; Tanaquil interpreted this as a sign; Priscus=”The Elder”; he is known to have drained the Forum, begun construction of the Circus Maximus, and begun construction of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus

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17
Q

Describe the following

Servius Tullius

A

Sixth King of Rome; son of slave woman Ocrisia; his hair appeared to burn without harming him; Tanaquil sees omen and declares him Priscus’ successor; built a wall around Rome (Servian Wall) and a Temple of Diana on the Aventine

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18
Q

Describe the following

Tarquinius Superbus

A

Seventh King of Rome; Superbus = “The Proud”; Finished construction of Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus; His son, Sextus, led to the fall of the Monarchy because he raped a woman by the name of Lucretia

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19
Q

Describe the following

Tullia

A

Daughter of Servius Tullius who murdered her first husband, married Tarquinius Superbus, and then helped Superbus murder her father

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20
Q

Describe the following

Collatinus

A

Husband of Lucretia; one of the first consuls of Rome

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21
Q

Describe the following

Etruria/Etruscans

A

Region in Italia slightly north of Latium (area where Rome is)

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22
Q

Describe the following

L. Junius Brutus

A

One of the first consuls of Rome

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23
Q

Describe the following

Horatius Cocles

A

Cocles=”One-Eyed”; single-handedly fought off the Etruscans on the Pons Sublicius

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24
Q

Describe the following

Lars Porsenna

A

King of Etruria; Helped Tarquinius Superbus when Superbus was exiled from Rome

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25
Q

Describe the following

Mucius Scaevola

A

prisoner of Lars Porsenna who became known as “Lefty” because he thrust his right hand into a fire to show his courage to Lars Porsenna, and so Lars released him

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26
Q

Describe the following

Cloelia

A

swam across the Tiber River to escape Lars Porsenna

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27
Q

Describe the following

Lake Regillus

A

Battle in 496 BC where the Romans defeat the Latin League

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28
Q

Describe the following

Coriolanus

A

Defeated Volscians at Corioli; Later becomes the Volscian general and marches on Rome after Rome exile him; Coriolanus’ wife (Volumnia) and mother (Veturia) convince him to stop

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29
Q

Describe the following

Volsci

A

Italian tribe who Coriolanus first defeats, then becomes their general after Rome exiles him

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30
Q

Describe the following

Aequi

A

Tribe that fought Cincinnatus on Mount Algidus in 458 BC

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31
Q

Describe the following

Cincinnatus

A

fought the Aequi at Mount Algidus in 458 BC; “left his plow” to be dictator for only 16 days, then returned to his plow

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32
Q

Describe the following

Mt. Algidus

A

Battle of 458 BC where Cincinnatus defeated the Aequi

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33
Q

Describe the following

Appius Claudius Decemvir

A

Head of Decemviri, group designed to construct Laws of the 12 Tables; wrongfully attempted to enslave the plebeian maiden Verginia

34
Q

Describe the following

Verginia

A

Name of woman who Appius Claudius the Decemvir tried to enslave

35
Q

Describe the following

Verginius

A

Father of Verginia; murders her so that Appius Claudius cannot enslave her

36
Q

Describe the following

Veii

A

City near Rome who fought with Rome on several occasions in the early Republic

37
Q

Describe the following

M. Furius Camillus

A

“Second Founder of Rome”; captures Veii in 396 BC

38
Q

Describe the following

Brennus

A

Gallic Chieftain who defeats Rome at the Battle of Alia River in 390 BC; famously said “Vae Victis” (“Woe to the Conquered”)

39
Q

Describe the following

Gauls/Senones

A

Roman term for the Celtic people of the north; Senones were the tribe that sacked Rome at the Battle of Allia River in 390 BC

40
Q

Describe the following

M. Manlius

A

heard the “cackling geese of Juno” and alerted everyone of the attack on Rome in 390 BC

41
Q

Describe the following

Lex Licinia-Sextia

A

Law of 367 BC which required there to be one plebian and one patrician consul each year

42
Q

Describe the following

Samnites

A

Italian tribe who fought three wars against Rome

43
Q

Describe the following

Caudine Forks

A

Roman defeat against Samnites in 321 BC during Second Samnite War

44
Q

Describe the following

Appius Claudius Caecus/Censor

A

Builder of the Appian Way in 312 BC as well as fist high-level aqueduct, Aqua Appia; Caecus means “the Blind”

45
Q

Describe the following

Decius Mus

A

General at Battle of Sentinum; perfored act of “devotio” to win battle

46
Q

Describe the following

Sentinum

A

Battle in 295 BC during the Third Samnite War; Roman victory after Decius Mus performs an act of devotio to encourage his troops

47
Q

Describe the following

Q. Hortensius (dictator)/ Lex Hortensia

A

wrote Lex Hortensia to resolve the last secession of the plebs. Lex: all resolutions passed by plebians were binding on all citizens

48
Q

Describe the following

Heraclea

A

First battle of Pyrrhic War in 280 BC

49
Q

Describe the following

Pyrrhus

A

King of Epirus (city in Greece) who came to the aid of Tarentum to fight the Romans in the Pyrrhic War

50
Q

Describe the following

Tarentum

A

City in Italy that sought the aid of Pyrrhus of Epirus against the Romans, thus initiating the Pyrrhic War

51
Q

Describe the following

Asculum

A

Second Battle of Pyrrhic War in 279 BC; Pyrrhus wins but at too great a price; known as a “Pyrrhic Victory”

52
Q

Describe the following

Fabricius

A

refused a bribe from Pyrrhus

53
Q

Describe the following

Beneventum

A

Final battle of the Pyrrhic War in 275 BC; Rome wins

54
Q

Describe the following

Mamertines

A

group of mercenaries in Sicily whose aid Rome came to, thus causing the First Punic War

55
Q

Describe the following

Messana/Straits of Messana

A

Area between Sicily and the tip of Italy where the First Punic War began

56
Q

Describe the following

Carthage

A

Fought 3 wars with Rome: 1st Punic War (264 BC - 241 BC), 2nd Punic War (218 BC - 201 BC), and 3rd Punic War (149 BC - 146 BC)

57
Q

Describe the following

C. Duilius

A

Successful general at the Battle of Mylae in 260 BC; used corvus (a spiked gang plank) to win

58
Q

Describe the following

Mylae

A

First naval victory for Rome in 260 BC during the First Punic War

59
Q

Describe the following

Regulus

A

Roman commander during the First Punic War; was captured by Carthaginians; they asked him return to Rome, tell Rome to stop fighting, and come back to be executed; Regulus did everything except tell Rome to stop fighting, he instead encouraged them to keep on fighting

60
Q

Describe the following

Hamilcar Barca

A

Carthaginian general towards the end of the First Punic War

61
Q

Describe the following

Syracuse

A

Major city in Sicily

62
Q

Describe the following

Drepanum

A

Battle in 249 BC during the First Punic War; Roman defeat; before battle Claudius Pulcher threw sacred chickens overboard, thus ensuring their defeat

63
Q

Describe the following

P. Claudius Pulcher

A

Romen general who threw the sacred chickens overboard and thus ensured the Roman defeat of Drepanum in 249 BC during the First Punic War

64
Q

Describe the following

Xanthippus

A

Spartan mercenary who the Carthaginians hire during the First Punic War

65
Q

Describe the following

Aegates Islands

A

Last battle of the 1st Punic War; Rome wins.

66
Q

Describe the following

Corsica

A

One of the two islands to become Rome’s second province

67
Q

Describe the following

Lutatius Catulus

A

Victorious Roman general at Battle of Aegates Islands in 241 BC

68
Q

Describe the following

Sardinia

A

One of the two islands two become Rome’s second province after the First Punic War

69
Q

Describe the following

M. Claudius Marcellus

A

Third and final receiver of the spolia opima; did so at the Battle of Clastidium in 222 BC by defeating Viridomarus in hand-to-hand combat

70
Q

Describe the following

Teuta

A

Queen of Illyria during the Illyrian War, a minor war between the First and Second Punic Wars

71
Q

Describe the following

Ebro River

A

River that Carthaginians were not allowed to cross; Hannibal crosses it and thus begins the Second Punic War

72
Q

Describe the following

Hannibal

A

Carthaginian general during Second Punic War

73
Q

Describe the following

Saguntum

A

City sacked by Hannibal in 218 BC which initiates the Second Punic War

74
Q

Describe the following

Lake Trasimene

A

Battle in 217 BC during the Second Punic War; Romans lose to Carthaginians

75
Q

Describe the following

Cannae

A

Major Roman defeat during 2nd Punic War; known as Rome’s greatest defeat

76
Q

Describe the following

Q. Fabius Maximus Cunctator

A

Known as the “delayer” for his delaying tactics during the former half of the Second Punic War

77
Q

Describe the following

P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus

A

Roman general during the latter half of the Second Punic War who had several victories

78
Q

Describe the following

Syphax

A

Numidian king who assisted Carthaginians during Second Punic War

79
Q

Describe the following

Hasdrubal

A

Brother of Hannibal; dies at Battle of Metaurus River in 207 BC

80
Q

Describe the following

Metaurus River

A

Battle of 207 BC during the Second Punic War where the Romans defeat the Carthaginian general Hasdrubal

81
Q

Describe the following

Zama

A

Final Battle in 202 BC during the Second Punic War

82
Q

Describe the following

C. Flaminius

A

Consul of 198 BC; took command in Macedonia; defeated Philip V of Macedon at Cynoscephalae in 197 BC; declared all Greeks to be free

Certamen Roman Life (6 decks)

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