History People and Places You Need to Know 753 BC - 201 BC

Question 1

Describe the following

7 Hills of Rome

Answer 1

Palatine, Aventine, Esquiline, Capitoline, Caelian, Quirinal, and Viminal

Question 2

Describe the following

Alba Longa

Answer 2

City where the founders of Rome (Romulus and Remus) were from.

Question 3

Describe the following

Amulius

Answer 3

Evil king of Alba Longa; grand-uncle to Romulus and Remus

Question 4

Describe the following

Faustulus

Answer 4

Shepherd who raised Romulus and Remus

Question 5

Describe the following

Numitor

Answer 5

Grandfather of Romulus and Remus

Question 6

Describe the following

Remus

Answer 6

Brother of Romulus; founded his city on the Aventine Hill

Question 7

Describe the following

Rhea Silvia

Answer 7

Mother of Romulus and Remus with Mars

Question 8

Describe the following

Romulus

Answer 8

First King of Rome; established his city on the Palatine Hill; becomes deified as Quirinus

Question 9

Describe the following

Tarpeia

Answer 9

Woman who betrayed the Romans for the Sabines; asked for “What was on their left arms” (assuming to be bracelets) and she would let the Sabines into the city; Sabines gave her their shields instead (as in they bashed her with their shields, which were technically on their left arms)

Question 10

Describe the following

Titus Tatius

Answer 10

Sabine king who co-ruled with Romulus

Question 11

Describe the following

Numa Pompilius

Answer 11

Second king of Rome; peace bringer; brought religion to Rome; established the calendar; brought the cult of Vesta; established Temple of Janus; said to have a nymph consort named Egeria

Question 12

Describe the following

Horatii & Curiatii

Answer 12

Two sets of triplets who fought during the reign of Tullus Hostilius; Horatii=Roman, Curiatii=Alba Longan; Horatii win

Question 13

Describe the following

Tullus Hostilius

Answer 13

Third King of Rome; destroyed Alba Longa; built the Curia

Question 14

Describe the following

Ancus Marcius

Answer 14

4th King of Rome; built the first bridge across the Tiber at Rome (the Pons Sublicius), captured the salt pits at the Tiber’s mouth from the Etruscans, and founded the port city of Ostia.

Question 15

Describe the following

Tanaquil

Answer 15

Wife of Tarquinius Priscus; associated with detected several prophesies, namely of Tarquinius Priscus and Servius Tullius

Question 16

Describe the following

Tarquinius Priscus

Answer 16

Fifth King of Rome; while on his way to Rome, and eagle took his cap, flew off, and then returned it; Tanaquil interpreted this as a sign; Priscus=”The Elder”; he is known to have drained the Forum, begun construction of the Circus Maximus, and begun construction of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus

Question 17

Describe the following

Servius Tullius

Answer 17

Sixth King of Rome; son of slave woman Ocrisia; his hair appeared to burn without harming him; Tanaquil sees omen and declares him Priscus’ successor; built a wall around Rome (Servian Wall) and a Temple of Diana on the Aventine

Question 18

Describe the following

Tarquinius Superbus

Answer 18

Seventh King of Rome; Superbus = “The Proud”; Finished construction of Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus; His son, Sextus, led to the fall of the Monarchy because he raped a woman by the name of Lucretia

Question 19

Describe the following

Tullia

Answer 19

Daughter of Servius Tullius who murdered her first husband, married Tarquinius Superbus, and then helped Superbus murder her father

Question 20

Describe the following

Collatinus

Answer 20

Husband of Lucretia; one of the first consuls of Rome

Question 21

Describe the following

Etruria/Etruscans

Answer 21

Region in Italia slightly north of Latium (area where Rome is)

Question 22

Describe the following

L. Junius Brutus

Answer 22

One of the first consuls of Rome

Question 23

Describe the following

Horatius Cocles

Answer 23

Cocles=”One-Eyed”; single-handedly fought off the Etruscans on the Pons Sublicius

Question 24

Describe the following

Lars Porsenna

Answer 24

King of Etruria; Helped Tarquinius Superbus when Superbus was exiled from Rome

Question 25

# Describe the following Mucius Scaevola

Answer 25

prisoner of Lars Porsenna who became known as "Lefty" because he thrust his right hand into a fire to show his courage to Lars Porsenna, and so Lars released him

Question 26

# Describe the following Cloelia

Answer 26

swam across the Tiber River to escape Lars Porsenna

Question 27

# Describe the following Lake Regillus

Answer 27

Battle in 496 BC where the Romans defeat the Latin League

Question 28

# Describe the following Coriolanus

Answer 28

Defeated Volscians at Corioli; Later becomes the Volscian general and marches on Rome after Rome exile him; Coriolanus' wife (Volumnia) and mother (Veturia) convince him to stop

Question 29

# Describe the following Volsci

Answer 29

Italian tribe who Coriolanus first defeats, then becomes their general after Rome exiles him

Question 30

# Describe the following Aequi

Answer 30

Tribe that fought Cincinnatus on Mount Algidus in 458 BC

Question 31

# Describe the following Cincinnatus

Answer 31

fought the Aequi at Mount Algidus in 458 BC; "left his plow" to be dictator for only 16 days, then returned to his plow

Question 32

# Describe the following Mt. Algidus

Answer 32

Battle of 458 BC where Cincinnatus defeated the Aequi

Question 33

# Describe the following Appius Claudius Decemvir

Answer 33

Head of Decemviri, group designed to construct Laws of the 12 Tables; wrongfully attempted to enslave the plebeian maiden Verginia

Question 34

# Describe the following Verginia

Answer 34

Name of woman who Appius Claudius the Decemvir tried to enslave

Question 35

# Describe the following Verginius

Answer 35

Father of Verginia; murders her so that Appius Claudius cannot enslave her

Question 36

# Describe the following Veii

Answer 36

City near Rome who fought with Rome on several occasions in the early Republic

Question 37

# Describe the following M. Furius Camillus

Answer 37

"Second Founder of Rome"; captures Veii in 396 BC

Question 38

# Describe the following Brennus

Answer 38

Gallic Chieftain who defeats Rome at the Battle of Alia River in 390 BC; famously said "Vae Victis" ("Woe to the Conquered")

Question 39

# Describe the following Gauls/Senones

Answer 39

Roman term for the Celtic people of the north; Senones were the tribe that sacked Rome at the Battle of Allia River in 390 BC

Question 40

# Describe the following M. Manlius

Answer 40

heard the "cackling geese of Juno" and alerted everyone of the attack on Rome in 390 BC

Question 41

# Describe the following Lex Licinia-Sextia

Answer 41

Law of 367 BC which required there to be one plebian and one patrician consul each year

Question 42

# Describe the following Samnites

Answer 42

Italian tribe who fought three wars against Rome

Question 43

# Describe the following Caudine Forks

Answer 43

Roman defeat against Samnites in 321 BC during Second Samnite War

Question 44

# Describe the following Appius Claudius Caecus/Censor

Answer 44

Builder of the Appian Way in 312 BC as well as fist high-level aqueduct, Aqua Appia; Caecus means "the Blind"

Question 45

# Describe the following Decius Mus

Answer 45

General at Battle of Sentinum; perfored act of "devotio" to win battle

Question 46

# Describe the following Sentinum

Answer 46

Battle in 295 BC during the Third Samnite War; Roman victory after Decius Mus performs an act of devotio to encourage his troops

Question 47

# Describe the following Q. Hortensius (dictator)/ Lex Hortensia

Answer 47

wrote Lex Hortensia to resolve the last secession of the plebs. Lex: all resolutions passed by plebians were binding on all citizens

Question 48

# Describe the following Heraclea

Answer 48

First battle of Pyrrhic War in 280 BC

Question 49

# Describe the following Pyrrhus

Answer 49

King of Epirus (city in Greece) who came to the aid of Tarentum to fight the Romans in the Pyrrhic War

Question 50

# Describe the following Tarentum

Answer 50

City in Italy that sought the aid of Pyrrhus of Epirus against the Romans, thus initiating the Pyrrhic War

Question 51

# Describe the following Asculum

Answer 51

Second Battle of Pyrrhic War in 279 BC; Pyrrhus wins but at too great a price; known as a "Pyrrhic Victory"

Question 52

# Describe the following Fabricius

Answer 52

refused a bribe from Pyrrhus

Question 53

# Describe the following Beneventum

Answer 53

Final battle of the Pyrrhic War in 275 BC; Rome wins

Question 54

# Describe the following Mamertines

Answer 54

group of mercenaries in Sicily whose aid Rome came to, thus causing the First Punic War

Question 55

# Describe the following Messana/Straits of Messana

Answer 55

Area between Sicily and the tip of Italy where the First Punic War began

Question 56

# Describe the following Carthage

Answer 56

Fought 3 wars with Rome: 1st Punic War (264 BC - 241 BC), 2nd Punic War (218 BC - 201 BC), and 3rd Punic War (149 BC - 146 BC)

Question 57

# Describe the following C. Duilius

Answer 57

Successful general at the Battle of Mylae in 260 BC; used corvus (a spiked gang plank) to win

Question 58

# Describe the following Mylae

Answer 58

First naval victory for Rome in 260 BC during the First Punic War

Question 59

# Describe the following Regulus

Answer 59

Roman commander during the First Punic War; was captured by Carthaginians; they asked him return to Rome, tell Rome to stop fighting, and come back to be executed; Regulus did everything except tell Rome to stop fighting, he instead encouraged them to keep on fighting

Question 60

# Describe the following Hamilcar Barca

Answer 60

Carthaginian general towards the end of the First Punic War

Question 61

# Describe the following Syracuse

Answer 61

Major city in Sicily

Question 62

# Describe the following Drepanum

Answer 62

Battle in 249 BC during the First Punic War; Roman defeat; before battle Claudius Pulcher threw sacred chickens overboard, thus ensuring their defeat

Question 63

# Describe the following P. Claudius Pulcher

Answer 63

Romen general who threw the sacred chickens overboard and thus ensured the Roman defeat of Drepanum in 249 BC during the First Punic War

Question 64

# Describe the following Xanthippus

Answer 64

Spartan mercenary who the Carthaginians hire during the First Punic War

Question 65

# Describe the following Aegates Islands

Answer 65

Last battle of the 1st Punic War; Rome wins.

Question 66

# Describe the following Corsica

Answer 66

One of the two islands to become Rome's second province

Question 67

# Describe the following Lutatius Catulus

Answer 67

Victorious Roman general at Battle of Aegates Islands in 241 BC

Question 68

# Describe the following Sardinia

Answer 68

One of the two islands two become Rome's second province after the First Punic War

Question 69

# Describe the following M. Claudius Marcellus

Answer 69

Third and final receiver of the spolia opima; did so at the Battle of Clastidium in 222 BC by defeating Viridomarus in hand-to-hand combat

Question 70

# Describe the following Teuta

Answer 70

Queen of Illyria during the Illyrian War, a minor war between the First and Second Punic Wars

Question 71

# Describe the following Ebro River

Answer 71

River that Carthaginians were not allowed to cross; Hannibal crosses it and thus begins the Second Punic War

Question 72

# Describe the following Hannibal

Answer 72

Carthaginian general during Second Punic War

Question 73

# Describe the following Saguntum

Answer 73

City sacked by Hannibal in 218 BC which initiates the Second Punic War

Question 74

# Describe the following Lake Trasimene

Answer 74

Battle in 217 BC during the Second Punic War; Romans lose to Carthaginians

Question 75

# Describe the following Cannae

Answer 75

Major Roman defeat during 2nd Punic War; known as Rome's greatest defeat

Question 76

# Describe the following Q. Fabius Maximus Cunctator

Answer 76

Known as the "delayer" for his delaying tactics during the former half of the Second Punic War

Question 77

# Describe the following P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus

Answer 77

Roman general during the latter half of the Second Punic War who had several victories

Question 78

# Describe the following Syphax

Answer 78

Numidian king who assisted Carthaginians during Second Punic War

Question 79

# Describe the following Hasdrubal

Answer 79

Brother of Hannibal; dies at Battle of Metaurus River in 207 BC

Question 80

# Describe the following Metaurus River

Answer 80

Battle of 207 BC during the Second Punic War where the Romans defeat the Carthaginian general Hasdrubal

Question 81

# Describe the following Zama

Answer 81

Final Battle in 202 BC during the Second Punic War

Question 82

# Describe the following C. Flaminius

Answer 82

Consul of 198 BC; took command in Macedonia; defeated Philip V of Macedon at Cynoscephalae in 197 BC; declared all Greeks to be free