History part 3 | 2 out of 2 (04/06) Flashcards
Nazism vs Christianity
Nazism
- Nazi’s believed in revenge and violence; not love,
- Believed some races were superior.
- Hated the weak and vulnerable.
- Didn’t have a religion; follow Hitler.
Christianity
- Believed in love and forgiveness.
- Believed in equality.
- No discrimination.
- Believed in God and Jesus’ teachings.
Nazi control of churches
Concordat was signed
(The concordat was an agreement between the pope and Hitler, signed in July 1933. It stated that the Nazi Party and the Catholic Church would not interfere with one another’s policies or spheres.)
Hitler broke the concordat
Catholic priests were arrested and catholic youth clubs and schools were shut down.
The pope issued a statement criticising the Nazis but it had little effect.
Archbishop Galen openly criticised the Nazis for their use of concentration camps, euthanasia and terror tactics.
The Nazis temporarily stopped the policy of euthanasia.
Galen was placed under house arrest.
The confessional church, under the leadership of pastor Martin neimoller openly criticised the Nazis.
800 pastors from the confessional church were arrested, niemoller was imprisoned.
Confessional church.
Persecution of racial groups
In families where there were hereditary illnesses, sterilisation was enforced.
Over 300,000 men and women were compulsorily sterilised.
At least 5,000 mentally disabled children and babies were killed either by injection or starvation.
72,000 mentally ill patients were gassed before a public outcry in Germany brought this to an end.
5 / 6 gipsies living in Germany were killed.
Nuremberg laws
What were the Nuremberg Laws?
The Nuremberg Laws were passed to remove the rights of Jews and it enabled the Nazis to increase their persecution of Jewish people.
When were the Nuremberg Laws passed?
The Nuremberg Laws were announced on 15th September, 1935.
Why were the Nuremberg Laws passed?
The Nazis brought in the Nuremberg Laws so that they could remove the rights of the Jews as citizens of Germany. As a result, it was easier to persecute them as Jews no longer had any legal protection.
How did the Nuremberg Laws affect Jewish people’s citizenship?
One of the Nuremberg Laws was The Reich Citizenship Law which stated that no Jew could be a German citizen. This meant that Jews were German ‘subjects’ and they lost their rights to vote or have a German passport.
How did the Nuremberg Laws affect marriage for Jewish people?
Another Nuremberg Law was the Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honour that made it illegal for Jews to marry or have sexual relations with non-Jews.
Kristallnacht (night of the broken glass)
November 1938 - a young jew shot a nazi official in paris.
in response, jewish shops and businesses in Germany were attacked.
homes were ransacked. synagogues were burned. 100 Jews were killed. 10,000 jewish shops were targeted 20,000 people were sent to concentration camps.
jewish community were forced to pay a fine of 1 billions reichsmark.
They were renting the building from non-jewish Germans
forced to scrub the streets clean.
Many Germans watched the event with alarm.
The nazi controlled press presented the Kristallnacht as the spontaneous reaction of ordinary Germans against Jews.
Most Germans did not believe this but hardly protested.
The few who did were brutally murdered.
Holocaust
Gas vans, random killings, ghettos and extermination camps.
Random killings were used to systematically kill Jews between 1941 and 1944 – Jews were ordered to dig their graves, strip and were then randomly shot as they attempted to run away. In just one month, 38,000 Jewish people were executed in this way.
During the interim, ghettos were established to separate Jews and other non –Aryans from the rest of the German population. Jews were responsible for the day-to-day running of ghettos; however, Nazis were in overall control of them. Food was scarce and had to be rationed. Many people looked in bins to sustain themselves. Those who fought back were immediately killed and to serve as a deterrent, people were randomly shot by the Nazis. Many were forced to work factories making goods for the Nazis during the war
Final Solution:
The term ‘final solution of the Jewish Question’ was a euphemism used by Nazi Germany’s leaders. It referedd to the mass murder of Europe’s jews. It brought an end to policies aimed at encouraging or forcing Jews to leave the German Reich and other parts of Europe. Those policies were replaced by systematic annihilation.
It is estimated that more than 6 million Jews were killed during the Holocaust.
Censorship and propaganda
Propaganda was used powerfully by Joseph Goebbels (head of Nazi propaganda) to portray a more positive image of Hitler and the Nazi Party.
The Nazis controlled what was seen, heard and read in Germany through the Chamber of Culture – an organisation all musicians, writers, authors, actors and artists had to be members of. Nothing could contradict the message of Nazi propaganda – everything Hitler did was in the best interests of the country.
Berlin Olympics
The Nazi’s used the olympics as propaganda.
Hitler wanted to show that Germany was a peaceful country.
For 1 month Jews were not persecuted.
One Hew was allowed in the Olympics to show diversity.
Propaganda was aimed at the whole world.
He wants to show that the Aryan race was superior.
Hitler wasn’t successful because a black man from America won and Hitler believed the black race was inferior.
All anti-Jewish posters were removed from Germany and the persecution of Jews stopped during this event.
One token Jewish athlete represented Germany.
Hitler used the Olympics to showcase the superiority of the Aryan race, but was upstaged by Jesse Owens, a Black American athlete, in the 200m finals.
Triumph of the will
A documentary broadcasted in Germany portraying Hitler.
16 years of suffering - ToV.
19 months of rebirth. Hitler came into power in 1933.
Showing that Hitler is superior.
Showing he was ordered by the people and he loves kids.
Censorship: books
Joseph Geobbels (Nazi) had to approve
Books that didnt adhere to nazi message would be punished.
If they were already punished they would be burnt.
Genres of books: praising nazis and glorifying Hitler.
censorship: newspapers
Positive thing about Nazis.
Anti-nazi newspapers were banned.
Jewish journalists and editors were sacked/killed.
censorship: radio
Nazi’s were in charge of radio stations.
Non-nazi radio stations were banned, 1934.
They made sure everyone would listen to the radio by making it cheap.
Foreign radio was banned, anyone caught listening to it was killed.
censorship: films
Nazi’s ensured their message was followed.
Mocked Jews.
Geobbels had to approve of the plot.
Genres: war and politics.
Anything that mocked the Jews and glorified Hitler.
censorship: music
Jazz was not allowed (made by black people - inferior).
Types of music allowed: marching, classical and glorifying Hitler.
Nazi police state
Nazis
The Nazis created a climate of fear through effectively establishing a police state.
Police
The police role is to make sure people follow laws set by law courts.
Gestapo
Gestapos role is to spy on people.
The impact of the Gestapo is to make people conscious of what they are doing as they spy on you.
Concentration camp
The role of the concentration camp were set up to ‘correct people’, who were not doing what the Nazi’s wanted.
Inmates were forced to work hard and some were even tortured or worked to death.
SS & SD
The SS make sure everyone is loyal to hitler.
The SD was to protect hitler and eliminate enemies.
