History part 3 (04/06)

Question 1

Reich entailed food law

Answer 1

introduced because the Nazis believed that farmers were the basis of the Aryan race.
as a result, their way of life had to be protected.

+ farmers were protected
+ they would never lose their land or job
+ eldest child inherits the farm - stays in the family

• banks may not always get paid
• eldest child does not get a choice

Question 2

Reich food estate

Answer 2

a government body set up in Nazi Germany to regulate food production.
government prices and gives subsidies.

+ farmers are going to make money

• farmers profit wouldnt be much because the central board is also getting some money

Question 3

Strengthen through joy

Answer 3

scheme that rewarded you for your work

+ people would want to work
+ try their best to go places

• costs money
• people who couldn’t work miss out on the opportunity
• some rewards weren’t accessible to everyone

Question 4

beauty of labour

Answer 4

Encouraged owners to improve working conditions

+ Have better working conditions.
+ More facilities.
+ Want to work

• Losing money.

Question 5

Volkswagen factory

Answer 5

= New jobs.
+ People would get cars.

• Costs money.
• Hitler may not pay workers enough.
• Bad for the environment.

Question 6

Car saving scheme

Answer 6

+ New jobs.
+ People would get cars.

• Expensive
• Had to wait a long time.
• Money could be used elsewhere.
• Turned out to be a scam.

Question 7

Conscription

Answer 7

Hitler openly began to rearm Germany in 1935 and introduced conscription.

+ The country would upgrade their weapons.
+ Prepared for war.
+ More jobs.

• Conscription meant war.
• Might not want to be part of it for moral reasons.
• Breaking the ToV.

Question 8

Healthcare: alcoholics and smoking

Answer 8

Alcoholics: humiliated by having their heads shaved and sent to concentration camps.

Smoking: The Nazi government were the first in the world to recognise that smoking caused cancer and the first to introduce regular screening of women for breast cacer.

Question 9

Unemployment

Answer 9

Nazi employment schemes resulted in the number of people unemployed in Germany falling from 6 million in 1933 to just 302,000 by 1939. (Part timers were counted as full time).

Hitler did not include:
Women (believed they should be at home)
Jews (believed they weren’t humans

Question 10

Self sufficiency, 1933

Answer 10

Hjalmar Schacht was a respected banker.
Hitler appointed him as minister of economics in 1933.

He made deals with other countries because he needed raw materials which weren’t in Germany for making weapons.

Hermann Goerig replaced Schacht.
He was also Hitlers oldest and most loyal colleague.

The four year plan was to get Germany ready for war.
It was to increase military production - also created jobs.

Steel and explosives productions were very successful.
Oil production was not.
After 3 years, they realised that they were not ready for war.

Farmers were important to Nazi’s as they wanted to be self sufficient.
Farmers looked after crops and animals - milk, eggs and wool.
30% of the population were farmers.

How did Germany become self-sufficient?
Grow their own crops
Made their own things
Made jobs (less unemployment)
Started making weapons.
Found alternatives.

Question 11

world war 2 timeline

Answer 11

September 1939 - Germany successfully invaded poland.

September 1940 - Germany invaded Holland, Belgium and France.

Summer 1940 - The Battle of Britain didn’t go according to plan and abandoned the plan.

April 1941 - Nazi’s focused on Balkans - hitler saw them as inferior.

June 1941 - Germany invaded Russia.

1941 - 1943 - German troops fought against Russian troops.

Feb 1943 - battle at stalingrad. 80,000 Germans died and admitted defeat.

Jan 1945 - allied troops invaded Germany.

1945 - Hitler committed suicide and Nazi’s were forced to surrender.

Question 12

Bombing of Dresden

Answer 12

Industrial importance
7th largest

70% was bombed
Allied bombing 
half a million civilians` dead 
750,000 injured
7.5 million were made homeless

Question 13

Bombing of Hamburg

Answer 13

Britain and America
carpet bombing

Reasons:
- Ship building
- Port city
- Close and convenient
- 2nd largest city
- naval importance
- strategically close to Britain
.
Consequences:
- Incendiary bombs caused fires
- 45,000 people were killed.
- Almost half the city destroyed,
- 1 million refugees fled Hamburg.

Question 14

Bombings extra info

Answer 14

In East Germany, 3 million civilians were fleeing from the advancing Russian army, but they received no help from the retreating German army. With no transport easily available (priority was given to German troops), many were forced to walk hundreds of miles, with attendant cold, hunger and disease. Over half a million civilians died making the journey to the west. When they reached their destination, they found cities devastated by bombing and chronic food shortages.

Question 15

Rationing

Answer 15

With Britain bombing German ships carrying food and goods into the country, the country was experiencing severe food shortages.

Consequently, clothes, soap, toilet paper, meat, paper, coffee and sugar were rationed.

Hot water was limited to two days per week and people were limited to one egg per week.

Clever alternatives were used:

• Coffee made of roasted barley and acorns.
• Instead of soap, they would boil pine leaves and bathe with the water.
• Bread was made of leaves, rye grains, sugar beets and saw dust.

Question 16

Youth organisations and Hitler youth movement

Answer 16

Youth organisations were made compulsory to join in 1936.

The Hitler Youth was the group for boys set up by the Nazis. During the Weimar Republic it was common for political parties to set up youth wings for the party, and the Nazis were no different. However, when Hitler became Chancellor, these alternative groups were banned and everyone was encouraged to join the Hitler Youth instead. This was eventually made compulsory in 1939.
The Hitler Youth differed to groups today as the Hitler Youth was simply the Nazi Party for children. The Nazis used the group to teach Nazi ideas to the young people which included the Nazis views on Jews and German History. The members of the Hitler Youth also had to pledge their loyalty to the party and to Hitler. It was also expected that members of the Hitler Youth would report on members of their families or teachers if they were not following the Nazi ideas.
The Nazis also used the Hitler Youth to create model German citizens who would fit with the Nazi ideals. As the Nazis placed a huge emphasis on the strong overcoming the weak, the Hitler Youth had a strong regime of physical fitness, including hikes and trips into the mountains. The emphasis of physical fitness was accompanied by military style training, after all the Nazis wanted members of the Hitler Youth to become soldiers for the Reich. Therefore, members of the Hitler Youth trained with small fire arms and skills for being a soldier in the field. The Nazis also set up specialist divisions for more specialist training including flying and the navy. Members of the Hitler Youth, were often instructed by members of the SA who enacted harsh punishments upon them if they disobeyed orders or for doing something wrong.

Question 17

How did the swing youth and the Edelveise show their hatred towards Nazi’s?

Answer 17

• Beat up Nazi officials
• Refuse to obey Nazis.
• Graffitied on walls
• Hung around
• Listened to Jazz music (black americans)
• Dance outrageously
• Girls wore makeup (hitler wanted women to be modest)
• Broke curfews and smokes.

Nazi’s forced them to work in concentration camps and if they refused they were publicly hanged.

Question 18

How the Nazi’s affected the youth?

Answer 18

Hitler targeted young children because they didn’t know anything else.

They were vulnerable and easy to brainwash.

Hitler indoctrinated children because he wanted a 1000 year Recih and the children were the next generation.

1000 year reich: nazi’s to rule Germnay for a thousand years.

Children were told to spy on everyone.

Children learnt to hate jews.

Learnt the disabled people shouldn’t exist.

Question 19

Women in nazi germany

Lebensborn

Answer 19

1. Medals
2. Loans
3. Breeding centres
4. Contraception and abortion

Under 1 million births by 1933 compared to over 2 million in 1900.

To achieve the policy of Lebensborn the Nazi’s awarded medals to women he gave birth to a number of children.
They had interest free loans of up to 1000 reichsmark.
Contraception and abortion were banned.

3. Lebensborn centres were established.
   Racially approved Aryan women were matched with SS men - to encourage women to have Aryan children.
4. Annual ceremonies were held all over Germany to reward women:
   4 children - bronze
   6 children - silver
   8 children - gold.
   This would encourage them to have children.
5. Interest free loans of up to 1000 reichsmark for young married couples on condition that the wife gave up work.
   A quarter of the loan was cancelled each time a child was born.

Conscription for wwII stopped women from having kids.
They were busy doing men’s jobs and didn’t have much time to have kids and look after them.

4. Women who had a disabled child, a history of mental illness, hereditary diseases or antisocial behaviour.
   Contraception and abortion was forced upon them.
   If a child had a disease, he was killed.

1933: 970,000 babies born.
1939: 1.4 million babies born.
Lebensborn was a success as the population increased.