History Of Pyschology Flashcards
Psychology
the scientific study of thought and behavior
cognitive psychology
the study of how people perceive, remember, think, speak and solve problem.
developmental psychology
the study of how thought and behavior change and remain the stable across the life span.
behavioral neuroscience
the study of the links among brain, mind, and behavior.
biological psychology
the study of the relationship between bodily systems and chemicals and how they influence behavior and thought.
clinical psychology
the diagnosis and treatment of mental, emotional and behavioral disorders and the promotion of psychological health.
personality psychology
the study of what makes people unique and the consistence in people’s behavior across time and situation.
social pyschology
the study of how living among others influences thought feeling, and behavior.
health pyschology
the study of the role psychological factor’s play in regards to health and illness.
industrial/ organizational (i/o) psychology
application of psychological concepts and questions to work settings.
forensic psychology
field that blends psychology, law and criminal justice.
educational psychology
the study of how students learn the effectiveness of particular teaching techniques, the social psychology, and the psychology of teaching.
sports psychology
the study of psychological factors in sports and exercise.
shamans
medicine men or women who treat people with mental problems by driving out their demons with elaborate rituals such as exorcisms incantations, and prayers.
asylums
facilities for treating the mentally ill in Europe during the middle aged and into the 19th century.
moral treatment
19th-century approach to treating the mentally ill with dignity in a caring environment.
psychoanalysis
a clinically based approach to understanding and treating psychological disorders; assumes that the unconscious mind is the most powerful force behind thought and behavior.
empiricism
the view that all knowledge and thoughts come from experience.
psychophysics
the study of how people psychologically perceive physical stimuli such as light sound waves and touch.
Sigmund freud
20th-century Austrian who develop psychoanalysis
Gustav Fechner (1801-1889)
develop the idea of sychophysics
Wilhelm Wundt
In 1879, Wundt set up a psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany now consider the birthplace of experimental psychology.
William James
consider the founder of american psychology, open first psychology laboratory in USA, founded american psychology association (APA) most famous functionalists
Marry Whiton Calkins (1863-1930)
1st female APA president (1905). Havard did not grant her a (phd) degree because she was a women, even though she was an excellent student.
structuralism
19th century school of psychology that argued breaking down experience into its elemental parts offers the best way to understand thought and behavior.
introspection
the main method of investigation for structuralist; it involves looking into one’s own mind for information about the nature of conscious experience.
functionalism
19th-century school of psychology that argued it was better to look at why the mind works the way it does than to describe it parts.
behaviorism
a school of psychology which proposed that psychology can be a true science only if it examines observable behaviors, not ideas, thoughts, feelings and motives.
humanistic psychology
a theory of psychology that focuses on personal growth and meaning as a way of reaching one’s highest potential.
positive psychology
scientific approach to studying, understanding and promoting healthy and positive psychological functioning.
gestalt psychology
a theory of psychology that maintains that we perceive things as wholes rather than as a compilation of parts.
softwiring
in contrast to hardwiring, means that biological systems -genes, brain structure, brain cells- are inherited but open to modification from the environment.
nature through nurture
the position that the environment constantly interacts with biology to shape who we are and what we do.
mind-body dualism
Rene Descartes proposed that the mind and body are separate entities. and either can take control of each other.
evolution
the change over time in the frequency with which specific genes occurs within a breeding species.
natural selection
a feedback process whereby nature favors one design over another because it has an impact on reproduction.
adaptations
inherited solutions to ancestral problems that have been selected for because they contribute in some way to reproductive success.
Abraham Maslow
Humanistic
evolutionary psychology
the branch of psychology that studies human behavior by asking what adaptive problems it may have solved for our early ancestors.
John Watson
Behavioralist
By-product
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Carl Rogers
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William Jackson
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Hermann Von helmholtz
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Counseling psychologist
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Hippocrates
Greek physician, first to document acrophobia fear of heights.
Blank slate
Tabula rasa (lAtin)
