HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH Flashcards
What does PHC stand for?
Primary Health Care
PHC emphasizes promotive and preventive care rather than curative care.
Which country was the first to implement Primary Health Care?
Philippines
What is the purpose of Operation Timbang?
Nationwide program providing supplementary food for infants and preschool children
What is the Integrated Provincial Health Office (IPHO)?
A health office established for integrated health services
What is Oral Rehydration Therapy used for?
National Control of Diarrheal Diseases
What organization addresses malnutrition problems in the Philippines?
Nutrition Council of the Philippines
What does RITM stand for?
Research Institute for Tropical Medicine
What does PCHRD stand for?
Philippine Council for Health Research and Development
True or False: The Department of Health was renamed from the Ministry of Health during the EDSA Revolution.
True
What major health issue saw a decline during the EDSA Revolution?
Infant and child mortality rates
What significant health-related document was established during the Aquino Administration?
1987 Constitution
Fill in the blank: The _______ required the marketing of breast milk substitutes.
Milk code (EO51)
What does NESS stand for?
National Epidemic Surveillance System
What is the purpose of the National Drug Policy?
Ensure availability of safe, effective, and affordable quality drugs
What act legalized organ donation in the Philippines?
Organ Donation Act of 1991 (RA7170)
What was the slogan associated with the Ramos Administration’s health initiative?
‘Health in the Hands of People’
What campaign aimed to prevent vitamin A, iron, and iodine deficiency?
Araw ng Sangkap Pinoy
What does RA 7394 pertain to?
Consumer Act of the Philippines
What is the goal of the Doctors to the Barrio program?
Provide medical services in rural areas
What act established the Philippine National AIDS Council?
EO 39
What is the purpose of RA 7719?
Promote voluntary blood donation
What health strategy aims to eliminate polio, measles, and neonatal tetanus?
Expanded Program on Immunization (Oplan Alis Disease)
What is the focus of the Healthy Lifestyle Program?
Promote healthful living and disease prevention
What legislation was passed regarding women and child labor?
Women and Child labor was passed.
What was studied as the mechanism of transmission of dengue fever?
The mechanism of transmission of dengue fever through Aedes aegypti was studied.
What significant construction took place during this period?
Construction of Novaliches dam.
What institution was established for public health education?
Establishment of School of Hygiene and Public Health.
What organization was formed to promote public health in the Philippines?
Philippine Public Health Association (PPHA) was organized.
What was the focus of research during the Commonwealth period?
The epidemiology of life threatening diseases was studied: diphtheria, yaws, dengue.
What was established to train public health leaders?
UP School of Public Health was established.
What health issues were researched and controlled?
Research and control of TB, malaria, leprosy, and yaws.
What department was created in 1939?
Creation of Department of Public Health and Welfare with Dr. Jose Fabella as the first secretary.
What was created in 1940 to gather vital statistics?
Bureau of Census and Statistics was created.
What health issue persisted despite developments?
Inequitable distribution of health services remained a problem.
What happened to public health activities during the Japanese occupation?
All public health activities were practically paralyzed.
What was the impact of World War II on public health?
Increased incidence of TB, VD, malaria, leprosy, and malnutrition.
What emergency measures did the US Congress pass?
Emergency measures to control diseases: TB, VD, malaria, leprosy, malnutrition.
What immunization program was implemented post World War II?
Immunization program.
What research was completed regarding malaria control?
Completion of research on Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) saw dust as larvicide and DDT residual spraying of houses.
What facility was constructed for TB control?
Construction of the National Chest Center for control case registry for TB.
What was the first training course offered post World War II?
First training course for sanitary inspector was given.
What laboratory was introduced for industrial hygiene?
Industrial hygiene laboratory.
What method was introduced for gonorrhea treatment?
Introduction of one-infection method for gonorrhea with penicillin.
What central laboratory was created in the Philippines?
Creation of central Health laboratory in the Philippines.
What was the Food and Nutrition Research Center formerly known as?
Institute of Nutrition under BRL, then transferred to National Institute of Science and Technology.
What was Manila selected for in relation to WHO?
Manila was selected as Headquarters for the WHO Western Pacific Office.
What program strengthened health and dental services in rural areas?
RHU program (per municipalities with 5,000-10,000 population).
What positions were included in the RHU program?
1 Municipal Health Officer (MHO), 1 Public Health Nurse (PHN), 1 Midwife, 1 Sanitary Inspector.
What reorganization took place in the Department of Health?
Creation of several offices including Dental health services, Malaria Education services, and more.
What programs were initiated with multilateral assistance?
WHO and UNICEF assisted TB and BCG programs.
What was the focus of the Rizal Development project?
Restructuring of the DOH Rural Health Care Delivery System.
What was the impact of Martial Law on the Department of Health?
Department of Health was renamed as Ministry of Health (MOH).
What was formulated during the Martial Law years?
Formulation of National Health Plan.
What are the socio-political periods in the history of public health in the Philippines?
- Pre-American Occupation (up to 1898)
- American Military Government (1898-1907)
- Philippine Assembly (1907-1916)
- The Jones Law (1916-1936)
- The Commonwealth (1936-1941)
- Japanese Occupation (1941-1945)
- Post World War II (1945-1972)
- Post EDSA Revolution (1986 to present)
What public health works began during the Pre-American Occupation?
Public health works began at the old Franciscan Convent in Intramuros where Fr. Juan Clemente put up a dispensary in 1577 for treating indigents in Manila. This eventually became the San Juan de Dios Hospital.
What were some public health initiatives during Spanish time?
Creation of Board of Vaccinators to prevent smallpox, creation of Board of Health, construction of waterworks, establishment of the first medical school (UST), School of Midwifery, public health laboratory, and forensic medicine.
What hospitals existed before the Americans came to the Philippines?
General hospitals included San Juan de Dios Hospital, Chinese General Hospital, Hospicio de San Jose in Cavite, Casa de la Caridad in Cebu, and Enfermeria de Santa Cruz in Laguna.
What were some contagious hospitals before American occupation?
San Lazaro Hospital, Hospital de Palestina in Camarines Sur, Hospital delos Leprosos in Cebu, and Hospital de Argentina in Manila for smallpox and cholera.
What military and naval hospitals were present?
Military hospitals included Hospital Militar de Manila and Hospital Militar de Zamboanga. Naval hospitals included Hospital de la Marie in Cebu and Hospital de Basilan.
What were some other hospitals/asylums before American occupation?
Hospicio de San Pascual Baylon in Manila, Asylum of St. Vincent de Paul in Manila for poor girls, and Hospital of San Jose for orphaned children and mentally ill.
What public health projects were initiated during the American Military Government?
Control of epidemics such as cholera, smallpox, and plague; fight against communicable diseases; establishment of a garbage crematory; approval of the first sanitary ordinance; cholera vaccine trials; confirmation of plague transmission from infected rats; and opening of a leper colony in Culion.
What significant developments occurred during the Philippine Assembly period?
Founded the Manila Medical Society and Philippine Island Medical Association, opened UP College of Medicine, established Bureau of Science, inaugurated new waterworks in Manila, started an anti-TB campaign, and organized the Philippine Tuberculosis Society.
What were key health initiatives during the Jones Law years?
Opening of the Philippine General Hospital, use of anti-typhoid vaccine, hypochlorite of lime for water treatment, clarification of amoebic dysentery etiology, and first use of dry vaccine against smallpox.
What were the health concerns during the Jones Law years?
Increase in crude death rate (CDR), infant mortality rate (IMR), and morbidity rates; retrogression in health conditions; increased deaths from smallpox, cholera, typhoid, malaria, beri-beri, and tuberculosis.
What studies and campaigns were launched during the Jones Law years?
Study of typhoid fever causes, Schick test for diphtheria, campaign against hookworm, trials for anti-dysentery vaccine, and studies on seafood’s role in cholera transmission.
What training initiatives were introduced during the Jones Law years?
First training course for sanitary inspectors and establishment of an industrial hygiene laboratory.
