history of psychopathology ig

Question 1

pre-historic/ancient treatments

Answer 1

EXORCISM

- used by early Greek, Hebrew, Egyptian, and Chinese culture
- “evil” was cast out using prayer, flogging, starvation, etc.

TREPANNING

- creation of hole in the skull using a *trephine*
- thought that evil spirit will exit the “possessed persons” body through the newly created opening

TORTURE
- if they hurt the body enough, the spirit/demon would want to leave

Question 2

how did Hippocrates view mental illness

Answer 2

something that could be fixed similar to a physical injury

Question 3

how did hippocrates classify mental illness

Answer 3

1. melancholia
2. mania
3. phrenitis (brain fever)

• fluids/humour were responsible for normal brain functioning, so if they would not balanced, it would cause mental illness
  
  • blood (from the heart)
  • black bile (from the spleen)
  • yellow bile/choler (from the liver)
  • phlegm (from the brain)

Question 4

how did plato view mental illness

Answer 4

• if you had a mental illness you were not responsible for your actions
• if was the job of the community and family to take care of the mentally ill

Question 5

view of mental illness during middle ages

Answer 5

Everything that the Greek and Roman philosophers learned through science was thrown out, and the idea of demonic possession returned

Question 6

mental illnesses during middle ages

Answer 6

• Mass madness/group hysteria: large number of ppl were displaying similar symptoms and belief
• Lycanthropy: possession by wolf/other animal and imitated behavior
• Tarantism: uncontrollable desire to dance and jump

Question 7

Impact of black plague on psychopathology?

Answer 7

Europe lost 1/3 of its population due to the bubonic plague which caused an epidemic of fear/depression

Question 8

renaissance new discovery

Answer 8

• Publishing work that refuted what the church said

Humanism
- Put an emphasis on uniqueness and the welfare of the individual

Question 9

rise in asylums during renaissance

Answer 9

• Places for the mentally ill to go and receive care due to the issue that there were too many people with mental disorders living in private homes
• Sounds good, but ppl paid money to see the most violent patients, who would be chained up and crying out in pain

Question 10

reform movement view of mental illness

Answer 10

Mental illnesses were finally being viewed as a type of disease that needed to be treated

Question 11

moral treatment movement

Answer 11

Francis Pinel: idea of respect for ppl with mental disorders came about due to the fact that they were sick individuals

happened during the reform movement

Question 12

York Retreat

Answer 12

William Tuke: establish the York Retreat where patients could work, rest, talk out their problems and pray

happened during the reform movement

Question 13

County Asylums Act of 1845

Answer 13

every county needed to provide asylum to the mentally ill

Question 14

what happened at the end of the reform movement?

Answer 14

A big idea falling apart

• The increase in asylums resulted in staff shortages and inadequate funds; due to asylums being at overcapacity discrimination occurred
• Mental hygiene movement: moved focus away from care/treatment to focusing on the prevention and early treatment of mental problems

And we’re back to bad

Question 15

The 20th century to now view on mental disorders

Answer 15

Disorders started to be classified and treatments have scientific backing

Question 16

Compendium der Psychiatry

Answer 16

basis for the DSM

Question 17

Psychological / psychogenic perspective

Answer 17

• Emotions or psychological factors are the cause of mental disorders
• Challenged the biological perspective which said that mental disorders where the same as psychical disorders and had natural cause
• deinstitutionalize