History Of Psychology Flashcards
What are the different types of psychologists?
Clinical School Counselling Industrial and Organisational Developmental Biological Forensic
What is rationalism?
The idea that the concept of truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive, believes that knowledge is from thought and reflection
Who was the main contributor to rationalism?
Rene Descartes
What is empiricism?
The idea that the human mind begins as a “tabula rosa” (blank slate) and we learn through experiences like sensation and reflection. Believes that simple knowledge builds complex knowledge
Who was the main contributor to empiricism?
John Locke
How did the theory of evolution impact psychology?
- Study of animal behaviour as model for human behaviour - influence on behaviourism
- Precursor to the school of functionalism
- Contemporary views on evolutionary psychology
Who built the very first fully functional psychology laboratory?
Wilhelm Wundt
What is structuralism?
School of psychology that aimed to identify the basic structures of psychological experience. It explored elements of consciousness like sensation, images and feeling
Who was the main contributor to structuralism?
Edward Tithner
What is functionalism?
School of psychology that aimed to understand the adaptive purposes of psychological characteristics. Believes that consciousness evolved because it has a function/adaptive purpose
Who founded functionalism?
William James
What is behaviourism?
School of psychology that focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking outside the organism. Sees the mind as a “black box”, and believes that looking at cognitive processes is useless because they cannot be measured.
Who founded behaviourism?
John B. Watson
What is cognitivism?
School of psychology that focuses on the the mental processes involved with different aspect of thinking. Opening the “black box”
Who founded psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
What is psychoanalysis?
School of psychology which focuses on internal drives and conflicts that shape the relations between conscious and unconscious mental processes
What are the theoretical perspectives that shaped psychology?
Structuralism Functionalism Behaviourism Cognitivism Psychoanalysis
True or False: behaviourism focuses on discovering the general laws of learning in animals rather than humans
False
True or False: cognitive psychologists argue that psychological theories must account for how people interpret the meaning of events which act as rewards and punisments
True
True or False: advocates of determinism believe that free will is an illusion
True
