History of Psychology

Question 1

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 1

opened first official lab in experimental psychology

Question 2

Titchner

Answer 2

Brought Wundt’s psychology to the US

Question 3

John Watson

Answer 3

Father of behavioristic approach

Question 4

B.F Skinner

Answer 4

Added analysis to Watson’s behavioristic approach

Question 5

What is Self Actualization?

Answer 5

(Maslow) Drive within each human to achieve full potential

Question 6

What is the Humanistic Approach?

Answer 6

(Carl Rogers) Humans have natural tendency for growth, mental health, and self fulfilment

Question 7

Darwin

Answer 7

Origin of the species, studies pharisees - survival of the fittest - evolution

Question 8

Peter and Rosemary Grant

Answer 8

Documented Darwin’s theories of evolution
“Natural selection can have dramatic results even in the short term”

Question 9

Gregor Mendel (Oh Gregor!)

Answer 9

studied relationship b/w parents and offspring

Question 10

Rene Descartes

Answer 10

the human body is an animal machine which is understood through natural laws

Question 11

Fechner

Answer 11

Coined terms “Psychophysics” - created procedures to measure physical and sensory experiences

Question 12

Pavlov

Answer 12

Dog salivating test

Question 13

Thorndike

Answer 13

Puzzle box for cats

Question 14

Fritz/Hader

Answer 14

We try to understand the sense of man and causes of his behavior

Question 15

Attribution theory

Answer 15

(Harold Kenney) How we perceive the causes of everyday experiences, as being external or internal

Question 16

Self perception

Answer 16

(Bern) tap into our internal state from perceptions of our behavior in the present and the past

Question 17

Jung

Answer 17

Expanded the conception of the unconscious which isn’t limited to individuals or unique life experiences but rather filled with fundamental psychological truths shared by all humans

Question 18

Collective Consciousness

Answer 18

(Jung) Shared beliefs, ideas, and moral attitudes which operate as a unifying force within society. refers to the shared understanding of social norms.

Question 19

Horney

Answer 19

Criticizes Freud’s approach to penis envy - talks about womb jelousy and emphasizes that cultural forces affect development

Question 20

True Self

Answer 20

(Horney) positive attitude in childhood

Question 21

Lorenz

Answer 21

Humans don’t have evolved mechanisms to inhibit their aggressive impulses

Question 22

John Locke

Answer 22

Human development comes from experience (Imperialism)

Question 23

John-Jeques Rousseu

Answer 23

Nature molds development (nativism)

Question 24

Jean Piaget

Answer 24

made theories about how children think

Question 25

Renee Burltargeon

Answer 25

object permanence is from age two/foundation theories

Question 26

Lev Vygotsky

Answer 26

Children develop by “internalization” - they absorb knowledge from social context

Question 27

Paul Bates and margaret

Answer 27

selective optimization with compensation

Question 28

Erik Erikson

Answer 28

Trained by Anna Freud - said that every human must navigate series of psychosocial states (conflicts)

Question 29

James Lange

Answer 29

Physical changes happen first in the body and then with emotion.

James Lang theory of emotions
Emotions are how our body reacts to an event. The emotions we feel after that are labels to describe the way we react

Question 30

Stanley Schachter

Answer 30

emotion is physiological arousal and cognitive approval

Question 31

Richard Lazarus

Answer 31

emotions aren’t only understood by what happens in the brain but also stems from ongoing transactions with the environment

Question 32

Robert Zajonc

Answer 32

people have preferences without knowing why

Question 33

Freud

Answer 33

every behavior, thought and emotion has reasons that originate from early experiences. Our capacity for change is limited

Question 34

Carl Rogers

Answer 34

unconditional positive regard towards children - children should always feel they are loved and cared for even when they fuck up

Question 35

Horney (continued)

Answer 35

the goal of an individual is to achieve self realization/striving for self fulfilment

Question 36

John Dollard and Neal Miller

Answer 36

introduced learned drives, inhibition of responses and learned habit patterns

Question 37

Walter Mischel

Answer 37

influential theory of cognitive basis of personality - humans participate in cognitive organization of their interactions with the environment.

Question 38

Nancy Cantor

Answer 38

Social intelligence theory of personality -
three types:
1) Choice of Life Goals
2) knowledge relevant to social interactions
3) strategies for implementing goals

Question 39

David Rosehan

Answer 39

It’s impossible to be sane in an insane situation

Question 40

Thomas Szasz

Answer 40

Mental illness doesn’t really exists - deviant people are judged because they go against the norm

Question 41

Philippe Pinel

Answer 41

People with mental illnesses aren’t evil or possessed but rather people who are sick

Question 42

Emil Kraepelin

Answer 42

Created first comprehensive classification system of psychological disorders

Question 43

Aaron Beck

Answer 43

leading researcher on depression. He developed theory of “Cognitive Triad”
1) self
2) world
3) future

Question 44

Susan Nolen Hoeksema

Answer 44

Why women experience sadness - we look for reasons. Men experience sadness by distracting themselves