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Fundamental Planning Knowledge > History of Planning > Flashcards

History of Planning Flashcards

1
Q

In 1867, __________ passed the first land use zoning restrictions on the location of noxious uses.

A

San Francisco

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2
Q

In 1903, ___________ created the first local civic center plan in the U.S. ___________, ___________, and ___________ were responsible for the plan’s development.

A

Cleveland, Daniel Burnham, John Carrere, and Arnold Brunner

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3
Q

In 1906, ___________ was the first major American city to apply City Beautiful principles, using a plan developed by __________.

A

San Francisco, Daniel Burnham

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4
Q

In 1907, the first town planning board was created in _____________.

A

Hartford, CT

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5
Q

In 1909, ___________ created the first metropolitan regional plan for ______________.

A

Daniel Burnham, Chicago

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6
Q

_____________ was the first city to use land use zoning to guide development.

A

Los Angeles, CA

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7
Q

In 1914, _________________ hired the first full-time employee for a city planning commission, Harland Bartholomew. Bartholomew went on to become one of the most famous planning consultants.

A

Newark, NJ

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8
Q

In 1916, New York City adopted the first comprehensive zoning code, written by ____________.

A

Edward Bassett

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9
Q

In 1922, _______________ formed the first regional planning commission.

A

Los Angeles County

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10
Q

In 1924, _____________________ of the U.S. Department of Commerce issued the Standard State Zoning Enabling Act.

A

Secretary Herbert Hoover

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11
Q

In 1925, the _______________ was the first major U.S. city to adopt a comprehensive plan, produced by Alfred Bettman and Ladislas Segoe.

A

City of Cincinnati

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12
Q

Developed the Cincinnati Plan 1925. First comp plan ever

A

Alfred Bettman and Ladislas Segoe

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13
Q

In 1928, the ______________, under Secretary Herbert Hoover, released the Standard City Planning Enabling Act.

A

U.S. Department of Commerce

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14
Q

In 1933, the first U.S. National Planning Board was created. It was later renamed the _____________ and then abolished in 1943.

A

National Resources Planning Board

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15
Q

In 1934, the first federally supported public housing was constructed in __________, although the first to be occupied was located in __________.

A

Cleveland, Atlanta

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16
Q

In 1961, ____________ was the first state to introduce statewide zoning, which was later amended in 1978.

A

Hawaii

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17
Q

This book resulted in housing reform in New York City

A

How the Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis

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18
Q

This book initiated the Garden City movement

A

Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform by Ebenezer Howard

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19
Q

This book was adopted as a textbook for eighth graders in Chicago

A

Wacker’s Manual of the Plan of Chicago by Walter Moody

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20
Q

This book was the first major textbook on city planning

A

Carrying Out the City Plan by Flavel Shurtleff

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21
Q

Author of Planning of the Modern City

A

Nelson Lewis

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21
Q

This book centers on regional planning, and Geddes is known as the “father of regional planning.”

A

Cities in Evolution by Patrick Geddes

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22
Q

This book was the first in the Green Book Series produced by the International City/County Management Association.

A

Local Planning Administration by Ladislas Segoe

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23
Q

This book became a common textbook on land use planning.

A

Urban Land Use Planning by F. Stuart Chapin

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24
Q

This book defines basic concepts within the city, such as edges and nodes.

A

Image of the City by Kevin Lynch

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25
Q

This book provided a critical look at planners and planning, with a special focus on the mistakes of urban renewal

A

The Death and Life of Great American Cities by Jane Jacobs

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26
Q

This book focuses on the negative effects of pesticides on the environment.

A

Silent Spring by Rachel Carson

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27
Q

Author of Urban General Plan

A

T.J. Kent

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28
Q

This is a seminal book on historic preservation.

A

With Heritage So Rich edited by Alfred Reins

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29
Q

This book focuses on conservation design using an overlay technique that was later the basis of GIS.

A

Design with Nature by Ian McHarg

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30
Q

This book promotes the use of environmental psychology and sociology in urban design.

A

The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces by William Whyte

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31
Q

Created the NY Housing Authority and published The City is the Frontier

A

Charles Abrams

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32
Q

a book that was highly critical of U.S. federal policies surrounding slum clearance, urban renewal, and public housing.

A

The City is the Frontier

33
Q

An important planner during the Garden City movement. He was Secretary of the Garden City Association.

A

Thomas Adams

34
Q

The first manager of Letchworth.

A

Thomas Adams

35
Q

He developed several garden suburbs in England and later went on to teach planning at MIT and Harvard.

A

Thomas Adams

36
Q

This person was an advocate of community organizing

A

Saul Alinsky

37
Q

This book encouraged those who were poor to become involved in American democracy

A

Reveille for Radicals by Saul Alinsky

38
Q

This person provided 13 rules for community organizing

A

Saul Alinsky

39
Q

This person wrote “A Ladder of Citizen Participation” for the Journal of the American Planning Association in 1969. This article describes the levels of involvement by citizens depending on the form of participation utilized.

A

Sherry Arnstein

40
Q

This person was responsible for many of the nation’s most important parks including Central and Prospect Parks in New York City, Niagra Reservation, and university campus landscapes.

A

Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr.

41
Q

This person was the father of landscape architecture

A

Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr.

42
Q

prominent proponent of the City Beautiful movement

A

Daniel Burnham

43
Q

“Make no little plans. They have no fire to stir men’s blood.”

A

Daniel Burnham

44
Q

Created the first comprehensive plan in Florida, contributing to the park system in Madison, Wisconsin and designing Venice, Florida.

A

John Nolen

45
Q

developed the neighborhood unit concept which was implemented in Radburn, NJ.

A

Clarence Perry

46
Q

He was a key contributor to the 1929 Regional Survey of New York and its Environs.

A

Clarence Perry

47
Q

architect responsible for designing Arcosanti, an experimental utopian city in Arizona focused on minimizing the impact of development on the natural environment.

A

Paolo Soleri

48
Q

designed Sunnyside Gardens (Queens, NY)
designed Radburn, NJ
proponent of Garden City movement

A

Clarence Stein

49
Q

This person wrote New Town for America

A

Clarence Stein

50
Q

Head of Resettlement Administration during the New Deal

A

Rexford Tugwell

51
Q

He was closely involved in the development of Arthurdale, West Virginia (a Resettlement Administration community)
He later served on the New York City Planning Commission and served as governor of Puerto Rico

A

Rexford Tugwell

52
Q

English town planner and designer of Letchworth

A

Sir Raymond Unwin

53
Q

Author of Town Planning in Practice

A

Sir Raymond Unwin

54
Q

Founder of American housing policy.
She served as executive secretary of the Regional Planning Association of America.

A

Catherine Bauer Wurster

55
Q

She wrote Modern Housing and was influential in the passage of the Housing Act of 1937.

A

Catherine Bauer Wurster

56
Q

This movement took place during the late 1800s to early 1900s
They believed in creating ______ _______ would inspire residents to lead virtuous lives
Resulted in civic centers

A

City Beautiful movement

57
Q

Examples of Beautiful cities

A

White City, Chicago, IL
McMillan Plan, Washington, DC

58
Q

A _________ ________ was intended to bring about economic and social reform. Land ownership would be held by a corporation.

A

Garden City

59
Q

This movement was described by Ebenezer Howard in 1898

A

Garden City movement

60
Q

What movement was a reaction against the City Beautiful movement?

A

City Efficient / City Scientific

61
Q

What was City Efficient / City Scientific focused on?

A

function and efficiency, not beauty

62
Q

What movement arose in the 1930s after the Great Depression?

A

City Humane, focused on jobs and housing

63
Q

The Greenbelt Towns Program established these 3 cities

A

Greendale, Wisconsin
Greenhills, Ohio
Greenbelt, Maryland

64
Q

The New Towns Act was passed around what time?

A

After World War II

65
Q

This movement occurred in the 1940s and coincided with the growth of the military and post-war industrialization, emphasizing administrative efficiency

A

City Functional Movement

66
Q

What provided for the rectangular land survey of the Old Northwest? This survey was completed following the end of the Revolutionary War and provided a systematic way to divide and distribute land to the public.

A

The Land Ordinance of 1785

67
Q

This act provided 160 acres of land to settlers for a fee of $18 and a guarantee of five years of residence. The result was the settlement of 270 million acres or 10% of the land area of the United States.

A

Homestead Act

68
Q

allowed new western states to establish colleges.

A

Morrill Act

69
Q

This Act provided the President of the United States with the power to create forest preserves by proclamation.

A

General Land Law Revision Act

70
Q

allowed the Secretary of the Interior to manage forest preserves.

A

Forest Management Act

71
Q

allowed the funds raised from the sale of public land in arid states to be used to construct water storage and irrigation systems.

A

U.S. Reclamation Act

72
Q

this entity proposes rules for land development and management

A

Public Lands Commission

73
Q

the first law to provide federal protection for archaeological sites.
The Act allowed for the designation of National Monuments.

A

Antiquities Act

74
Q

commonly known as the GI Bill
guaranteed home loans to veterans, resulting in rapid suburbs development

A

Servicemen’s Readjustment Act

75
Q

Why was the City Beautiful movement critized?

A

for failing to address issues like housing, poverty, and transportation efficiency. It did not foresee the looming impact of the automobile.

76
Q

Where was the first comprehensive plan developed?

A

Cincinnati

77
Q

This plan focused on suburban development, highway construction, and suburban recreational facilities. Stein and Mumford were involved in the creation of the plan.

A

Regional Plan for New York and Environs

78
Q

This Act required cities to develop comprehensive plans and provided funding for planning

A

US Housing Act of 1954

79
Q

When did comprehensive plans shift to more of a social focus? The emphasis moved to concerns of equity, neighborhood preservation, affordable housing, environmental protection, and historic preservation.

A

1970s and 1980s

80
Q

When did state begin introducing comprehensive planning?

A

1970s

81
Q

Ebenezer Howard’s 3 garden cities

A
  1. Letchworth
  2. Welwyn Garden City
  3. Wythenshawe

Fundamental Planning Knowledge (6 decks)

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