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(3) Emerging PT Practice > History of Physical Therapy > Flashcards

History of Physical Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

T/F Rehabilitation is primarily focused on two important aspects of clinical interventions:

  • Validation, measurement, and assessment
  • Quantification of the improvements during the therapeutic process
A

T

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2
Q

T/F in Challenges in Physical Therapy Practice:

Rehabilitation professionals knows which therapeutic agents are working to improve motor disorders.

A

F, Rehabilitation professionals do not know

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3
Q

T/F in Challenges in Physical Therapy Practice:

Lacks a unified theory to explain the different treatments.

Lacks integrative taxonomy that simultaneously explains and links the therapeutic agents, the physical impairments, and the activities involved in improving the physical sequels.

A. TT
B. TF
C. FT
D. FF

A

A

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4
Q

T/F in Resolution of the Diversity in the Practice

Specialists categorized rehabilitation based on the function:

  • Activity conducted during the intervention.
  • Elements that strengthen the understanding of rehabilitation treatment.

A. TT
B. TF
C. FT
D. FF

A

A

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5
Q

(T/F) Resolution of the Diversity in the Practice

Specialists categorized rehabilitation based on the function:

  • Impairments that the rehabilitation is attempting to correct.
  • Performance-related interventions.

A. TT
B. TF
C. FT
D. FF

A

A

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6
Q

T/F in Resolution of the Diversity in the Practice

Specialists categorized rehabilitation based on the function of the Therapeutic agents that are applied in the therapy.

A

True

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7
Q

Identification in the Historical Views in Physical Therapy Practice

  • A human being is a machine.
  • It is defined as “a system of parts that operate or interact like a machine, transmitting forces, motion, and energy to one another.”
A

Mechanism

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8
Q

2 Categories of mechanism

A
  • Automaton therapy
  • Cyborg therapy
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9
Q

Automaton Therapy was developed during the _____________

A

17th century

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10
Q

Identify the therapy.
For what is the heart, but a spring; and the nerves, but so many strings, and the joints, but so many wheels, giving motion to the whole body.” Hobbes (1994)

  • It presents the human being comprising traditional physical mechanisms.
A

Automaton therapy

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11
Q

Automaton therapy is divided into 4 treatment methods namely:

A

Natural physical therapy
○ Kinesiotherapy
○ Traditional orthopedic therapy
○ Singular therapies

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12
Q

T/F. Automaton therapy

  • utilizes physical elements originate in nature without the intervention of human beings

● It requires technology

A.TT
B.TF
C.FT
D.FF

A

B, it doesn’t require technology

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13
Q

Identification of natural therapy:

Sun is as source of vitamin D

A

Heliotherapy (sun)

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14
Q

Identification of natural therapy: Seawater is good for lungs

A

Thalassotherapy (seawater)

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15
Q

Identification of natural therapy: Still used for wound treating, ROM and relaxation

A

Hydrotherapy (running water)

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16
Q

Identification of natural therapy: Heat for relaxation and dec pain

A

Balneotherapy (thermal and mineral water)

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17
Q

Identification of natural therapy: Use climate to know the effects of a certain disease

A

Climate therapy (coastal climate)

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18
Q

Identification of natural therapy: Still used as a superficial heating modality for relaxation and dec pain

A

Peloid therapy (mud and sludge)

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19
Q

What therapy has
The therapeutic effects are based on the movement recovery of a dysfunctional mechanism.

  • It attempts to restore the anatomo-physiological balance of the body part/s.
A

Kinesiotherapy

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20
Q

The agent is the person who ________

A

Is doing the exercise

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21
Q

6 Examples of kinesiotherapy & their uses:

A

Stretching
■ For tightness

○ Strengthening
■ For weakness

○ Joint flexibility
■ For ROM

○ Aerobic exercise
■ Resolve cardiovascular problems

○ Massage
■ For relaxation of muscles

○ Passive and active movement
■ Related to joint flexibility

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22
Q

This therapy Focuses on correcting and avoiding deformities, such as substituting for or replacing the mechanical function.

  • The goal is to improve the dysfunctional mechanism.
A

Traditional Orthopedic Therapy

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23
Q

T/F. Three methodologies in orthopedic therapy include:

§ Application of non-technological supports to substitute aesthetically and mechanically for an organ

§ Replacing or increasing the mechanical function of the damaged body

§ Similar to orthosis but does not require continuous contact with the body to perform its mechanical function

A

T

24
Q

This therapy states that Each method has a particular view of how the treatment must be applied to a person with the impairment.

A

Singular Therapies

25
Q

Examples of singular therapies, except:

§ Castillo Morales concept
§ Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
§ Hallwick method
§ Brunstromm method
§ Vojta method
§ Motor relearning method
§ Motor programming method

A

There’s no such thing as Motor programming method

26
Q

Cyborg Therapy

  • It was developed during ____
A

18th century

27
Q

This therapy Assumes that the human being is like a cyborg.

  • This indicates that the biological body and its artificial extension must coordinate perfectly to achieve mechanical objectives.
A

Cyborg therapy

28
Q

This therapy states that: The application of this therapy is not only circumscribed to a corporal surface but also is related to the inside of the body and a person’s environment.

  • Application of technology (robotics) in the treatment.
A

Cyborg therapy

29
Q

In an automaton, the ____________________ is the main therapeutic agent, while in a cyborg, the therapist assumes a _____

A
  1. Therapist
  2. Secondary role
30
Q

Three therapeutic methods of cyborg therapy, except:

○ Artificial physical therapy
○ Robot-assisted therapy
○ Robotic orthopedic therapy
○ Robot prosthetic therapy

A

Robot prosthetic therapy

31
Q

This therapy comprises the application of non-ionizing radiation or other physical phenomena that produce a physical effect to restore the original balance of the system.

A

ARTIFICIAL PHYSICAL THERAPY

32
Q

6 types of artificial physical therapy & an example of each:

A

○ Electrotherapy (electricity)
○ Magnetotherapy (magnetism)
○ Ultrasonic therapy (ultrasound)
○ Microwaves and shortwaves (diathermy)
○ Thermotherapy (hot and cold packs)
○ Phototherapy (infrared)

33
Q

This therapy focuses to restore the dysfunctional mechanism utilizing robots.

  • The agents are material supports that can be located outside or around the body with neurological impairment.
A

ROBOT-ASSISTED THERAPY

34
Q

T/F Examples of robot-assisted therapy include:

§ Exoskeleton (robot-assisted arm and robot-assisted walking)

§ Functional electrical stimulation

A

T

35
Q

Identify the therapy wherein Physical rehabilitation can replace or substitute for damaged biological structures and functions by utilizing the cyborg body.

A

ROBOTIC ORTHOPEDIC THERAPY

36
Q

T/F Examples of robotic orthopedic therapy include:

§ Hydraulic and pneumatic compression (KAFO and AFO)

§ Electronic devices (hearing aids, vagus nerve stimulator, adapted keyboard)

A

T

37
Q

Functionalism Claims that a mental state is a functional organization of the mind, which is (equivocally/not unequivocally) related to the brain activity but to the (functional/non functional) state.

A

Not unequivocally

Functional

38
Q

This new paradigm emerged during the cognitive revolution to understand the mind outside the mechanistic view.

A

Functionalism

39
Q

2 Categories of functionalism

A

Computationalism
○ Connectionism

40
Q

Computational Therapy

  • Has emerged during ____
A

1960s

41
Q

Identify the therapy wherein The main idea of this model is that the mind is equivalent to a computer’s software.

  • The way in which the mind processes and manipulates information is very similar to how a computer program does it.
  • Defined information processing mind as the process in which “the sensory input” is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, and used” processing similar to a computational system. (Neisser, 1967)
A

Computational Therapy

42
Q

T/F in computational therapy:
This paradigm produced a radical turn in the goals of therapy & shifted from mechanistic therapy focused on the recovering movement of the limbs to recover the function of movements in mind.

A

T

43
Q

T/F. Two central assumptions of computational therapy is that:
o Mind is a computational system that works with ____________________ (representationalism).

o The symbolic processing is predetermined in the mind; that is, the mind possesses an invariant structure that cannot be modified by experience.

A

T, works with symbols

44
Q

Computational therapy allows interventions to be explained on two levels.

o The mind is considered as an ____________________ (sensorial input, storing motor action, understanding, and producing language).

o The motor intervention is considered as ____________________ (higher level of cognitive processes).

A

Unconscious process

Conscious process

45
Q

T/F Examples of Computational Therapy INCLUDE:
○ Sensory Feedback techniques
○ Biofeedback techniques
○ Dual-task training
○ Fragmentation of motor action
○ Sequencing of motor
action
○ Communicative strategies
○ Mental practice
○ Virtual Reality
○ Augmented Reality
○ Computer Games

A

T

46
Q

This therapy is Developed during the 1980s.

  • Explains that the mind is the activation of neural networks.
A

CONNECTIONISM/BRAIN THERAPY

47
Q

T/F. Two essential features of connectionism:

o In opposition to computationalism, the mind is not based on symbolic representation. It is not understood as a symbolic processing system; rather, the mind is the outcome of global cooperation among the activated neurons. The information is processed simultaneously.

o The mind is understood to be a brain process modified by the subject’s experience; the mind is not static but continuously changes by interaction with the environment (neuroplasticity/Hebb’s law).

A. TT
B. TF
C. FT
D. FF

A

A

48
Q

T/F. Examples of brain therapy:

○ Bilateral training
○ Mirror therapy
○ Constraint-induced movement therapy
○ Transcranial magnetic stimulation
○ Cerebral neuroprosthesis

A

T

49
Q

FUNCTIONALISTIC REHABILITATION

Sensory feedback techniques
Biofeedback techniques
Dual task training
Fragmentation of motor action
Sequencing of motor action
Communicative strategies
Mental practice
Virtual reality
Augmented reality
Computer games

A. Computational Therapy
B.Brain Therapy

A

A

50
Q

FUNCTIONALISTIC REHABILITATION

Bilateral training
Mirror therapy
Constraint-induced movement therapy
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Cerebral neuroprosthesis

A. Computational Therapy
B.Brain Therapy

A

B.Brain Therapy

51
Q

MECHANISTIC CLASSIFICATIONS OF THE DIFFERENT THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES UNDER CYBORG THERAPY

Thermotherapy
Diathermy
Electrotherapy
Ultrasonic therapy
Magnetotherapy
Phototherapy Aerosol therapy

A. ARTIFICIAL PHYSICAL THERAPY
B. ROBOT-ASSISTED THERAPY
C. ROBOTIC ORTHOPEDIC THERAPY

A

A

52
Q

MECHANISTIC CLASSIFICATIONS OF THE DIFFERENT THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES UNDER CYBORG THERAPY

Exoskeleton
FES

A. ARTIFICIAL PHYSICAL THERAPY
B. ROBOT-ASSISTED THERAPY
C. ROBOTIC ORTHOPEDIC THERAPY

A

B

53
Q

MECHANISTIC CLASSIFICATIONS OF THE DIFFERENT THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES UNDER CYBORG THERAPY

Robotic orthosis
Robotic assistive product
Peripheral neuroprosthesis
Bionic prosthesis

A. ARTIFICIAL PHYSICAL THERAPY
B. ROBOT-ASSISTED THERAPY
C. ROBOTIC ORTHOPEDIC THERAPY

A

C

54
Q

AUTOMATON THERAPY

Heliotherapy
Thalassotherapy
Balneotherapy
Climate therapy
Peloid therapy
Hydrotherapy

A. NATURAL PHYSICAL THERAPY
B. KINESIOTHERAPY
C. TRADITIONAL ORTHOPEDIC THERAPY
D. SINGULAR THERAPIES

A

A

55
Q

AUTOMATON THERAPY

Massotherapy
Stretching
Strengthening
Movement
Flexibility
Aerobic resistance

A. NATURAL PHYSICAL THERAPY
B. KINESIOTHERAPY
C. TRADITIONAL ORTHOPEDIC THERAPY
D. SINGULAR THERAPIES

A

B

56
Q

AUTOMATON THERAPY

Prosthesis
Orthosis
Assistive product

A. NATURAL PHYSICAL THERAPY
B. KINESIOTHERAPY
C. TRADITIONAL ORTHOPEDIC THERAPY
D. SINGULAR THERAPIES

A

C

57
Q

AUTOMATON THERAPY

Bobath
Castillo Morales
PNF
Halliwick
Brunstonn
Vojta
MRP
Le Métayer

A. NATURAL PHYSICAL THERAPY
B. KINESIOTHERAPY
C. TRADITIONAL ORTHOPEDIC THERAPY
D. SINGULAR THERAPIES

A

D

(3) Emerging PT Practice (6 decks)

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