History of Physical Therapy

Question 1

T/F Rehabilitation is primarily focused on two important aspects of clinical interventions:

• Validation, measurement, and assessment
• Quantification of the improvements during the therapeutic process

Answer 1

T

Question 2

T/F in Challenges in Physical Therapy Practice:

Rehabilitation professionals knows which therapeutic agents are working to improve motor disorders.

Answer 2

F, Rehabilitation professionals do not know

Question 3

T/F in Challenges in Physical Therapy Practice:

Lacks a unified theory to explain the different treatments.

Lacks integrative taxonomy that simultaneously explains and links the therapeutic agents, the physical impairments, and the activities involved in improving the physical sequels.

A. TT
B. TF
C. FT
D. FF

Answer 3

A

Question 4

T/F in Resolution of the Diversity in the Practice

Specialists categorized rehabilitation based on the function:

• Activity conducted during the intervention.
• Elements that strengthen the understanding of rehabilitation treatment.

A. TT
B. TF
C. FT
D. FF

Answer 4

A

Question 5

(T/F) Resolution of the Diversity in the Practice

Specialists categorized rehabilitation based on the function:

• Impairments that the rehabilitation is attempting to correct.
• Performance-related interventions.

A. TT
B. TF
C. FT
D. FF

Answer 5

A

Question 6

T/F in Resolution of the Diversity in the Practice

Specialists categorized rehabilitation based on the function of the Therapeutic agents that are applied in the therapy.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Identification in the Historical Views in Physical Therapy Practice

• A human being is a machine.
• It is defined as “a system of parts that operate or interact like a machine, transmitting forces, motion, and energy to one another.”

Answer 7

Mechanism

Question 8

2 Categories of mechanism

Answer 8

• Automaton therapy
• Cyborg therapy

Question 9

Automaton Therapy was developed during the _____________

Answer 9

17th century

Question 10

Identify the therapy.
For what is the heart, but a spring; and the nerves, but so many strings, and the joints, but so many wheels, giving motion to the whole body.” Hobbes (1994)

• It presents the human being comprising traditional physical mechanisms.

Answer 10

Automaton therapy

Question 11

Automaton therapy is divided into 4 treatment methods namely:

Answer 11

Natural physical therapy
○ Kinesiotherapy
○ Traditional orthopedic therapy
○ Singular therapies

Question 12

T/F. Automaton therapy

• utilizes physical elements originate in nature without the intervention of human beings

● It requires technology

A.TT
B.TF
C.FT
D.FF

Answer 12

B, it doesn’t require technology

Question 13

Identification of natural therapy:

Sun is as source of vitamin D

Answer 13

Heliotherapy (sun)

Question 14

Identification of natural therapy: Seawater is good for lungs

Answer 14

Thalassotherapy (seawater)

Question 15

Identification of natural therapy: Still used for wound treating, ROM and relaxation

Answer 15

Hydrotherapy (running water)

Question 16

Identification of natural therapy: Heat for relaxation and dec pain

Answer 16

Balneotherapy (thermal and mineral water)

Question 17

Identification of natural therapy: Use climate to know the effects of a certain disease

Answer 17

Climate therapy (coastal climate)

Question 18

Identification of natural therapy: Still used as a superficial heating modality for relaxation and dec pain

Answer 18

Peloid therapy (mud and sludge)

Question 19

What therapy has
The therapeutic effects are based on the movement recovery of a dysfunctional mechanism.

• It attempts to restore the anatomo-physiological balance of the body part/s.

Answer 19

Kinesiotherapy

Question 20

The agent is the person who ________

Answer 20

Is doing the exercise

Question 21

6 Examples of kinesiotherapy & their uses:

Answer 21

Stretching
■ For tightness

○ Strengthening
■ For weakness

○ Joint flexibility
■ For ROM

○ Aerobic exercise
■ Resolve cardiovascular problems

○ Massage
■ For relaxation of muscles

○ Passive and active movement
■ Related to joint flexibility

Question 22

This therapy Focuses on correcting and avoiding deformities, such as substituting for or replacing the mechanical function.

• The goal is to improve the dysfunctional mechanism.

Answer 22

Traditional Orthopedic Therapy

Question 23

T/F. Three methodologies in orthopedic therapy include:

§ Application of non-technological supports to substitute aesthetically and mechanically for an organ

§ Replacing or increasing the mechanical function of the damaged body

§ Similar to orthosis but does not require continuous contact with the body to perform its mechanical function

Answer 23

T

Question 24

This therapy states that Each method has a particular view of how the treatment must be applied to a person with the impairment.

Answer 24

Singular Therapies

Question 25

Examples of singular therapies, except: § Castillo Morales concept § Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation § Hallwick method § Brunstromm method § Vojta method § Motor relearning method § Motor programming method

Answer 25

There’s no such thing as Motor programming method

Question 26

Cyborg Therapy - It was developed during ____

Answer 26

18th century

Question 27

This therapy Assumes that the human being is like a cyborg. - This indicates that the biological body and its artificial extension must coordinate perfectly to achieve mechanical objectives.

Answer 27

Cyborg therapy

Question 28

This therapy states that: The application of this therapy is not only circumscribed to a corporal surface but also is related to the inside of the body and a person’s environment. - Application of technology (robotics) in the treatment.

Answer 28

Cyborg therapy

Question 29

In an automaton, the ____________________ is the main therapeutic agent, while in a cyborg, the therapist assumes a _____

Answer 29

1. Therapist 2. Secondary role

Question 30

Three therapeutic methods of cyborg therapy, except: ○ Artificial physical therapy ○ Robot-assisted therapy ○ Robotic orthopedic therapy ○ Robot prosthetic therapy

Answer 30

Robot prosthetic therapy

Question 31

This therapy comprises the application of non-ionizing radiation or other physical phenomena that produce a physical effect to restore the original balance of the system.

Answer 31

ARTIFICIAL PHYSICAL THERAPY

Question 32

6 types of artificial physical therapy & an example of each:

Answer 32

○ Electrotherapy (electricity) ○ Magnetotherapy (magnetism) ○ Ultrasonic therapy (ultrasound) ○ Microwaves and shortwaves (diathermy) ○ Thermotherapy (hot and cold packs) ○ Phototherapy (infrared)

Question 33

This therapy focuses to restore the dysfunctional mechanism utilizing robots. * The agents are material supports that can be located outside or around the body with neurological impairment.

Answer 33

ROBOT-ASSISTED THERAPY

Question 34

T/F Examples of robot-assisted therapy include: § Exoskeleton (robot-assisted arm and robot-assisted walking) § Functional electrical stimulation

Answer 34

T

Question 35

Identify the therapy wherein Physical rehabilitation can replace or substitute for damaged biological structures and functions by utilizing the cyborg body.

Answer 35

ROBOTIC ORTHOPEDIC THERAPY

Question 36

T/F Examples of robotic orthopedic therapy include: § Hydraulic and pneumatic compression (KAFO and AFO) § Electronic devices (hearing aids, vagus nerve stimulator, adapted keyboard)

Answer 36

T

Question 37

Functionalism Claims that a mental state is a functional organization of the mind, which is (equivocally/not unequivocally) related to the brain activity but to the (functional/non functional) state.

Answer 37

Not unequivocally Functional

Question 38

This new paradigm emerged during the cognitive revolution to understand the mind outside the mechanistic view.

Answer 38

Functionalism

Question 39

2 Categories of functionalism

Answer 39

Computationalism ○ Connectionism

Question 40

Computational Therapy - Has emerged during ____

Answer 40

1960s

Question 41

Identify the therapy wherein The main idea of this model is that the mind is equivalent to a computer's software. - The way in which the mind processes and manipulates information is very similar to how a computer program does it. - Defined information processing mind as the process in which “the sensory input” is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, and used” processing similar to a computational system. (Neisser, 1967)

Answer 41

Computational Therapy

Question 42

T/F in computational therapy: This paradigm produced a radical turn in the goals of therapy & shifted from mechanistic therapy focused on the recovering movement of the limbs to recover the function of movements in mind.

Answer 42

T

Question 43

T/F. Two central assumptions of computational therapy is that: o Mind is a computational system that works with ____________________ (representationalism). o The symbolic processing is predetermined in the mind; that is, the mind possesses an invariant structure that cannot be modified by experience.

Answer 43

T, works with symbols

Question 44

Computational therapy allows interventions to be explained on two levels. o The mind is considered as an ____________________ (sensorial input, storing motor action, understanding, and producing language). o The motor intervention is considered as ____________________ (higher level of cognitive processes).

Answer 44

Unconscious process Conscious process

Question 45

T/F Examples of Computational Therapy INCLUDE: ○ Sensory Feedback techniques ○ Biofeedback techniques ○ Dual-task training ○ Fragmentation of motor action ○ Sequencing of motor action ○ Communicative strategies ○ Mental practice ○ Virtual Reality ○ Augmented Reality ○ Computer Games

Answer 45

T

Question 46

This therapy is Developed during the 1980s. - Explains that the mind is the activation of neural networks.

Answer 46

CONNECTIONISM/BRAIN THERAPY

Question 47

T/F. Two essential features of connectionism: o In opposition to computationalism, the mind is not based on symbolic representation. It is not understood as a symbolic processing system; rather, the mind is the outcome of global cooperation among the activated neurons. The information is processed simultaneously. o The mind is understood to be a brain process modified by the subject's experience; the mind is not static but continuously changes by interaction with the environment (neuroplasticity/Hebb’s law). A. TT B. TF C. FT D. FF

Answer 47

A

Question 48

T/F. Examples of brain therapy: ○ Bilateral training ○ Mirror therapy ○ Constraint-induced movement therapy ○ Transcranial magnetic stimulation ○ Cerebral neuroprosthesis

Answer 48

T

Question 49

FUNCTIONALISTIC REHABILITATION Sensory feedback techniques Biofeedback techniques Dual task training Fragmentation of motor action Sequencing of motor action Communicative strategies Mental practice Virtual reality Augmented reality Computer games A. Computational Therapy B.Brain Therapy

Answer 49

A

Question 50

FUNCTIONALISTIC REHABILITATION Bilateral training Mirror therapy Constraint-induced movement therapy Transcranial magnetic stimulation Cerebral neuroprosthesis A. Computational Therapy B.Brain Therapy

Answer 50

B.Brain Therapy

Question 51

MECHANISTIC CLASSIFICATIONS OF THE DIFFERENT THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES UNDER CYBORG THERAPY Thermotherapy Diathermy Electrotherapy Ultrasonic therapy Magnetotherapy Phototherapy Aerosol therapy A. ARTIFICIAL PHYSICAL THERAPY B. ROBOT-ASSISTED THERAPY C. ROBOTIC ORTHOPEDIC THERAPY

Answer 51

A

Question 52

MECHANISTIC CLASSIFICATIONS OF THE DIFFERENT THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES UNDER CYBORG THERAPY Exoskeleton FES A. ARTIFICIAL PHYSICAL THERAPY B. ROBOT-ASSISTED THERAPY C. ROBOTIC ORTHOPEDIC THERAPY

Answer 52

B

Question 53

MECHANISTIC CLASSIFICATIONS OF THE DIFFERENT THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES UNDER CYBORG THERAPY Robotic orthosis Robotic assistive product Peripheral neuroprosthesis Bionic prosthesis A. ARTIFICIAL PHYSICAL THERAPY B. ROBOT-ASSISTED THERAPY C. ROBOTIC ORTHOPEDIC THERAPY

Answer 53

C

Question 54

AUTOMATON THERAPY Heliotherapy Thalassotherapy Balneotherapy Climate therapy Peloid therapy Hydrotherapy A. NATURAL PHYSICAL THERAPY B. KINESIOTHERAPY C. TRADITIONAL ORTHOPEDIC THERAPY D. SINGULAR THERAPIES

Answer 54

A

Question 55

AUTOMATON THERAPY Massotherapy Stretching Strengthening Movement Flexibility Aerobic resistance A. NATURAL PHYSICAL THERAPY B. KINESIOTHERAPY C. TRADITIONAL ORTHOPEDIC THERAPY D. SINGULAR THERAPIES

Answer 55

B

Question 56

AUTOMATON THERAPY Prosthesis Orthosis Assistive product A. NATURAL PHYSICAL THERAPY B. KINESIOTHERAPY C. TRADITIONAL ORTHOPEDIC THERAPY D. SINGULAR THERAPIES

Answer 56

C

Question 57

AUTOMATON THERAPY Bobath Castillo Morales PNF Halliwick Brunstonn Vojta MRP Le Métayer A. NATURAL PHYSICAL THERAPY B. KINESIOTHERAPY C. TRADITIONAL ORTHOPEDIC THERAPY D. SINGULAR THERAPIES

Answer 57

D