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Perspective in Pharmacy > HISTORY OF PHARMACY > Flashcards

HISTORY OF PHARMACY Flashcards

1
Q

Precision Medicine Initiative

A

2015, Pres Barack Obama

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2
Q

Last state to allow pharmacists to administer immunizations

A

2009, Maine

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3
Q

the founding Dean of the Feik School of Pharmacy at the University of the Incarnate world

A

2006, Dr Arcelia Johnson-Fannin

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4
Q

Nationally recognized training program instituted to support pharmacists administering vaccinations

A

1996, Pharmacy Based Immunization Delivery

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5
Q

The first medication proven to help treat people infected with AIDS/HIV

A

1984, Retrovir (Zidovudine or AZT)

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6
Q

Generic drugs to be approved for sale while giving pharmaceutical companies longer market exclusivity to encourage continues drug research

A

1984, Hatch-Waxman Act

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7
Q

Introduced the first Hepatitis B vaccine

A

1984, Merck Sharp and Dohme

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8
Q

the first african american & the first woman to be elected as the pres of APhA

A

1979, Mary Munson Runge

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9
Q

Medicine used to treat high blood pressure and heart problems

A

1967, beta-blockers

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10
Q

1965

A

National Medicare and Medicaid programs are created

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11
Q

Who developed oral polio vaccine

A

1961, Albert Sabin at the University of Cincinnati

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12
Q

Who developed an injectable polio vaccine

A

1955, Jonas Salk

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13
Q

Meaning of AACP

A

American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy

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14
Q

What did AACP approved of in 1954

A

The requiring of the completion of 5 years of academic training to earn a degree in pharmacy.

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15
Q

what did the FDA approved of in 1950

A

the first diuretic to treat high blood pressure

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16
Q

earliest anti-cancer agents with the ability to destroy cancer cells

A

1948, Methotrexate developed by Lederle Laboratories

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17
Q

the first antibiotic not derived from fungi or bacteria but the actinomycetes

A

1944, Streptomycin by Selman Waksman and colleagues at Rutgers University

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18
Q

formation of the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists (ASHP)

A

1942

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19
Q

Penicillin in medicinal form

A

1940, Howard Florey, Ernest Chain, and Norman Heatley

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20
Q

Why did FDC Act passed

A

response to the Elixir of Sulfonilamide tragedy

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20
Q

The law requires new drugs to be tested for safety and approved by the FDA before being sold in the market

A

1938 Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act

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21
Q

when was it required to have a 4-year program to receive a Bs Pharma degree

A

1932

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22
Q

1928

A

Alexander Fleming discovers Penicillin

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23
Q

isolate insulin

A

1922, Fredrick Banting, Charles Best, John Macleod, and James Collip

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24
Q

America’s first pharmacy sorority

A

1921, Kappa Epsilon

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25
Q

First known African-american graduate of the Univ of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy

A

1920, Leo Vinton Butts

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26
Q

requires manufacturer who import additive substances, such as Opium and Cocaine to be registered

A

1914, Harrison Narcotic Act

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26
Q

the first Black woman to graduate form the Brooklyn College of Pharmacy and licensed pharmacist in the US

A

1908, Anna Louise James

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27
Q

the first effective treatment against Syphilis

A

1907, Arsphenamine (compound 606)

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27
Q

who discovered Arsphenamine

A

Paul Ehrlich

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28
Q

New York state requires graduation from a minimum of 2-year course in pharmacy before taking the licensing examination

A

1905

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28
Q

who successfully synthesized salicylic acid or aspirin

A

1892, german pharmacist Felix Hoffmann

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28
Q

the first african american woman to successfully own and operate her own drugstore

A

1899, Julia Pearl Hughes

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29
Q

the first african american registered pharmacist in the state of Massachusetts

A

1886, Robert H Carter

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30
Q

who created a syrup (the original coca-cola)

A

1886, Dr. John Stitch Pemberton from Atlanta

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31
Q

Developed the rabbies vaccine

A

1885, Louis Pasteur

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32
Q

the first established national professional society of American Pharmacists

A

1852, American Pharmaceutical (Pharmacists) Association

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33
Q

Opened the first black owned pharmacy

A

1837, Dr. James McCune Smith

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34
Q

first african american to earn a medical degree

A

1837, Dr. James McCune Smith

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35
Q

one of the first pharmacist to introduce soda fountain

A

1825, Elias Durand

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36
Q

America’s first school of Pharmacy

A

1821, Philadelphia college of Pharmacy

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37
Q

discovered the first known heart medicine

A

1799, John Ferrriar

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38
Q

system of standard to be used as reference guide for professional pharmacists

A

1820, United States Pharmacopeia (USP)

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39
Q

first hospital pharmacy

A

1752, Philadelphia Hospital

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40
Q

wiped out 1/3 of the world’s population

A

1347-1351, Bubonic Plague (Black Death)

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40
Q

opened one of colonial america’s first apothecaries in Philadelphia

A

1729, Christopher Marshall

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41
Q

Father of American Pharmacy

A

William Procter Jr.

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41
Q

Pharmaceutical boards

A

1868, John Maish

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41
Q

Published the Practice of Pharmacy

A

1885, Joseph Remington

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41
Q

Defines what drugs require prescription by a licensed practitioner and requires to include legend to the label

A

1951, Durham-Humphrey Amendment

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41
Q

prohibited interstate commerce and adulterated or misbranded food and drugs

A

Food and Drug Act of 1906

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41
Q

Mandate drug manufacturers to submit evidence of new drugs’ safety and effectiveness before marketing

A

1938 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic (FDC act)

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41
Q

Requires drug manufacturers to provide proof of both safety and effectiveness before marketing

A

1962 Kefauver-Harris Amendments

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41
Q

Requires childproof packaging on all controlled and most prescribed drugs

A

1970 Poison Prevention Packaging Act

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42
Q

Classifies drugs that may be easily abused and restricts their distribution

A

1970 Controlled Substance Act (CSA)

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43
Q

Required Pharmacists to offer counseling to Medicaid patients regarding medications

A

1990 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act

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44
Q

Serpent drinking from a bowl

A

Bowl of Hygeia

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44
Q

Provide broad and stringent regulation to protect patients’ privacy

A

1996, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability

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44
Q

Symbols of Pharmacy

A

Bowl of Hygeia, Caduceus, Mortar and Pestle, Rx Symbol

45
Q

Goddess of Health

A

Hygeia

46
Q

father of Hygeia

A

Aesculapiu

46
Q

The symbol of 2 snakes on a staff

A

Caduceus

46
Q

Caduceus is carried by

A

Mercury (Roman) or Hermes (Greek)

47
Q

tools in traditional pharmacy

A

Mortar and Pestle

48
Q

the recipe sign

A

Rx

48
Q

latin of recipe

A

take thou

48
Q

rites of shamans

A

oral rite, manual rite

49
Q

faith healers

A

shamans

49
Q

shanidar cave burial

A

50,000 yrs ago, Neanderthal man buried in the Shanidar cave of Northern Iraq

50
Q

they believe that one could avoid disease leading a righteous life and worshiping the proper god

A

Mesopotamians

51
Q

3 Deities/gods

A

Ninazu, Ningishzida, Gula (Ninkarrak)

51
Q

Lord Physician

A

Ninazu

52
Q

Son of Ninazu

A

Ningishzida

53
Q

Goddess of death and healing, Patroness of the Physicians, great lady of physicians

A

Gula (Ninkarrak)

53
Q

3 main medical practitioners

A

Asu, Ashipu, Baru

53
Q

Believed that a sick person was one our of harmony with the world

A

Ancient Egyptians

54
Q

Library oof Nineveh

A

32,000 clay tablets

55
Q

Thoth

A

the inventor of science and medicine, and the patron of physicians

56
Q

Imhotep

A

the god of medicine, first to establish medical healing

57
Q

kinetic scroll over 800 prescriptions using over 700 herbal remedies

A

1500BC, Papyrus Ebers

58
Q

Pen-ts’ao

A

material medica, fundamental of simples, and the botanical basis of pharmacy

58
Q

Father of Pharmaceutics in Ancient china

A

Shen-nung by Liu An 2nd Century BC

59
Q

Greek physician who established practices of treating patients

A

Hippocrates

60
Q

Father of Botany

A

Theophrastus (300BC)

60
Q

seeking a natural basis for disease, its causes and treatment

A

Greek medicine (Ancient Greece)

61
Q

botanical works of Theophrastus

A

De Historia Plantarum and De Causis Plantarum

62
Q

400AD-1453

A

Middle Ages

62
Q

A prominent Greek physician, surgeon, and
philosopher in the Roman Empire.

A

CLAUDIUS GALEN

63
Q

name still is associated
with that class of pharmaceuticals
compounded by mechanical means

A

Galenicals.

64
Q

a 5-volume encyclopedia about herbal
medicine and related medicinal substances

A

De Materia Medica

64
Q

Mohamedanism

A

Greek writings about medicine were
translated to Arabic.

64
Q

He was the originator of the formula for a
COLD CREAM

A

CLAUDIUS GALEN

64
Q

The royal toxicologist

A

MITHRIDATES VI, KING OF PONTUS (ABOUT 100
BC)

64
Q

It is the oldest
pharmaceutical compound
in existence

A

Hiera picra (holy bitter)

64
Q

Or sealed earth was a
greasy clay. It was formed
into large, tablet-like units

A

Terra sigillata

64
Q

Intended as an antidote to
the bites of wild creatures,
eventually became a
universal antidote for
poisons and remedy used
in many illnesses.

A

Theriaca (tiriaca, treacle)

64
Q

the author of De Materia Medica

A

PEDANIOS DIOSCORIDES (1st Century AD)

65
Q

Works of Galen and Dioscorides was
accepted by Arabs.

A

Mohamedanism

66
Q

translated the entire
available Hippocratic corpus and works of
Galen, Dioscorides, Oribasius and Paul of
Aegina.

A

Hunain ibn Ishaq

67
Q

compile a prototype of the
formularies now used today – it was a
compilation of formulas or recipes for
medications, arranged in an order

A

Sabur ibn Sahl, al-Aqrabadhin al-Kabir

68
Q

Persian
Philosopher and physician sought to unify all
medical knowledge in his Canon medicinae.

A

Ibn Sina, Avicenna

69
Q

contained a treatise on
poisons, sections on the preparation of
medicines, and a long list of medicinal
recipe

A

Canon medicinae

70
Q

Rejected the old idea that foul tasting worked
best in medicine.

A

RHAZES (860-932) & AVICENNA (980-1063)

70
Q

codified the separate
practice of pharmacy from medicine.

A

King Fredrick II of Sicily

70
Q

They developed and exerted effort in their
dosage forms elegant and palatable through
silvering of pills and use of syrups.

A

AZES (860-932) & AVICENNA (980-1063)

71
Q

introduced the idea of the body as a
chemical process which became more widely applied
in pharmacy.

A

Paracelsus

72
Q

Father of
Toxicology

A

Paracelsus

73
Q

Paracelsus

A

Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von
Hohenheim

73
Q

treat
malarial fevers.

A

Quinine drug (1820)

74
Q

proved that microorganisms
caused diseases

A

Robert Koch (1876)

74
Q

GERM THEORY OF DISEASE

A

By Pasteur and Koch (1880 – 1890)

74
Q

3 vaccines discovered by Pasteur and Koch

A

fowl cholera (1881), anthrax (1881) and
rabies (1885).

75
Q

First discovered chemotherapeutic agents.

A

Paul Ehrlich’s Salvarsan in 1910

75
Q

Introduced the “selective toxicity” principle

A

Paul Ehrlich’s Salvarsan in 1910

76
Q

dramatic change for medical care including
Pharmacy.

A

20th century

77
Q

discoveries in 20th century

A

Cortisones, tranquilizers, antihypertensives,
radioisotopes and oral contraceptives

77
Q

leading retail pharmacy, in large-scale
chemical manufacturer, a place for training
pharmacists, and an important supply depot
during the American Revolution.

A

MARSHALL APOTHECARY IN PHILADELPHIA

77
Q

when was Patents granted

A

1790

78
Q

started self service in the Pharmacy.

A

Jack Eckerd (1945)

78
Q

first hospital pharmacist

A

Jonathan Roberts

78
Q

a pharmacist and a physician
championed prescription writing and the
separation of the two professions.

A

John Morgan

78
Q

Who started the first hospital pharmacy internship
program

A

Harvey Whitney in
1927 at the University of Michigan Hospital
in Ann Harbor.

78
Q

When was American Society of Hospital Pharmacists
(ASHP) formed

A

1942

79
Q

in 1995, ASHP changes its name to

A

American Society of Health System
Pharmacists.

79
Q

When ASHP ended joint membership with APhA

A

1972

79
Q

pre-historic periods in the Ph

A

Mythical period, superstitious period, empirical period

80
Q

A woman mystic who is “a specialist” in the
fields of culture, religion, medicine and all
kinds of theoretical knowledge about the
phenomenon of nature.

A

KATALONAN OR BABAYLAN

81
Q

Ancient Filipino believed that diseases are
caused by spiritual or elemental forces.

A

Superstitious Period

81
Q

These are skilled men in the use of healing
herbs

A

Herbolarios

81
Q

When did the spanish period began

A

Began with the arrival of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi’s
expedition on February 13, 1565 from Mexico

82
Q

the first great institution of learning established
in the Philippines.

A

University of Santo Tomas

82
Q

UST old name

A

“Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Santísimo Rosario”

83
Q

Dominican priest, native of Madrid “Medicinas
Caseras” 1st Edition 1786 – contained
suggestions for treatment of certain diseases

A

Fr. Fernando Santa Maria (1704 – 1774)

84
Q

3 TOPICs of Medicinas Caseras

A

Medicinal barks and herbs, Various sickness , Various secrets and rareties worth
knowing

85
Q

His botanical masterpiece “Flora de
Filipinas”

A

Fr. Blanco, OSA

86
Q

The purpose is to protect the health of the Filipinos by
producing well-trained practitioners to help the
physicians and pharmacist.

A

Establishment of the school of “practicantes de medicina
y farmacia”

87
Q

Spanish Pharmacist and Physician who owned a small apothecary shop

A

Don Lorenzo
Negrao (Escolta, Manila 1830)

88
Q

Constructed in 1577 by the Franciscans

A

Hospital de San Juan de Dios adn San Larazo Hospital

89
Q

Hospital managed by the Dominicans in 1588

A

Hospital de San Gabriel in Binondo

90
Q

Establishment of the Board of
Pharmaceutical Examiners

A

1903 (American Occupation)

91
Q

Board of Pharmaceutical Examiners

A

1903

92
Q

The 1st chain of drugstores in the
Philippines

A

Southstar drug (1937)

93
Q

It is the National Profession Organization of
Pharmacists in the Philippines.

A

PPhA (1920)

94
Q

Who organized review class for UST graduates for the Boards

A

Dr. Alejandro Albert (1904)

95
Q

Review class Converted into the Manila College of
Pharmacy

A

Atty. Felimon Tanchoco 1915

96
Q

First filipino run pharmacy school

A

1947 – Manila Central University

97
Q

He is the First Filipino Pharmacist

A

Leon Maria Guerrero y Leogardo

Perspective in Pharmacy (4 decks)

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