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Perspective in Pharmacy > Definitions of Selected Drug Categories > Flashcards

Definitions of Selected Drug Categories Flashcards

1
Q

An agent that will induce an abortion

A

Abortifacient

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2
Q

An agent that removes an external layer, such as dental plaque (pumice)

A

Abradant

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2
Q

an adrenal cortex hormone that regulates organic metabolism and inhibits inflammatory response; a glucocorticoid (prednisolone, prednisone)

A

Adrenocorticosteroid, anti-inflammatory

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2
Q

a drug that lowers the internal body pH; it is useful in restoring normal pH in patients with systematic alkalosis (ammonium chloride)

A

Acidifier, Systematic

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2
Q

see Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor

A

ACE Inhibitor

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2
Q

a drug that takes up other chemicals into its substance; it is used to reduce the free availability of toxic chemicals

A

Absorbent

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2
Q

a drug that lowers the pH of the renal filtrate and urine (sodium dihydrogen phosphate)

A

Acidifier, urinary

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2
Q

a drug that activates organs innervated by the sympathetic nervous system; sympathomimetic drug (epinephrine, norepinephrine)

A

Adrenergic

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2
Q

an adrenal cortex hormone that regulates sodium/potassium balance in the body; a mineralocorticoid (desoxycorticosterone acetate)

A

Adrenocorticosteroid, salt-regulating

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3
Q

A hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids (corticotropin)

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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3
Q

a drug that binds other chemicals into its surface; used to reduce the free availability of toxic chemicals

A

Adsorbent

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3
Q

A drug that reacts with and activates physio-reical receptors and induces the associated biologic response

A

Agonist

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3
Q

a drug that alters physiology so that unpleasant symptoms follow ingestion of ethanol-untaining products (disulfiram).

A

Alcohol-abuse deterrent

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4
Q

a drug that blocks he conversion of acetaldehyde to acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase (disulfiram).

A

Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor

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5
Q

a drug that raises the internal body pH; it is useful in restoring normal pH in patients with systemic acidosis (sodium bicarbonate).

A

Alkalinizer, Systemic

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6
Q

an antineoplastic drug that attacks malignant cells by reacting covalently with their DNA (chlorambucil).

A

Alkylating Agent

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7
Q

a drug that blocks the digestion of carbohydrates into simple sugars that will increase blood sugar levels (oral diabetic drugs).

A

Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor

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8
Q

A drug that activates sympathetic nervous system alpha receptors, for example, to induce vasoconstriction (norepinephrine).

A

Alpha Receptor Agonist

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9
Q

a drug that reacts asymp-tomatically with sympathetic nervous system alpha receptors and prevents their endogenous activation, for example, to induce vasodilation (phentolamine).

A

Alpha Receptor Antagonist

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10
Q

a drug that decreases the levels of available 5a-reductase prior to testosterone’s binding with the enzyme, reducing levels of dihydrotestosterone.

A

Alpha Reductase Inhibitor

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11
Q

an agent used to treat amoebozoa infections
(metronidazole).

A

Amebicide

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12
Q

an androgen analogue with relatively greater anabolic activity; it is used to treat catabolic disorders (methandrostenolone).

A

Anabolic Steroid

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13
Q

a central nervous system stimulant, sometimes used to stimulate respiration during severe central nervous system depression (doxapram, modafinil).

A

Analeptic

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14
Q

a drug that suppresses pain perception (noci-ception) without inducing unconsciousness (morphine sulfate, opioid ; aspirin, nonopioid).

A

Analgesic

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15
Q

A hormone that stimulates and maintains male reproductive function and sex characteristics (testosterone).

A

Androgen

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16
Q

a drug that eliminates pain perception by inducing unconsciousness (ether, inhalation anesthetic; thiopental sodium, intravenous anesthetic; midazolam).

A

Anesthetic, General

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17
Q

a drug that eliminates pain perception in a limited body area by local action on sensory nerves (procaine, lidocaine).

A

Anesthetic, Local

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18
Q

a local anesthetic that is effective upon application to mucous membranes (tetracaine).

A

Anesthetic, Topical

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19
Q

a drug that inhibits biotransformation of angiotensin I into vaso-constricting angiotensin II; it is used to treat hypertension (captopril, ramipril).

A

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor

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20
Q

a drug that acts on the brain to reduce the
appetite.

A

Anorexiant

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21
Q

a drug that suppresses appetite, usually by elevating mood (phentermine, sibutramine).

A

Anorexic

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22
Q

a drug that neutralizes excess gastric acid (calcium carbonate).

A

Antacid

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23
Q

a drug that reacts asymptomatically with physiological receptors and prevents their endogenous activation (naloxone, opioid receptor antagonist; propranolol and metoprolol, beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists).

A

Antagonist

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24
Q

a drug that eradicates intestinal worm infestations (mebendazole).

A

Anthelmintic

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25
Q

a drug that combats the lesions of acne vulgaris (isotretinoin).

A

Antiacne Agent

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26
Q

a drug that inhibits response to sympathetic nerve impulses and adrenergic drugs; a sym-patholytic drug (phentolamine, alpha adrenergic antagonist; metoprolol, beta-adrenergic antagonist).

A

Antiadrenergic

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27
Q

a drug that kills or inhibits protozoan parasites such as Entamoeba histolvtica, causative agent of amebiasis (metronidazole, intestinal antiamebic; chloroquine, extraintestinal antiamebic).

A

Antiamebic

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28
Q

a drug that inhibits response to andro-genic hormones.

A

Antiandrogen

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29
Q

a drug used to treat anemia; see Hematopoietic, Hematinic (ferrous sulfate).

A

Antianemic

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30
Q

a coronary vasodilator useful in preventing or treating attacks of angina pectoris (nitroglycerin).

A

Antianginal

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31
Q

a cardiac depressant useful in suppressing rhythm irregularities of the heart

A

Antiarrythmic

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32
Q

a drug that reduces the joint inflammation of arthritis (anakinra, celecoxib, ibuprofen).

A

Antiarthritic

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33
Q

a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic bacteria (penicillin G, systemic antibacterial; nitrofurantoin, urinary antibacterial; bacitracin, topical antibacterial).

A

Antibacterial

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34
Q

a drug originally of microbial origin used to kill or inhibit bacterial and other infections (clarithromycin, penicillin, levofloxacin)

A

Antibiotic

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35
Q

a drug that lowers plasma cholesterol level (cholestyramine resin; atorvastatin, rosuvas-tatin calcium; simvastatin; ezetimibe).

A

Anticholesterol Agent

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36
Q

a drug that inhibits response to parasympathetic nerve impulses and cholinergic drugs; a para-sympatholytic drug (ipratropium bromide)

A

Anticholinergic

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37
Q

a drug that reactivates cho-linesterase enzyme after its inactivation by organophosphate poisons (pralidoxime).

A

Anticholinesterase Antidote

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38
Q

a drug thar opposes overdosage of anticoagulant drugs (phytonadione, supplies vitamin K to oppose vitamin K-antagonist tanticoagulants)

A

Anticoagulant Antagonist

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39
Q

a nontoxic agent added to collected blood to prevent clotting (anticoagulant citrate dextrose solution).

A

Anticoagulant, for Storage of Whole Blood

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40
Q

a drug administered to slow the clotting of circulating blood (warfarin sodium).

A

Anticoagulant, Systemic

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41
Q

an antieplleptic drug administered pro-phylactically to prevent seizures, or a drug that arrests convulsions by inducing general central nervous system depression (phenytoin, antiepileptic prophylactic; diaze. pam, central nervous system depressant anticonvulsant).

A

Anticonvulsant

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42
Q

a drug used to treat declining mental abilities in the elderly.

A

Antidementia Agent

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43
Q

a centrally acting drug that induces mood elevation, useful in treating mental depression (amitriptyline).

A

Antidepressant

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44
Q

a drug that supplies insulin or stimulates the secretion of insulin; it is useful in treating diabetes mel. litus (insulin injection, supplies insulin; glipizide, stimulates insulin secretion; pioglitazone HCI, exenatide).

A

Antidiabetic

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45
Q

a drug that inhibits intestinal peristalsis; it is used to treat diarrhea (diphenoxylate; bismuth sub-salicylate; loperamide HCI).

A

Antidiarrheal

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46
Q

a drug that promotes renal water reabsor-tion, thus reducing urine volume; it is used to treat neurogenic diabetes insipidus (desmopressin).

A

Antidiuretic

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47
Q

a drug that reduces the effects of ingested poisons (or drug overdoses) by adsorbing toxic material (activated charcoal).

A

Antidote, General Purpose

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48
Q

a drug that reduces the effects of a systemic poison (or drug overdose) by a mechanism that relates to the particular poison (dimercaprol, specific antidote for arsenic, mercury, and gold poisoning; flu-mazenil, complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines).

A

Antidote, Specific

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49
Q

a topical drug that aids in control of
chronic exudative skin lesions (coal tar).

A

Antieczematic

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50
Q

a drug that suppresses nausea and vomiting (ondansetron hydrochloride).

A

Antiemetic

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51
Q

a drug that aids in control of bed-wetting
(enuresis) (imipramine).

A

Antineuritic

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52
Q

a drug that prevents epileptic seizures upon prophylactic administration (valproic acid; topiramate).

A

Antiepileptic

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53
Q

a drug that inhibits the action of estrogenic hormones (tamoxifen).

A

Antiestrogen

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54
Q

a drug that promotes hemostasis by inhibiting clot dissolution (aminocaproic acid).

A

Antifibrinolytic

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55
Q

a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic filarial worms (diethylcarbamazine).

A

Antifilarial

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56
Q

a drug that reduces gastrointestinal gas (simethicone).

A

Antiflatulent

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57
Q

A drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic fungi

A

Antifungal, systematic

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58
Q

a drug applied externally to kill or inhibit pathogenic fungi (tolnaftate).

A

antifungal, Topical

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59
Q

a drug that lowers intraocular fluid pressure; it is used to treat glaucoma (methazolamide and acetazolamide reduce fluid formation; isofluro. phate promotes fluid drainage).

A

Antiglaucoma Agent

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60
Q

a drug that inhibits anterior pituitary secretion of gonadotropins; it is used to suppress ovarian malfunction (danazol).

A

Antigonadotropin

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61
Q

a drug that reduces tissue deposits of wric acid in chronic gout or suppresses the intense inflammatory reaction of acute gout (allopurinol for chronic gout; indomethacin for acute gout).

A

Antigout Agent

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62
Q

a drug that replaces blood clotting factors absent in the hereditary disease hemophilia

A

Antihemophilic

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63
Q

a drug that inhibits replication of herpes simplex virus; it is used to treat genital herpes (acyclovir).

A

Antiherpes Agent

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64
Q

a drug that antagonizes histamine action at H, histamine receptors; it is useful in suppressing the histamine-induced symptoms of allergy (chlorphenira-mine maleate; cetirizine, fexofenadine HCI).

A

Antihistaminic

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65
Q

a drug that lowers plasma cholesterol and lipid levels (atorvastatin).

A

Antihyperlipidemic

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66
Q

a drug that lowers arterial blood pres-sure, especially the elevated diastolic pressure of hypertension (metoprolol; atenolol).

A

Antihypertensive

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67
Q

a drug that elevates plasma calcium level; it is useful in treating hypocalcemia (parathyroid iniection).

A

Antintihypocalcemic

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68
Q

a drug that elevates plasma glucose level; it is useful in treating hypoglycemia (glucagon).

A

Antihypoglycemic

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69
Q

a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic microorganisms and is suitable for sterilizing skin and wounds (povidone iodine liquid soap).

A

Anti-infective, Topical (or Local)

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70
Q

a drug that inhibits physiological response to cell damage (prednisolone, adrenocorticosteroid; ibuprofen, nonsteroid).

A

Anti-inflammatory

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71
Q

a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic protozoa of the genus Leishmania (hydroxystillamidine isethionate).

A

Antileishmanial

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72
Q

a drug that kills or inhibits Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy (dapsone).

A

Antileprotic

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73
Q

a drug that kills or inhibits Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy (dapsone).

A

Antileprotic

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74
Q

an agent that reduces lipid levels in the blood (atorvastatin).

A

Antilipemic

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75
Q

a drug that kills or inhibits protozoa of the genus Plasmodium, the causative agents of malaria (chloroquine).

A

Antimalarial

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76
Q

A drug that suppresses the excitement phase (mania) of bipolar disorder

A

Antimanic

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77
Q

a drug that attacks malignant cells or pathogenic cells by serving as a nonfunctional substl-tute for an essential metabolite (Quorouracil)

A

Antimetabolite

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78
Q

a drug that reduces incidence or severity of migraine vascular headaches (sumatriptan).

A

Antimigraine Agent

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79
Q

a drug that suppresses motion-induced nausea, vomiting, and vertigo (dimen-hydrinate hydrochloride).

A

Anti-Motion Sickness Agent

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80
Q

an anticholinergic drug that inhibits symptoms mediated by acetylcholine receptors of visceral organs (atropine sulfate).

A

Antimuscarinic

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81
Q

a drug used to correct or treat the symptoms of myasthenia gravis.

A

Antimyasthenic Agent

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82
Q

a drug used to treat fungal infections.

A

Antimycobacterial

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83
Q

a drug that suppresses nausea and vomit-ing; an antiemetic (ondansetron).

A

Antinauseant

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84
Q

a drug that attacks malignant (neoplastic) cells in the body (chlorambucil, alkylating agent).

A

Antineoplastic

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85
Q

a drug that eradicates parasitic arthro-pods, helminths, protozoa, etc. (permethrin for scabies, mebendazole for intestinal worms, metronidazole for amebic dysentery, malathion for head lice).

A

Antiparasitic

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86
Q

a drug that sup-presses the neurologic disturbances and symptoms of
parkinsonism (levodopa).

A

Antiparkinsonian (Antidyskinetic)

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87
Q

a drug that inhibits intestinal motility, an antidiarrheal drug (diphenoxylate hydrochloride).

A

Antiperistaltic

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88
Q

a drug that inhibits aggregation of blood platelets; it is used to prevent heart attack (aspi-rin; clopidogrel bisulfate).

A

Antiplatelet Agent

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89
Q

a type of hormone antagonist that antago-nizes or suppresses the actions of progesterone (mife-pristone).

A

Antiprogestin

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90
Q

a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic protozoa (metronidazole).

A

Antiprotozoal

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91
Q

a drug that reduces itching (pruritus) (trime-prazine, systemic ; menthol, topical)

A

Antipruritic

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92
Q

a drug that suppresses the lesions and symptoms of psoriasis (methotrexate, systemic antipso-riatic; anthralin, topical antipsoriatic).

A

Antipsoriatic

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93
Q

a drug that suppresses the symptoms of psychoses of various diagnostic types (haloperidol).

A

Antipsychotic

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94
Q

a drug that restores normal body temperature in the presence of fever (acetaminophen).

A

Antipyretic

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95
Q

a drug with vitamin D activity; it is useful in treating vitamin D deficiency and rickets (cholecalciferol).

A

Antirachitic

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96
Q

a group of drugs used to treat infections caused by retroviruses, especially HIV.

A

Antiretroviral

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97
Q

an anti-inflammatory drug used to treat arthritis and rheumatoid disorders (indomethacin).

A

Antirheumatic

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98
Q

a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic microorganisms of the genus Rickettsia (chloramphenicol).

A

Antirickettsial

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99
Q

a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic flukes of the genus Schistosoma (oxamniquine).

A

Antischistosomal

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100
Q

a drug with vitamin C activity; it is useful in treating vitamin C deficiency and scurvy (ascorbic acid).

A

Antiscorbutic

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101
Q

a drug that aids in the control of seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff) (selenium sulfide).

A

Antiseborrhelc

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102
Q

an agent that acts to reduce or inhibit gastric secretions (omeprazole).

A

Antisecretory

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103
Q

a drug that inhibits the motility of visceral
smooth muscles (atropine).

A

Antispasmodic

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104
Q

a drug that reduces thyroid, hormone action, usually by inhibiting hormone synthesis (methimazole).

A

Antithyrold Agent

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105
Q

antibodies formed in response to antigenic
poisonous substances of biologic origin.

A

Antitoxins

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106
Q

a drug that kills or inhibits Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis (penicillin).

A

Antitreponemal

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107
Q

a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic protozoa of the genus Trichomonas (metronidazole).

A

Antitrichomonal

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108
Q

a drug that kills or inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (isoniazid).

A

Antitubercular

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109
Q

a drug that suppresses coughing (dextro-methorphan hydrobromide).

A

Antitussive

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110
Q

a drug that kills or inhibits viral infections (idox-uridine, ophthalmic antiviral).

A

Antiviral

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111
Q

a drug useful in preventing (rather than treating) viral infections (amantadine, prophylactic for influenza).

A

Antiviral, Prophylactic

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112
Q

a drug with vitamin A activity; it is useful in treating vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia (vitamin A).

A

Antixerophthalmic

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113
Q

a drug that suppresses symptoms of anxiety
(diazepam; alprazolam).

A

Anxiolytic

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114
Q

a drug used topically to toughen and shrink tissues (aluminum acetate solution).

A

Astringent

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115
Q

a mild astringent suitable for use In thé eye (zinc sulfate).

A

Astringent, Ophthalmic

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116
Q

a sedative-hypnotic drug that contains the barbituric acid moiety in its chemical structure (phe-nobarbital).

A

Barbiturate

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117
Q

a plant principle derived from Atropa belladonna and related species, with anticholin-ergic action (atropine).

A

Belladonna Alkaloid

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118
Q

a sedative-anxiolytic-muscle relaxant drug that contains the benzodiazepine moiety in its chemical structure (diazepam).

A

Benzodiazepine

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119
Q

a drug that activates sympathetic nervous system beta receptors, for example, to induce bronchodilation (isoproterenol).

A

Beta Receptor Agonist

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120
Q

a drug that reacts asymptom-atically with sympathetic nervous system beta receptors and prevents their endogenous activation, for example, to oppose sympathetic stimulation of the heart (ateno. lol, metoprolol, propranolol).

A

Beta Receptor Antagonist

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121
Q

drugs used to treat a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and abriormally elevated moods.

A

Bipolar Agents

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122
Q

drugs used to treat a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and abriormally elevated moods.

A

Bipolar Agents

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123
Q

also called diphosphonates, are a class of drugs that are used to prevent the loss of bone mass.

A

Bisphosphonate

124
Q

drugs used to maintain the levels of blood glucose within a narrow range, referred to as glucose homeostasis.

A

Blood Glucose Regulators

125
Q

This includes human serum, recovered plasma, source plasma, whole blood, red blood cells, leukocytes, platelet rich plasma, platelet concentrates, and possibly other specialized products.

A

Blood products

126
Q

a drug that slows calcium turnover in bone; it is used to treat Paget disease (etidronate).

A

Bone metabolism regulator

127
Q

a drug that expands bronchiolar airways; it is useful in treating asthma (albuterol and isoproter. enol, adrenergic; oxtriphylline, smoothmuscle relaxant ).

A

Bronchodilator

128
Q

an antianginal drug that acts by impairing the function of transmembrane calcium channels of vascular smooth muscle cells (verapamil).

A

Calcium Channel Blocker

129
Q

a drug that inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, the therapeutic effects of which are diuresis and reduced formation of intraocular fluid (acetazolamide).

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

130
Q

a drug that depresses myocardial function; it is useful in treating cardiac arrhythmias (procainamide).

A

Cardiac Depressant, Antiarrhythmic

131
Q

a plant principle derived from Digitalis purpurea and related species, with cardiotonic action (digoxin).

A

Cardiac Glycoside

132
Q

a drug that increases myocardial contractile force; it is useful in treating congestive heart failure (digoxin).

A

Cardiotonic

133
Q

drugs used to treat conditions related to the heart and blood vessels or the circulation.

A

Cardiovascular Agents

134
Q

a drug that inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamine neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine (metyrosine).

A

Catecholamine Synthesis Inhibitor

135
Q

a drug that promotes defecation, usually considered stronger in action than a laxative (bisacodyl).

A

Carthartic

136
Q

a topical drug that destroys tissue on contact, it is useful in removing skin lesions (toughened silvernitrate).

A

Caustic

137
Q

an agent that “burns off a part of the body to remove or close it off (silver nitrate).

A

Cauterizing Agent

138
Q

centrally acting drug

A

Central Nervous system agent

139
Q

acuon ding that produces is therapeutic effect by action on the central nervous systern, usually designated, by the type of therapeutic action
(sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, etc.)

A

Centrally acting drug

140
Q

An anti microbial drug that contains the cephalosphorin moiety in its chemical structure

A

Cephalosporin

141
Q

A complex agent that binds metal ions into stable ring structures (chelates) it is userd in trealing polsonins (edetate calcium dlsodium, chelating agent for lead).

A

Chelating agent

142
Q

a drug that promotes disolution of gallstones (ursodeoxycholic acid).

A

Cholelitholytic

143
Q

a drug that increases bile secretion by the liver
(dehydrocholic acid).

A

Choleretic

144
Q

a drug that activates organs innervated by he parasympathetic nervous system; a parasympathomimetic drug (neostigmine, systemic ; pilocarpine, ophthalmic).

A

Cholinergic

145
Q

a drug containing gold, it is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (auranofin).

A

chrysotherapeutic

146
Q

see Hemostatic, Systemic.

A

Coagulant

147
Q

an orally administered drug that prevents conception. Currently available oral contraceptives are for use by females (norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets).

A

contraceptive, Oral

148
Q

a spermicidal agent used topically in the vagina to prevent conception (nonoxynol-9).

A

contraceptive, Topical

149
Q

topically administered drugs that prevent conception (norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol).

A

Contraceptive, Transdermal

150
Q

intravaginal ring inserted releasing drugs that prevent conception (etonogestrel/ethiny estradiol).

A

Contraceptive, Vaginal

151
Q

an agent that includes the steroid hormones naturally produced in the adrenal cortex; it includes cortisol (hydrocortisone) and others.

A

Corticosteroid

152
Q

an anticholinergic drug used topically in the eye to induce paralysis of accommodation (cycloplegia) and dilation of the pupil (cyclopentolate).

A

Cycloplegic

153
Q

an adrenergic drug used orally or topically to induce vasoconstriction in nasal passages (phenylephrine HCI; pseudoephedrine HCI).

A

Decongestant, Nasal

154
Q

a bland viscous liquid, usually water based, used to coat and soothe damaged or inflamed skin or mucous membranes (methylcellulose).

A

Demulcent

155
Q

Drugs used to treat used to conditions of the teeth and the oral cavities

A

Dental and oral agents

156
Q

A drug applied to the teeth to reduce the incidence of cavities

A

Dental caries prophylactic

157
Q

a drug applied to the teeth to reduce the sensitivity of exposed subenamel dentin (potassium nitrate).

A

Dentin Desensitizer

158
Q

a drug that inhibits melanin production in the skin; it is used to induce general depig-mentation in certain splotchy depigmented conditions (e.g., vitiligo) (hydroquinone).

A

Depigmenting Agent

159
Q

drugs used to treat various conditions of the skin.

A

Dermatological (Skan) Agents

160
Q

an emulsifying agent used as a cleanser (hexa-chlorophene liquid soap, anti-Infective)

A

Detergent

161
Q

a drug used to determine the functional state of a body organ or to determine the presence of a disease (Peptavlon, gastric secretion indicator; fluores-cein sodium, corneal trauma indicator).

A

Diagnostic Aid

162
Q

a drug that promotes digestion, usually by supplementing a gastrointestinal enzyme (pancreatin).

A

Digestive Ald

163
Q

an agent that destroys microorganisms on contact and is suitable for sterilizing inanimate objects (formaldehyde solutton).

A

Disinfectant

164
Q

a drug that promotes renal excretion of electrolytes and water; it is useful in treating generalized edema (furosemide, loop diuretic; hydrochlorothiazide, thiazide diuretic; triamterene, potassium-sparing diuretic).

A

Diuretic

165
Q

a drug that activates dopamine receptors, for example, to inhibit anterior pituitary secretion of prolactin (bromocriptine; pramipexole dihydrochloride; ropinirole HCI).

A

Dopamine Receptor Agonist

166
Q

a drug that induces vomiting; it is useful in expelling ingested but unabsorbed poisons (ipecac syrup).

A

Emetic

167
Q

a topical drug, especially an oil or fat, used to soften the skin and make it more pliable (cold cream).

A

Emollient

168
Q

a drug that blocks endothelin receptors for treatment of a number of diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension.

A

Endothelin Receptor Antagonist

169
Q

a molecule that catalyzes a chemical reaction.

A

Enzyme

170
Q

an enzyme or related agent used to replace, enhance production of or act in lieu of an enzyme in the body.

A

Enzyme Replacement Agent

171
Q

a growth factor that stimulates cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation by binding to its receptor EGFR.

A

Epidermal Growth Factor

172
Q

a plant principle derived from the fungus Claviceps purpurea grown on rye or other grains (ergonovine, uterine contractant; ergotamine, migraine therapy).

A

Ergot Alkaloid

173
Q

a hormone that stimulates and maintains female reproductive organs and sex characteristics and functions in the uterine cycle (ethinyl estradiol).

A

Estrogen

174
Q

a drug that increases respiratory tract secre-tions. lowers their viscosity, and promotes removal (guaifenesin).

A

Expectorant

175
Q

a drug that promotes defecation by softening the feces (docusate sodium).

A

Fecal Softener

176
Q

a drug that promotes ovulation in women of low fertility or spermatogenesis in men of low fertility (clomiphene).

A

Fertility Agent

177
Q

an enzyme drug used topically to hydrolyze the exudates of infected and inflammatory lesions (Abrinolvsin and desoxyribonuclease, bovine).

A

Fibrinolytic Proteolytic

178
Q

a drug that acts to stimulate or increase the action at the GABA receptor, producing typically sedative effects, and may cause other effects such as anxiolytic and muscle relaxant effects.

A

GABA Agonist

179
Q

a drug used to initiate lactation after childbirth (oxytocin nasal spray).

A

Galactokinetic

180
Q

a drug that inhibits the secretion of gastric acid, as shown by the proton pump inhibitors.

A

Gastric Acid Secretion Inhibitor

181
Q

drugs related to therapy involving the stomach and intestines, for example, H2 block-ers, proton pump inhibitors, etc.

A

Gastrointestinal Agents

182
Q

a drug that increases gastrointestinal motility by increasing the frequency of contractions in the small intestine or making them stronger, without disrupting their rhythm.

A

Gastroprokinetic

183
Q

drugs related to therapy involving the genital and urinary tract.

A

Genitourinary Agents (Genital and Urinary Tract
Agents)

184
Q

an adrenocortical hormone that regulates organic metabolism and inhibits inflammatory response (betamethasone; prednisone).

A

Glucocorticoid

185
Q

a drug that will block the action of glutamic acid/glutamate.

A

Glutamate Inhibitor

186
Q

a drug that supplies the gonad-stimulating actions of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or luteinizing hormone (LH); it is used to promote fertility (menotropins contain FSH and LH; human chorionic gonadotropin has LH-like activity)..

A

Gonadotropin

187
Q

a drug that duplicates endogenous growth hormone; it is used in children to treat growth failure due to the lack of growth hormone (somatrem).

A

Growth Hormone, Human

188
Q

a drug used as an antidote to poisoning with toxic metals such as arsenic and mercury (dimercaprol).

A

Heavy metal antagonist

189
Q

a drug that promotes hemoglobin formation by supplying iron (ferrous sulfate).

A

Hematinic

190
Q

a vitamin that stimulates the formation of blood cells; it is useful in treating vitamin deficiency anemia (cyanocobalamin).

A

Hematopoietic

191
Q

a drug that improves the flow properties of blood by reducing viscosity (pentoxifylline)

A

Hemorheologic Agent

192
Q

a drug applied to a bleeding surface to promote clotting or to serYt as a clot matrix (thrombin, clot promoter; oxidized cellulose, clot matrix).

A

Hemostatic, Local

193
Q

a drug that stops bleeding by inhibiting systemic fibrinolysis (aminocaproic acid)

A

Hemostatic, Systemic

194
Q

A drug used to combat the histamine-induced symptoms of allergy; an antihistamine (diphenhydramine hydrochloride

A

Histamine H1, Receptor Antagonist

195
Q

a drug that inhibits histamine-mediated gastric acid secretion; it is used to treat peptic and duodenal ulcers (famotidine).

A

Histamine H2, Receptor Antagonist

196
Q

a drug that inhibits the rate-controlling enzyme of the mevalonate pathway, the metabolic pathway that produces cholesterol and other isoprenoids (statins, atorvastatin).

A

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor

197
Q

drugs related to therapy involving replacement or stimulation of production of hormones of the adrenal and pituitary glands as well as prosta. glandins, sex hormones, and thyroid.

A

Hormonal Agents

198
Q

drugs related to ther. apy involving suppression of excess production of hormones of the adrenal and pituitary glands as well as prostaglandins, sex hormones, and thyroid.

A

Hormonal Suppressants (Adrenal, Parathyroid, Pitu-itary, Sex Hormones, Thyroid)

199
Q

a drug that duplicates the action of a physiological cell regulator (insulin, estradiol, thyroxine).

A

Hormone

200
Q

an antiepileptic drug that contains the hydantoin moiety in its chemical structure (phenytoin sodium).

A

Hydantoin

201
Q

an enzyme drug that promotes the diffusion of other injected drugs through connective tissues (hyaluronidase).

A

Hydrolytic, Injectable

202
Q

a drug that elevates blood glucose level (glucagon).

A

Hyperglycemic

203
Q

a central nervous system depressant used to induce sleep (eszopiclone, flurazepam, zolpidem tartrate).

A

Hypnotic

204
Q

a condition of low blood sugar.

A

Hypoglycemic

205
Q

see Antihypertensive.

A

Hypotensive

206
Q

an antigen that induces antibody production against a pathogenic microorganism; it is used to provide permanent but delayed protection against infection (tetanus toxoid).

A

Immunizing Agent, Active

207
Q

a drug containing antibodies against a pathogenic microorganism; it is used 10 provide immediate but temporary protection against infection (tetanus immune globulin, rabies immune globulin)

A

Immunizing Agent, Passive

208
Q

antibody protein derived from blood serum; It is used to confer passive immunity to infectious diseases (see Immunizing Agent, Passive).

A

Immunoglobulin

209
Q

drugs related to therapy Involving various phenomena of immunity, induced sensitivity and allergy; including vaccines and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.

A

immunological Agents

210
Q

a drug that inhibits immune response to foreign materials; it is used to suppress rejection of tissue grafts (azathioprine).

A

immunosuppressant

211
Q

drugs used for therapy involving the inflammation of the bowel.

A

inflammatory Bowel Disease Agents

212
Q

a drug that increases the contractile strength of heart muscle; a cardiotonic (digoxin, digi-toxin, dopamine).

A

Inotropic agent

213
Q

A drug in the gastrointestinal tract that takes up ions present in a toxic amount with an equivalent release of nontoxic ions (sodium polystyrene sulfonate, takes up potassium ions with the release of sodium ions)

A

Ion Exchange Resin

214
Q

a drug that reacts weakly and nonspecifi-cally with biologic tissue; it is used topically to induce a mild inflammatory response (camphor).

A

Irritant, Local

215
Q

a topical drug that toughens and protects skin (compound benzoin tincture, salicylic acid.

A

Keratolytic

216
Q

a drug that promotes defecation, usually considered milder in action than a cathartic (psyllium mucilloid, bulk laxative; mineral oil, lubricant laxative; sodium phosphates oral solution, saline laxative; bisac-odyl, irritant laxative).

A

Laxative

217
Q

a drug that inhibits leukotrienes or fatty compounds produced by the - immune system that cause inflammation in asthma and bronchitis and constrict airways (montelukast).

A

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist

218
Q

a drug used to reduce the activitv of lipases found in the intestine secreted by the pancreas when fat is present (orlistat).

A

Lipase Inhibitor

219
Q

a diuretic with renal site of action in the thick ascending loop of Henle (furosemide).

A

Loop Diuretic

220
Q

a surface-active lipoprotein complex (phospholipoprotein) formed by type II alveolar cells

A

Lung Surfactant

221
Q

a drug related to therapy involving a metabolic function of bone disease.

A

Metabolic Bone Disease Agent

222
Q

a drug that binds metal ions; it is useful in treating metal poisoning (dimercaprol, complexing agent for arsenic, mercury, and gold).

A

Metal Complexing Agent

223
Q

an adrenocortical hormone that regulates sodium/potassium balance in the body (desoxy-corticosterone acetate).

A

Mineralocorticoid

224
Q

a cholinergic drug used topically in the eye to induce constriction of the pupil (miosis) (pilocarpine).

A

Miotic

225
Q

an antidepressant drug that inhibits the enzyme monoamine oxidase, thereby increasing catecholamine levels of neurons (isocar-
boxazid).

A

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor

226
Q

a highly specific immunoglobulin produced by celi culture cloning (muromonab CD3, inactivates T lymphocytes that reject tissue grafts).

A

Monoclonal Antibody

227
Q

a drug that hydrolyzes mucoproteins; it is useful in reducing the viscosity of pulmonary mucus (ace-tylcysteine).

A

Mucolytic

228
Q

a drug that inhibits the contraction of voluntary muscles (cyclobenzaprine HCI, dantrolene, succinylcholine).

A

Muscle Relaxant, Skeletal

229
Q

a drug that inhibits the contraction of visceral smooth muscles (aminophylline).

A

Muscle Relaxant, Smooth

230
Q

an adrenergic drug used topically in the eye to induce dilation of the pupil (mydriasis) (phenylephrine).

A

Mydriatic

231
Q

a drug that induces action by reacting with opioid receptors of the central nervous system or a drug that is legally classified as a narcotic with regard to prescribing regulations.

A

Narcotic

232
Q

a drug that reacts with opioid receptors asymptomatically; it is used to terminate the action of narcotic drugs (naloxone).

A

Narcotic Antagonist

233
Q

a drug in a class of antiviral drugs targeted at the influenza virus, which works by blocking the function of the viral neuraminidase pro-tein, preventing the virus from reproducing by budding from the host cell (oseltamivir).

A

Neuraminidase Inhibitor

234
Q

a drug that paralyzes skeletal muscles by preventing transmission of neural impulses to them (succinylcholine).

A

Neuromuscular Blocking Agent

235
Q

an analgesic, anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits prostaglandin synthesis (ketoprofen).

A

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug

236
Q

a drug used for a condition involving the eye

A

Ophthalmic Agent

237
Q

a drug used for a condition involving the ear.

A

Otic Agent

238
Q

a drug that is similar to estrogen and binds to the estrogen receptor causing a negative feedback that stimulates the release of gonadotropin releasing hormone that activates the pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone with resultant release of an egg (clomifene).

A

Ovulation Stimulator

239
Q

a drug that stimulates uterine motility; it is used in obstetrics to initiate labor or to control postpartum hemorrhage (oxytocin).

A

Oxytocic

240
Q

a drug that inhibits response to parasympathetic nerve impulses and to parasympathomi-metic drugs; an anticholinergic drug (atropine).

A

Parasympatholytic

241
Q

a drug that activates organs innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system; a cholinergic drug (metoclopramide HCI; neostigmine).

A

Parasympathomimetic

242
Q

an insecticide suitable for eradicating louse infestations (pediculosis) (malathion; permethrin).

A

Pediculicide

243
Q

a drug that extends the systemic duration of penicillin by inhibiting its renal excretion (probenecid).

A

Penicillin Adjuvant

244
Q

an antipsychotic or antidepressant drug that contains the phenothiazine nucleus in its chemical structure (chlorpromazine, antipsychotic; imipramine, antidepressant).

A

Phenothiazine

245
Q

an agent that reduces the absorption of phosphate when taken with meals and snacks.

A

Phosphate Binder

246
Q

a drug that increases cutaneous response, to ultraviolet light; it is used with ultraviolet light to treat certain skin diseases (e.g., psoriasis (methoxsalen).

A

Photosensitizer

247
Q

a drug that promotes melanin synthesis in the skin (trioxsalen, oral pigmenting agent; methoxsalen, topical pigmenting agent).

A

Pigmenting Agent

248
Q

a substance that can be trans-
fused to maintain fluid volume of the blood.

A

Plasma Volume Expander

249
Q

contained in platelet-rich plasma that is a blood plasma that has been enriched with platelets, different growth factors, and cytokines.

A

Platelet Growth Factor

250
Q

a drug that slows down platelet production in the body (anagrelide).

A

Platelet-Reducing Agent

251
Q

a hormone that promotes renal reabsorption of water; it is useful in treating diabetes insipidus (vasopressin injection).

A

Posterior Pituitary Hormone, Antidiuretic

252
Q

a diuretic that does not induce systemic potassium depletion as a side effect (triamterene).

A

Potassium-Sparing Diuretic

253
Q

an adjunctive drug that enhances the action of a primary drug, the total response being greater than the sum of the individual actions (hexafluorenium, potentiator for succinylcholine).

A

Potentiator

254
Q

a progesterone-like hormone that stimulates the secretory phase of the uterine cycle (norethindrone).

A

Progestin

255
Q

a drug that inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and prostaglandin-induced symptoms such as inflammation; a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen).

A

Prostaglandin Synthetase Inhibitor

256
Q

a drug from the classes of cell regulating hormones cyclized from arachidonic acid (alprosta: ail, maintains ductus arteriosus patency in newborn infants pending corrective surgery for congenital hear defects).

A

Prostaglandin

257
Q

is a drug used to treat or prevent infection by viruses, including HIV and hepatitis c (saquinavir).

A

protease inhibitor

258
Q

a drug that blocks the action of proteasomes, cellular complexes that break down proteins (bortezomib).

A

proteasome Inhibitor

259
Q

a topical drug that provides a physical barrier to the environment (zinc gelatin, skin protectant, meth. ylcellulose, ophthalmic protectant).

A

protectant

260
Q

an enzyme drug for injection into herniated lumbar intervertebral discs to reduce inter. discal pressure (chymopapain).

A

Proteolytic, Injectable

261
Q

a drug with vitamin K activity; itis use. ful in treating the hypoprothrombinemia of vitamin K deficiency or overdosage with a vitamin K antagonist (phytonadione).

A

Prothrombogenic

262
Q

a drug that inhibits gastric acid production (omeprazole).

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor

263
Q

a drug (especially a street drug) that induces vivid sensory phenomena and hallucinations (mescaline).

A

Psychedelic

264
Q

a drug used to treat abnormal mental or emotional processes (chlorpromazine, haloperidol).

A

Psychotherapeutic

265
Q

a drug used to help diagnose certain
medical diseases by absorbing X-rays.

A

Radiopaque Agent

266
Q

a drug containing a radioactive isotope; it is used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes (iodinated albumin with 1251 or 1311).

A

Radiopharmaceutical

267
Q

a plant principle derived from Rauwolfia serpentina and related species, with antihy-pertensive and antipsychotic actions (reserpine).

A

Rauwolfia Alkaloid

268
Q

see Ion Exchange Resin.

A

Resin, Electrolyte Removing

269
Q

see X-Ray Contrast Medium.

A

Radiographic Agent

270
Q

a drug that serves to increase the action of the respiratory system; it increases breathing.

A

Respiratory Stimulant

271
Q

drugs used for various conditions involving the respiratory tract, including anthis-tamines and bronchodilators.

A

Respiratory Tract Agents (Including Antihistamines and Bronchodilators)

272
Q

a derivative of vitamin A (retinol).

A

Retinoic Acid Derivative

273
Q

a drug that inhibits the actiono catechol-O-methyltransferase.

A

Reverse COMT Inhibitor

274
Q

a topical drug that induces mild skin intia-tion with erythema; it is used as a toughening agent

A

Rubefacient

275
Q

a sodium-free alternative to sodium chloride used for flavoring foods (potassium chloride).

A

Salt substitute

276
Q

an insecticide suitable for the eradication of the itch mite Sarcoptes scabiel (scabies) (crotamiton).

A

Scabicide

277
Q

an irritant drug suitable for injection into varicose veins to induce their fibrosis and obliteracon (morrhuate sodium injection).

A

sclerosing Agent

278
Q

a central nervous system depressant used to induce mild relaxation (phenobarbital).

A

sedative

279
Q

a compound that acts on the estrogen receptor to selectively inhibit or stimulate estrogen-like action in various tissues (clomifene).

A

selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)

280
Q

a compound that activates serotonin receptors, mimicking the effect of the neurotransmitter serotonin.

A

serotonin Agonist

281
Q

a drug used to inhibit the action at serotonin receptors.

A

Serotonin Antagonist

282
Q

drugs used to treat conditions related to the skeletal muscles, including cramping, spasms, etc.

A

skeletal Muscle Relaxants

283
Q

a drug that serves to minimize the desire to smoke.

A

smoking Deterrent

284
Q

a hormone chemically and functionally similar to somatostatin.

A

Somatostatin Analog

285
Q

a drug specially adapted in its indicated use, usu-all because of a functional relationship between drug mechanism and disease pathophysiology.

A

Specific

286
Q

a drug that increases the functional state of the central nervous system, sometimes used in convulsive therapy of mental disorders (flurothyl, modafinil).

A

Stimulant, Central

287
Q

a drug that selectively stimulates respiration, either by peripheral initiation of respiratory reflexes or by selective central nervous system stimulation (carbon dioxide, reflex respiratory stimulant; etha-mivan, central respiratory stimulant).

A

Stimulant, Respiratory

288
Q

a drug used to soften the stool by enhancing the incorporation of water to ease evacuation.

A

Stool softener

289
Q

an oral antidiabetic drug that contains the sulfonylurea moiety in its chemical structure (glimepiride, glipizide).

A

Sulfonylurea

290
Q

a skin protectant that absorbs light energy at wavelengths that cause sunburn (paraamino-benzoic acid, PABA).

A

Sunscreening Agent

291
Q

a drug that inhibits the progress of a disease but does not cure it.

A

Suppressant

292
Q

a drug that inhibits response to sympathetic nerve impulses and to sympathomi-metic drugs; an antiadrenergic drug (phentolamine, alpha sympatholytic; propranolol, beta sympatholytic;

A

Sympatholytic

293
Q

a drug that activates organs innervated by the sympathetic nervous system; an adrenergic drug (epinephrine).

A

Sympathomimetic

294
Q

a drug administered so as to reach systemic circulation, from which the drug diffuses into all tissues, including the site of the therapeutic action.

A

Systemically Acting Drug

295
Q

nutrients, minerals, and electrolytes used for replacement and enhancement in malnourished or nutritionally problematic patients.

A

Therapeutic Nutrients, Minerals, and Electrolytes

296
Q

a diuretic that contains the benzo-thiadiazide (thiazide) moiety in its chemical structure (hydrochlorothiazide).

A

Thiazide Diuretic

297
Q

an enzyme drug administered parenterally to solubilize blood clots (enoxaparin sodium, uroki-nase, warfarin sodium).

A

Thrombolytic

298
Q

a hormone that maintains metabolic function and normal metabolic rate of tissues (levothy-roxine).

A

Thyroid Hormone

299
Q

a drug applied to the body surface
for local therapeutic action.

A

Topically Acting Drug

300
Q

a modified antigen from an infectious organism
used as a vaccine (tetanus toxoid).

A

Toxoid

301
Q

a chemical element required by living
organisms in minute amounts (chromium).

A

Trace Element

302
Q

a drug (such as antipsychotic) used to suppress an acutely disturbed emotional state (trifluopera-zine, antipsychotic).

A

Tranquilizer

303
Q

an old term for an anxiolytic drug.

A

Tranquilizer, Minor

304
Q

an antidepressant that contains the tricyclic phenothiazine nucleus in its chemical structure (amitriptyline, imipramine).

A

Tricyclic Antidepressant

305
Q

see Antitubercular.

A

Tuberculostatic

306
Q

a drug used to treat a severe disease of newborns in which ammonia is not correctly metabolized in the liver.

A

Urea Cyclic Disorder Agent

307
Q

a drug that promotes renal excretion of uric acid; it is useful in treating chronic gout (probenecid).

A

Uricosuric

308
Q

an agent used to adjust the pH of the urine to be more acidic (ammonium chloride).

A

Urinary Acidifier

309
Q

an obstetric drug used after placenta delivery to induce sustained uterine contraction to reduce bleeding (methylergonovine).

A

Uterine Contractant

310
Q

a drug that inhibits uterine muscle contraction; it is used in preterm labor to prolong gestation (ritodrine).

A

Uterine Contraction Inhibitor

311
Q

an antigen-containing drug used to induce active immunity against an infectious disease

A

Vaccine

312
Q

a drug that narrows arterioles, usually to elevate blood pressure. See Vasopressor.

A

Vasoconstrictor

313
Q

a drug that expands blood vessels in the heart and improves coronary blood flow; it is useful in treating angina pectoris; an antianginal drug (nitroglycerin).

A

Vasodilator, Coronary

314
Q

a drug that expands peripheral blood vessels and improves blood flow to the extremities of the body (minoxidil).

A

Vasodilator, Peripheral

315
Q

an adrenergic drug administered to constrict arterioles and elevate arterial blood pressure (norepinephrine).

A

Vasopressor

316
Q

a blistering agent or blister-producing agent (cantharidin).

A

Vesicant

317
Q

a plant principle derived from Vinca rosea mnd related species, with antineoplastic action (vincris-tine).

A

Vinca Alkalold

318
Q

an organic chemical essential in small amounts for normal metabolism; it is used therapeutically to supplement the vitamin content of foods (ascorbic acid, thiamine HCI, pyridoxine HCI).

A

vitamin

319
Q

a plant principle chemically related to xanthine, with central nervous system stimulant, smooth muscle relaxant, and diuretic actions (caffeine).

A

Xanthine Alkaloid

320
Q

a substance that inhibits the activity of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme involved in purine metabolism (allopurinol).

A

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor

321
Q

a drug opaque to x-rays that assists visualization of an internal organ during radio-graphic examination (barium sulfate, iopanoic acid).

A

X-Ray Contrast Medium

Perspective in Pharmacy (4 decks)

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