Definitions of Selected Drug Categories Flashcards
An agent that will induce an abortion
Abortifacient
An agent that removes an external layer, such as dental plaque (pumice)
Abradant
an adrenal cortex hormone that regulates organic metabolism and inhibits inflammatory response; a glucocorticoid (prednisolone, prednisone)
Adrenocorticosteroid, anti-inflammatory
a drug that lowers the internal body pH; it is useful in restoring normal pH in patients with systematic alkalosis (ammonium chloride)
Acidifier, Systematic
see Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
ACE Inhibitor
a drug that takes up other chemicals into its substance; it is used to reduce the free availability of toxic chemicals
Absorbent
a drug that lowers the pH of the renal filtrate and urine (sodium dihydrogen phosphate)
Acidifier, urinary
a drug that activates organs innervated by the sympathetic nervous system; sympathomimetic drug (epinephrine, norepinephrine)
Adrenergic
an adrenal cortex hormone that regulates sodium/potassium balance in the body; a mineralocorticoid (desoxycorticosterone acetate)
Adrenocorticosteroid, salt-regulating
A hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids (corticotropin)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
a drug that binds other chemicals into its surface; used to reduce the free availability of toxic chemicals
Adsorbent
A drug that reacts with and activates physio-reical receptors and induces the associated biologic response
Agonist
a drug that alters physiology so that unpleasant symptoms follow ingestion of ethanol-untaining products (disulfiram).
Alcohol-abuse deterrent
a drug that blocks he conversion of acetaldehyde to acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase (disulfiram).
Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
a drug that raises the internal body pH; it is useful in restoring normal pH in patients with systemic acidosis (sodium bicarbonate).
Alkalinizer, Systemic
an antineoplastic drug that attacks malignant cells by reacting covalently with their DNA (chlorambucil).
Alkylating Agent
a drug that blocks the digestion of carbohydrates into simple sugars that will increase blood sugar levels (oral diabetic drugs).
Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor
A drug that activates sympathetic nervous system alpha receptors, for example, to induce vasoconstriction (norepinephrine).
Alpha Receptor Agonist
a drug that reacts asymp-tomatically with sympathetic nervous system alpha receptors and prevents their endogenous activation, for example, to induce vasodilation (phentolamine).
Alpha Receptor Antagonist
a drug that decreases the levels of available 5a-reductase prior to testosterone’s binding with the enzyme, reducing levels of dihydrotestosterone.
Alpha Reductase Inhibitor
an agent used to treat amoebozoa infections
(metronidazole).
Amebicide
an androgen analogue with relatively greater anabolic activity; it is used to treat catabolic disorders (methandrostenolone).
Anabolic Steroid
a central nervous system stimulant, sometimes used to stimulate respiration during severe central nervous system depression (doxapram, modafinil).
Analeptic
a drug that suppresses pain perception (noci-ception) without inducing unconsciousness (morphine sulfate, opioid ; aspirin, nonopioid).
Analgesic
A hormone that stimulates and maintains male reproductive function and sex characteristics (testosterone).
Androgen
a drug that eliminates pain perception by inducing unconsciousness (ether, inhalation anesthetic; thiopental sodium, intravenous anesthetic; midazolam).
Anesthetic, General
a drug that eliminates pain perception in a limited body area by local action on sensory nerves (procaine, lidocaine).
Anesthetic, Local
a local anesthetic that is effective upon application to mucous membranes (tetracaine).
Anesthetic, Topical
a drug that inhibits biotransformation of angiotensin I into vaso-constricting angiotensin II; it is used to treat hypertension (captopril, ramipril).
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor
a drug that acts on the brain to reduce the
appetite.
Anorexiant
a drug that suppresses appetite, usually by elevating mood (phentermine, sibutramine).
Anorexic
a drug that neutralizes excess gastric acid (calcium carbonate).
Antacid
a drug that reacts asymptomatically with physiological receptors and prevents their endogenous activation (naloxone, opioid receptor antagonist; propranolol and metoprolol, beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists).
Antagonist
a drug that eradicates intestinal worm infestations (mebendazole).
Anthelmintic
a drug that combats the lesions of acne vulgaris (isotretinoin).
Antiacne Agent
a drug that inhibits response to sympathetic nerve impulses and adrenergic drugs; a sym-patholytic drug (phentolamine, alpha adrenergic antagonist; metoprolol, beta-adrenergic antagonist).
Antiadrenergic
a drug that kills or inhibits protozoan parasites such as Entamoeba histolvtica, causative agent of amebiasis (metronidazole, intestinal antiamebic; chloroquine, extraintestinal antiamebic).
Antiamebic
a drug that inhibits response to andro-genic hormones.
Antiandrogen
a drug used to treat anemia; see Hematopoietic, Hematinic (ferrous sulfate).
Antianemic
a coronary vasodilator useful in preventing or treating attacks of angina pectoris (nitroglycerin).
Antianginal
a cardiac depressant useful in suppressing rhythm irregularities of the heart
Antiarrythmic
a drug that reduces the joint inflammation of arthritis (anakinra, celecoxib, ibuprofen).
Antiarthritic
a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic bacteria (penicillin G, systemic antibacterial; nitrofurantoin, urinary antibacterial; bacitracin, topical antibacterial).
Antibacterial
a drug originally of microbial origin used to kill or inhibit bacterial and other infections (clarithromycin, penicillin, levofloxacin)
Antibiotic
a drug that lowers plasma cholesterol level (cholestyramine resin; atorvastatin, rosuvas-tatin calcium; simvastatin; ezetimibe).
Anticholesterol Agent
a drug that inhibits response to parasympathetic nerve impulses and cholinergic drugs; a para-sympatholytic drug (ipratropium bromide)
Anticholinergic
a drug that reactivates cho-linesterase enzyme after its inactivation by organophosphate poisons (pralidoxime).
Anticholinesterase Antidote
a drug thar opposes overdosage of anticoagulant drugs (phytonadione, supplies vitamin K to oppose vitamin K-antagonist tanticoagulants)
Anticoagulant Antagonist
a nontoxic agent added to collected blood to prevent clotting (anticoagulant citrate dextrose solution).
Anticoagulant, for Storage of Whole Blood
a drug administered to slow the clotting of circulating blood (warfarin sodium).
Anticoagulant, Systemic
an antieplleptic drug administered pro-phylactically to prevent seizures, or a drug that arrests convulsions by inducing general central nervous system depression (phenytoin, antiepileptic prophylactic; diaze. pam, central nervous system depressant anticonvulsant).
Anticonvulsant
a drug used to treat declining mental abilities in the elderly.
Antidementia Agent
a centrally acting drug that induces mood elevation, useful in treating mental depression (amitriptyline).
Antidepressant
a drug that supplies insulin or stimulates the secretion of insulin; it is useful in treating diabetes mel. litus (insulin injection, supplies insulin; glipizide, stimulates insulin secretion; pioglitazone HCI, exenatide).
Antidiabetic
a drug that inhibits intestinal peristalsis; it is used to treat diarrhea (diphenoxylate; bismuth sub-salicylate; loperamide HCI).
Antidiarrheal
a drug that promotes renal water reabsor-tion, thus reducing urine volume; it is used to treat neurogenic diabetes insipidus (desmopressin).
Antidiuretic
a drug that reduces the effects of ingested poisons (or drug overdoses) by adsorbing toxic material (activated charcoal).
Antidote, General Purpose
a drug that reduces the effects of a systemic poison (or drug overdose) by a mechanism that relates to the particular poison (dimercaprol, specific antidote for arsenic, mercury, and gold poisoning; flu-mazenil, complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines).
Antidote, Specific
a topical drug that aids in control of
chronic exudative skin lesions (coal tar).
Antieczematic
a drug that suppresses nausea and vomiting (ondansetron hydrochloride).
Antiemetic
a drug that aids in control of bed-wetting
(enuresis) (imipramine).
Antineuritic
a drug that prevents epileptic seizures upon prophylactic administration (valproic acid; topiramate).
Antiepileptic
a drug that inhibits the action of estrogenic hormones (tamoxifen).
Antiestrogen
a drug that promotes hemostasis by inhibiting clot dissolution (aminocaproic acid).
Antifibrinolytic
a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic filarial worms (diethylcarbamazine).
Antifilarial
a drug that reduces gastrointestinal gas (simethicone).
Antiflatulent
A drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic fungi
Antifungal, systematic
a drug applied externally to kill or inhibit pathogenic fungi (tolnaftate).
antifungal, Topical
a drug that lowers intraocular fluid pressure; it is used to treat glaucoma (methazolamide and acetazolamide reduce fluid formation; isofluro. phate promotes fluid drainage).
Antiglaucoma Agent
a drug that inhibits anterior pituitary secretion of gonadotropins; it is used to suppress ovarian malfunction (danazol).
Antigonadotropin
a drug that reduces tissue deposits of wric acid in chronic gout or suppresses the intense inflammatory reaction of acute gout (allopurinol for chronic gout; indomethacin for acute gout).
Antigout Agent
a drug that replaces blood clotting factors absent in the hereditary disease hemophilia
Antihemophilic
a drug that inhibits replication of herpes simplex virus; it is used to treat genital herpes (acyclovir).
Antiherpes Agent
a drug that antagonizes histamine action at H, histamine receptors; it is useful in suppressing the histamine-induced symptoms of allergy (chlorphenira-mine maleate; cetirizine, fexofenadine HCI).
Antihistaminic
a drug that lowers plasma cholesterol and lipid levels (atorvastatin).
Antihyperlipidemic
a drug that lowers arterial blood pres-sure, especially the elevated diastolic pressure of hypertension (metoprolol; atenolol).
Antihypertensive
a drug that elevates plasma calcium level; it is useful in treating hypocalcemia (parathyroid iniection).
Antintihypocalcemic
a drug that elevates plasma glucose level; it is useful in treating hypoglycemia (glucagon).
Antihypoglycemic
a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic microorganisms and is suitable for sterilizing skin and wounds (povidone iodine liquid soap).
Anti-infective, Topical (or Local)
a drug that inhibits physiological response to cell damage (prednisolone, adrenocorticosteroid; ibuprofen, nonsteroid).
Anti-inflammatory
a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic protozoa of the genus Leishmania (hydroxystillamidine isethionate).
Antileishmanial
a drug that kills or inhibits Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy (dapsone).
Antileprotic
a drug that kills or inhibits Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy (dapsone).
Antileprotic
an agent that reduces lipid levels in the blood (atorvastatin).
Antilipemic
a drug that kills or inhibits protozoa of the genus Plasmodium, the causative agents of malaria (chloroquine).
Antimalarial
A drug that suppresses the excitement phase (mania) of bipolar disorder
Antimanic
a drug that attacks malignant cells or pathogenic cells by serving as a nonfunctional substl-tute for an essential metabolite (Quorouracil)
Antimetabolite
a drug that reduces incidence or severity of migraine vascular headaches (sumatriptan).
Antimigraine Agent
a drug that suppresses motion-induced nausea, vomiting, and vertigo (dimen-hydrinate hydrochloride).
Anti-Motion Sickness Agent
an anticholinergic drug that inhibits symptoms mediated by acetylcholine receptors of visceral organs (atropine sulfate).
Antimuscarinic
a drug used to correct or treat the symptoms of myasthenia gravis.
Antimyasthenic Agent
a drug used to treat fungal infections.
Antimycobacterial
a drug that suppresses nausea and vomit-ing; an antiemetic (ondansetron).
Antinauseant
a drug that attacks malignant (neoplastic) cells in the body (chlorambucil, alkylating agent).
Antineoplastic
a drug that eradicates parasitic arthro-pods, helminths, protozoa, etc. (permethrin for scabies, mebendazole for intestinal worms, metronidazole for amebic dysentery, malathion for head lice).
Antiparasitic
a drug that sup-presses the neurologic disturbances and symptoms of
parkinsonism (levodopa).
Antiparkinsonian (Antidyskinetic)
a drug that inhibits intestinal motility, an antidiarrheal drug (diphenoxylate hydrochloride).
Antiperistaltic
a drug that inhibits aggregation of blood platelets; it is used to prevent heart attack (aspi-rin; clopidogrel bisulfate).
Antiplatelet Agent
a type of hormone antagonist that antago-nizes or suppresses the actions of progesterone (mife-pristone).
Antiprogestin
a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic protozoa (metronidazole).
Antiprotozoal
a drug that reduces itching (pruritus) (trime-prazine, systemic ; menthol, topical)
Antipruritic
a drug that suppresses the lesions and symptoms of psoriasis (methotrexate, systemic antipso-riatic; anthralin, topical antipsoriatic).
Antipsoriatic
a drug that suppresses the symptoms of psychoses of various diagnostic types (haloperidol).
Antipsychotic
a drug that restores normal body temperature in the presence of fever (acetaminophen).
Antipyretic
a drug with vitamin D activity; it is useful in treating vitamin D deficiency and rickets (cholecalciferol).
Antirachitic
a group of drugs used to treat infections caused by retroviruses, especially HIV.
Antiretroviral
an anti-inflammatory drug used to treat arthritis and rheumatoid disorders (indomethacin).
Antirheumatic
a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic microorganisms of the genus Rickettsia (chloramphenicol).
Antirickettsial
a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic flukes of the genus Schistosoma (oxamniquine).
Antischistosomal
a drug with vitamin C activity; it is useful in treating vitamin C deficiency and scurvy (ascorbic acid).
Antiscorbutic
a drug that aids in the control of seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff) (selenium sulfide).
Antiseborrhelc
an agent that acts to reduce or inhibit gastric secretions (omeprazole).
Antisecretory
a drug that inhibits the motility of visceral
smooth muscles (atropine).
Antispasmodic
a drug that reduces thyroid, hormone action, usually by inhibiting hormone synthesis (methimazole).
Antithyrold Agent
antibodies formed in response to antigenic
poisonous substances of biologic origin.
Antitoxins
a drug that kills or inhibits Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis (penicillin).
Antitreponemal
a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic protozoa of the genus Trichomonas (metronidazole).
Antitrichomonal
a drug that kills or inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (isoniazid).
Antitubercular
a drug that suppresses coughing (dextro-methorphan hydrobromide).
Antitussive
a drug that kills or inhibits viral infections (idox-uridine, ophthalmic antiviral).
Antiviral
a drug useful in preventing (rather than treating) viral infections (amantadine, prophylactic for influenza).
Antiviral, Prophylactic
a drug with vitamin A activity; it is useful in treating vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia (vitamin A).
Antixerophthalmic
a drug that suppresses symptoms of anxiety
(diazepam; alprazolam).
Anxiolytic
a drug used topically to toughen and shrink tissues (aluminum acetate solution).
Astringent
a mild astringent suitable for use In thé eye (zinc sulfate).
Astringent, Ophthalmic
a sedative-hypnotic drug that contains the barbituric acid moiety in its chemical structure (phe-nobarbital).
Barbiturate
a plant principle derived from Atropa belladonna and related species, with anticholin-ergic action (atropine).
Belladonna Alkaloid
a sedative-anxiolytic-muscle relaxant drug that contains the benzodiazepine moiety in its chemical structure (diazepam).
Benzodiazepine
a drug that activates sympathetic nervous system beta receptors, for example, to induce bronchodilation (isoproterenol).
Beta Receptor Agonist
a drug that reacts asymptom-atically with sympathetic nervous system beta receptors and prevents their endogenous activation, for example, to oppose sympathetic stimulation of the heart (ateno. lol, metoprolol, propranolol).
Beta Receptor Antagonist
drugs used to treat a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and abriormally elevated moods.
Bipolar Agents
drugs used to treat a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and abriormally elevated moods.
Bipolar Agents
also called diphosphonates, are a class of drugs that are used to prevent the loss of bone mass.
Bisphosphonate
drugs used to maintain the levels of blood glucose within a narrow range, referred to as glucose homeostasis.
Blood Glucose Regulators
This includes human serum, recovered plasma, source plasma, whole blood, red blood cells, leukocytes, platelet rich plasma, platelet concentrates, and possibly other specialized products.
Blood products
a drug that slows calcium turnover in bone; it is used to treat Paget disease (etidronate).
Bone metabolism regulator
a drug that expands bronchiolar airways; it is useful in treating asthma (albuterol and isoproter. enol, adrenergic; oxtriphylline, smoothmuscle relaxant ).
Bronchodilator
an antianginal drug that acts by impairing the function of transmembrane calcium channels of vascular smooth muscle cells (verapamil).
Calcium Channel Blocker
a drug that inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, the therapeutic effects of which are diuresis and reduced formation of intraocular fluid (acetazolamide).
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
a drug that depresses myocardial function; it is useful in treating cardiac arrhythmias (procainamide).
Cardiac Depressant, Antiarrhythmic
a plant principle derived from Digitalis purpurea and related species, with cardiotonic action (digoxin).
Cardiac Glycoside
a drug that increases myocardial contractile force; it is useful in treating congestive heart failure (digoxin).
Cardiotonic
drugs used to treat conditions related to the heart and blood vessels or the circulation.
Cardiovascular Agents
a drug that inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamine neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine (metyrosine).
Catecholamine Synthesis Inhibitor
a drug that promotes defecation, usually considered stronger in action than a laxative (bisacodyl).
Carthartic
a topical drug that destroys tissue on contact, it is useful in removing skin lesions (toughened silvernitrate).
Caustic
an agent that “burns off a part of the body to remove or close it off (silver nitrate).
Cauterizing Agent
centrally acting drug
Central Nervous system agent
acuon ding that produces is therapeutic effect by action on the central nervous systern, usually designated, by the type of therapeutic action
(sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, etc.)
Centrally acting drug
An anti microbial drug that contains the cephalosphorin moiety in its chemical structure
Cephalosporin
A complex agent that binds metal ions into stable ring structures (chelates) it is userd in trealing polsonins (edetate calcium dlsodium, chelating agent for lead).
Chelating agent
a drug that promotes disolution of gallstones (ursodeoxycholic acid).
Cholelitholytic
a drug that increases bile secretion by the liver
(dehydrocholic acid).
Choleretic
a drug that activates organs innervated by he parasympathetic nervous system; a parasympathomimetic drug (neostigmine, systemic ; pilocarpine, ophthalmic).
Cholinergic
a drug containing gold, it is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (auranofin).
chrysotherapeutic
see Hemostatic, Systemic.
Coagulant
an orally administered drug that prevents conception. Currently available oral contraceptives are for use by females (norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets).
contraceptive, Oral
a spermicidal agent used topically in the vagina to prevent conception (nonoxynol-9).
contraceptive, Topical
topically administered drugs that prevent conception (norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol).
Contraceptive, Transdermal
intravaginal ring inserted releasing drugs that prevent conception (etonogestrel/ethiny estradiol).
Contraceptive, Vaginal
an agent that includes the steroid hormones naturally produced in the adrenal cortex; it includes cortisol (hydrocortisone) and others.
Corticosteroid
an anticholinergic drug used topically in the eye to induce paralysis of accommodation (cycloplegia) and dilation of the pupil (cyclopentolate).
Cycloplegic
an adrenergic drug used orally or topically to induce vasoconstriction in nasal passages (phenylephrine HCI; pseudoephedrine HCI).
Decongestant, Nasal
a bland viscous liquid, usually water based, used to coat and soothe damaged or inflamed skin or mucous membranes (methylcellulose).
Demulcent
Drugs used to treat used to conditions of the teeth and the oral cavities
Dental and oral agents
A drug applied to the teeth to reduce the incidence of cavities
Dental caries prophylactic
a drug applied to the teeth to reduce the sensitivity of exposed subenamel dentin (potassium nitrate).
Dentin Desensitizer
a drug that inhibits melanin production in the skin; it is used to induce general depig-mentation in certain splotchy depigmented conditions (e.g., vitiligo) (hydroquinone).
Depigmenting Agent
drugs used to treat various conditions of the skin.
Dermatological (Skan) Agents
an emulsifying agent used as a cleanser (hexa-chlorophene liquid soap, anti-Infective)
Detergent
a drug used to determine the functional state of a body organ or to determine the presence of a disease (Peptavlon, gastric secretion indicator; fluores-cein sodium, corneal trauma indicator).
Diagnostic Aid
a drug that promotes digestion, usually by supplementing a gastrointestinal enzyme (pancreatin).
Digestive Ald
an agent that destroys microorganisms on contact and is suitable for sterilizing inanimate objects (formaldehyde solutton).
Disinfectant
a drug that promotes renal excretion of electrolytes and water; it is useful in treating generalized edema (furosemide, loop diuretic; hydrochlorothiazide, thiazide diuretic; triamterene, potassium-sparing diuretic).
Diuretic
a drug that activates dopamine receptors, for example, to inhibit anterior pituitary secretion of prolactin (bromocriptine; pramipexole dihydrochloride; ropinirole HCI).
Dopamine Receptor Agonist
a drug that induces vomiting; it is useful in expelling ingested but unabsorbed poisons (ipecac syrup).
Emetic
a topical drug, especially an oil or fat, used to soften the skin and make it more pliable (cold cream).
Emollient
a drug that blocks endothelin receptors for treatment of a number of diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Endothelin Receptor Antagonist
a molecule that catalyzes a chemical reaction.
Enzyme
an enzyme or related agent used to replace, enhance production of or act in lieu of an enzyme in the body.
Enzyme Replacement Agent
a growth factor that stimulates cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation by binding to its receptor EGFR.
Epidermal Growth Factor
a plant principle derived from the fungus Claviceps purpurea grown on rye or other grains (ergonovine, uterine contractant; ergotamine, migraine therapy).
Ergot Alkaloid
a hormone that stimulates and maintains female reproductive organs and sex characteristics and functions in the uterine cycle (ethinyl estradiol).
Estrogen
a drug that increases respiratory tract secre-tions. lowers their viscosity, and promotes removal (guaifenesin).
Expectorant
a drug that promotes defecation by softening the feces (docusate sodium).
Fecal Softener
a drug that promotes ovulation in women of low fertility or spermatogenesis in men of low fertility (clomiphene).
Fertility Agent
an enzyme drug used topically to hydrolyze the exudates of infected and inflammatory lesions (Abrinolvsin and desoxyribonuclease, bovine).
Fibrinolytic Proteolytic
a drug that acts to stimulate or increase the action at the GABA receptor, producing typically sedative effects, and may cause other effects such as anxiolytic and muscle relaxant effects.
GABA Agonist
a drug used to initiate lactation after childbirth (oxytocin nasal spray).
Galactokinetic
a drug that inhibits the secretion of gastric acid, as shown by the proton pump inhibitors.
Gastric Acid Secretion Inhibitor
drugs related to therapy involving the stomach and intestines, for example, H2 block-ers, proton pump inhibitors, etc.
Gastrointestinal Agents
a drug that increases gastrointestinal motility by increasing the frequency of contractions in the small intestine or making them stronger, without disrupting their rhythm.
Gastroprokinetic
drugs related to therapy involving the genital and urinary tract.
Genitourinary Agents (Genital and Urinary Tract
Agents)
an adrenocortical hormone that regulates organic metabolism and inhibits inflammatory response (betamethasone; prednisone).
Glucocorticoid
a drug that will block the action of glutamic acid/glutamate.
Glutamate Inhibitor
a drug that supplies the gonad-stimulating actions of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or luteinizing hormone (LH); it is used to promote fertility (menotropins contain FSH and LH; human chorionic gonadotropin has LH-like activity)..
Gonadotropin
a drug that duplicates endogenous growth hormone; it is used in children to treat growth failure due to the lack of growth hormone (somatrem).
Growth Hormone, Human
a drug used as an antidote to poisoning with toxic metals such as arsenic and mercury (dimercaprol).
Heavy metal antagonist
a drug that promotes hemoglobin formation by supplying iron (ferrous sulfate).
Hematinic
a vitamin that stimulates the formation of blood cells; it is useful in treating vitamin deficiency anemia (cyanocobalamin).
Hematopoietic
a drug that improves the flow properties of blood by reducing viscosity (pentoxifylline)
Hemorheologic Agent
a drug applied to a bleeding surface to promote clotting or to serYt as a clot matrix (thrombin, clot promoter; oxidized cellulose, clot matrix).
Hemostatic, Local
a drug that stops bleeding by inhibiting systemic fibrinolysis (aminocaproic acid)
Hemostatic, Systemic
A drug used to combat the histamine-induced symptoms of allergy; an antihistamine (diphenhydramine hydrochloride
Histamine H1, Receptor Antagonist
a drug that inhibits histamine-mediated gastric acid secretion; it is used to treat peptic and duodenal ulcers (famotidine).
Histamine H2, Receptor Antagonist
a drug that inhibits the rate-controlling enzyme of the mevalonate pathway, the metabolic pathway that produces cholesterol and other isoprenoids (statins, atorvastatin).
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor
drugs related to therapy involving replacement or stimulation of production of hormones of the adrenal and pituitary glands as well as prosta. glandins, sex hormones, and thyroid.
Hormonal Agents
drugs related to ther. apy involving suppression of excess production of hormones of the adrenal and pituitary glands as well as prostaglandins, sex hormones, and thyroid.
Hormonal Suppressants (Adrenal, Parathyroid, Pitu-itary, Sex Hormones, Thyroid)
a drug that duplicates the action of a physiological cell regulator (insulin, estradiol, thyroxine).
Hormone
an antiepileptic drug that contains the hydantoin moiety in its chemical structure (phenytoin sodium).
Hydantoin
an enzyme drug that promotes the diffusion of other injected drugs through connective tissues (hyaluronidase).
Hydrolytic, Injectable
a drug that elevates blood glucose level (glucagon).
Hyperglycemic
a central nervous system depressant used to induce sleep (eszopiclone, flurazepam, zolpidem tartrate).
Hypnotic
a condition of low blood sugar.
Hypoglycemic
see Antihypertensive.
Hypotensive
an antigen that induces antibody production against a pathogenic microorganism; it is used to provide permanent but delayed protection against infection (tetanus toxoid).
Immunizing Agent, Active
a drug containing antibodies against a pathogenic microorganism; it is used 10 provide immediate but temporary protection against infection (tetanus immune globulin, rabies immune globulin)
Immunizing Agent, Passive
antibody protein derived from blood serum; It is used to confer passive immunity to infectious diseases (see Immunizing Agent, Passive).
Immunoglobulin
drugs related to therapy Involving various phenomena of immunity, induced sensitivity and allergy; including vaccines and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.
immunological Agents
a drug that inhibits immune response to foreign materials; it is used to suppress rejection of tissue grafts (azathioprine).
immunosuppressant
drugs used for therapy involving the inflammation of the bowel.
inflammatory Bowel Disease Agents
a drug that increases the contractile strength of heart muscle; a cardiotonic (digoxin, digi-toxin, dopamine).
Inotropic agent
A drug in the gastrointestinal tract that takes up ions present in a toxic amount with an equivalent release of nontoxic ions (sodium polystyrene sulfonate, takes up potassium ions with the release of sodium ions)
Ion Exchange Resin
a drug that reacts weakly and nonspecifi-cally with biologic tissue; it is used topically to induce a mild inflammatory response (camphor).
Irritant, Local
a topical drug that toughens and protects skin (compound benzoin tincture, salicylic acid.
Keratolytic
a drug that promotes defecation, usually considered milder in action than a cathartic (psyllium mucilloid, bulk laxative; mineral oil, lubricant laxative; sodium phosphates oral solution, saline laxative; bisac-odyl, irritant laxative).
Laxative
a drug that inhibits leukotrienes or fatty compounds produced by the - immune system that cause inflammation in asthma and bronchitis and constrict airways (montelukast).
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist
a drug used to reduce the activitv of lipases found in the intestine secreted by the pancreas when fat is present (orlistat).
Lipase Inhibitor
a diuretic with renal site of action in the thick ascending loop of Henle (furosemide).
Loop Diuretic
a surface-active lipoprotein complex (phospholipoprotein) formed by type II alveolar cells
Lung Surfactant
a drug related to therapy involving a metabolic function of bone disease.
Metabolic Bone Disease Agent
a drug that binds metal ions; it is useful in treating metal poisoning (dimercaprol, complexing agent for arsenic, mercury, and gold).
Metal Complexing Agent
an adrenocortical hormone that regulates sodium/potassium balance in the body (desoxy-corticosterone acetate).
Mineralocorticoid
a cholinergic drug used topically in the eye to induce constriction of the pupil (miosis) (pilocarpine).
Miotic
an antidepressant drug that inhibits the enzyme monoamine oxidase, thereby increasing catecholamine levels of neurons (isocar-
boxazid).
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor
a highly specific immunoglobulin produced by celi culture cloning (muromonab CD3, inactivates T lymphocytes that reject tissue grafts).
Monoclonal Antibody
a drug that hydrolyzes mucoproteins; it is useful in reducing the viscosity of pulmonary mucus (ace-tylcysteine).
Mucolytic
a drug that inhibits the contraction of voluntary muscles (cyclobenzaprine HCI, dantrolene, succinylcholine).
Muscle Relaxant, Skeletal
a drug that inhibits the contraction of visceral smooth muscles (aminophylline).
Muscle Relaxant, Smooth
an adrenergic drug used topically in the eye to induce dilation of the pupil (mydriasis) (phenylephrine).
Mydriatic
a drug that induces action by reacting with opioid receptors of the central nervous system or a drug that is legally classified as a narcotic with regard to prescribing regulations.
Narcotic
a drug that reacts with opioid receptors asymptomatically; it is used to terminate the action of narcotic drugs (naloxone).
Narcotic Antagonist
a drug in a class of antiviral drugs targeted at the influenza virus, which works by blocking the function of the viral neuraminidase pro-tein, preventing the virus from reproducing by budding from the host cell (oseltamivir).
Neuraminidase Inhibitor
a drug that paralyzes skeletal muscles by preventing transmission of neural impulses to them (succinylcholine).
Neuromuscular Blocking Agent
an analgesic, anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits prostaglandin synthesis (ketoprofen).
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug
a drug used for a condition involving the eye
Ophthalmic Agent
a drug used for a condition involving the ear.
Otic Agent
a drug that is similar to estrogen and binds to the estrogen receptor causing a negative feedback that stimulates the release of gonadotropin releasing hormone that activates the pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone with resultant release of an egg (clomifene).
Ovulation Stimulator
a drug that stimulates uterine motility; it is used in obstetrics to initiate labor or to control postpartum hemorrhage (oxytocin).
Oxytocic
a drug that inhibits response to parasympathetic nerve impulses and to parasympathomi-metic drugs; an anticholinergic drug (atropine).
Parasympatholytic
a drug that activates organs innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system; a cholinergic drug (metoclopramide HCI; neostigmine).
Parasympathomimetic
an insecticide suitable for eradicating louse infestations (pediculosis) (malathion; permethrin).
Pediculicide
a drug that extends the systemic duration of penicillin by inhibiting its renal excretion (probenecid).
Penicillin Adjuvant
an antipsychotic or antidepressant drug that contains the phenothiazine nucleus in its chemical structure (chlorpromazine, antipsychotic; imipramine, antidepressant).
Phenothiazine
an agent that reduces the absorption of phosphate when taken with meals and snacks.
Phosphate Binder
a drug that increases cutaneous response, to ultraviolet light; it is used with ultraviolet light to treat certain skin diseases (e.g., psoriasis (methoxsalen).
Photosensitizer
a drug that promotes melanin synthesis in the skin (trioxsalen, oral pigmenting agent; methoxsalen, topical pigmenting agent).
Pigmenting Agent
a substance that can be trans-
fused to maintain fluid volume of the blood.
Plasma Volume Expander
contained in platelet-rich plasma that is a blood plasma that has been enriched with platelets, different growth factors, and cytokines.
Platelet Growth Factor
a drug that slows down platelet production in the body (anagrelide).
Platelet-Reducing Agent
a hormone that promotes renal reabsorption of water; it is useful in treating diabetes insipidus (vasopressin injection).
Posterior Pituitary Hormone, Antidiuretic
a diuretic that does not induce systemic potassium depletion as a side effect (triamterene).
Potassium-Sparing Diuretic
an adjunctive drug that enhances the action of a primary drug, the total response being greater than the sum of the individual actions (hexafluorenium, potentiator for succinylcholine).
Potentiator
a progesterone-like hormone that stimulates the secretory phase of the uterine cycle (norethindrone).
Progestin
a drug that inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and prostaglandin-induced symptoms such as inflammation; a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen).
Prostaglandin Synthetase Inhibitor
a drug from the classes of cell regulating hormones cyclized from arachidonic acid (alprosta: ail, maintains ductus arteriosus patency in newborn infants pending corrective surgery for congenital hear defects).
Prostaglandin
is a drug used to treat or prevent infection by viruses, including HIV and hepatitis c (saquinavir).
protease inhibitor
a drug that blocks the action of proteasomes, cellular complexes that break down proteins (bortezomib).
proteasome Inhibitor
a topical drug that provides a physical barrier to the environment (zinc gelatin, skin protectant, meth. ylcellulose, ophthalmic protectant).
protectant
an enzyme drug for injection into herniated lumbar intervertebral discs to reduce inter. discal pressure (chymopapain).
Proteolytic, Injectable
a drug with vitamin K activity; itis use. ful in treating the hypoprothrombinemia of vitamin K deficiency or overdosage with a vitamin K antagonist (phytonadione).
Prothrombogenic
a drug that inhibits gastric acid production (omeprazole).
Proton Pump Inhibitor
a drug (especially a street drug) that induces vivid sensory phenomena and hallucinations (mescaline).
Psychedelic
a drug used to treat abnormal mental or emotional processes (chlorpromazine, haloperidol).
Psychotherapeutic
a drug used to help diagnose certain
medical diseases by absorbing X-rays.
Radiopaque Agent
a drug containing a radioactive isotope; it is used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes (iodinated albumin with 1251 or 1311).
Radiopharmaceutical
a plant principle derived from Rauwolfia serpentina and related species, with antihy-pertensive and antipsychotic actions (reserpine).
Rauwolfia Alkaloid
see Ion Exchange Resin.
Resin, Electrolyte Removing
see X-Ray Contrast Medium.
Radiographic Agent
a drug that serves to increase the action of the respiratory system; it increases breathing.
Respiratory Stimulant
drugs used for various conditions involving the respiratory tract, including anthis-tamines and bronchodilators.
Respiratory Tract Agents (Including Antihistamines and Bronchodilators)
a derivative of vitamin A (retinol).
Retinoic Acid Derivative
a drug that inhibits the actiono catechol-O-methyltransferase.
Reverse COMT Inhibitor
a topical drug that induces mild skin intia-tion with erythema; it is used as a toughening agent
Rubefacient
a sodium-free alternative to sodium chloride used for flavoring foods (potassium chloride).
Salt substitute
an insecticide suitable for the eradication of the itch mite Sarcoptes scabiel (scabies) (crotamiton).
Scabicide
an irritant drug suitable for injection into varicose veins to induce their fibrosis and obliteracon (morrhuate sodium injection).
sclerosing Agent
a central nervous system depressant used to induce mild relaxation (phenobarbital).
sedative
a compound that acts on the estrogen receptor to selectively inhibit or stimulate estrogen-like action in various tissues (clomifene).
selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)
a compound that activates serotonin receptors, mimicking the effect of the neurotransmitter serotonin.
serotonin Agonist
a drug used to inhibit the action at serotonin receptors.
Serotonin Antagonist
drugs used to treat conditions related to the skeletal muscles, including cramping, spasms, etc.
skeletal Muscle Relaxants
a drug that serves to minimize the desire to smoke.
smoking Deterrent
a hormone chemically and functionally similar to somatostatin.
Somatostatin Analog
a drug specially adapted in its indicated use, usu-all because of a functional relationship between drug mechanism and disease pathophysiology.
Specific
a drug that increases the functional state of the central nervous system, sometimes used in convulsive therapy of mental disorders (flurothyl, modafinil).
Stimulant, Central
a drug that selectively stimulates respiration, either by peripheral initiation of respiratory reflexes or by selective central nervous system stimulation (carbon dioxide, reflex respiratory stimulant; etha-mivan, central respiratory stimulant).
Stimulant, Respiratory
a drug used to soften the stool by enhancing the incorporation of water to ease evacuation.
Stool softener
an oral antidiabetic drug that contains the sulfonylurea moiety in its chemical structure (glimepiride, glipizide).
Sulfonylurea
a skin protectant that absorbs light energy at wavelengths that cause sunburn (paraamino-benzoic acid, PABA).
Sunscreening Agent
a drug that inhibits the progress of a disease but does not cure it.
Suppressant
a drug that inhibits response to sympathetic nerve impulses and to sympathomi-metic drugs; an antiadrenergic drug (phentolamine, alpha sympatholytic; propranolol, beta sympatholytic;
Sympatholytic
a drug that activates organs innervated by the sympathetic nervous system; an adrenergic drug (epinephrine).
Sympathomimetic
a drug administered so as to reach systemic circulation, from which the drug diffuses into all tissues, including the site of the therapeutic action.
Systemically Acting Drug
nutrients, minerals, and electrolytes used for replacement and enhancement in malnourished or nutritionally problematic patients.
Therapeutic Nutrients, Minerals, and Electrolytes
a diuretic that contains the benzo-thiadiazide (thiazide) moiety in its chemical structure (hydrochlorothiazide).
Thiazide Diuretic
an enzyme drug administered parenterally to solubilize blood clots (enoxaparin sodium, uroki-nase, warfarin sodium).
Thrombolytic
a hormone that maintains metabolic function and normal metabolic rate of tissues (levothy-roxine).
Thyroid Hormone
a drug applied to the body surface
for local therapeutic action.
Topically Acting Drug
a modified antigen from an infectious organism
used as a vaccine (tetanus toxoid).
Toxoid
a chemical element required by living
organisms in minute amounts (chromium).
Trace Element
a drug (such as antipsychotic) used to suppress an acutely disturbed emotional state (trifluopera-zine, antipsychotic).
Tranquilizer
an old term for an anxiolytic drug.
Tranquilizer, Minor
an antidepressant that contains the tricyclic phenothiazine nucleus in its chemical structure (amitriptyline, imipramine).
Tricyclic Antidepressant
see Antitubercular.
Tuberculostatic
a drug used to treat a severe disease of newborns in which ammonia is not correctly metabolized in the liver.
Urea Cyclic Disorder Agent
a drug that promotes renal excretion of uric acid; it is useful in treating chronic gout (probenecid).
Uricosuric
an agent used to adjust the pH of the urine to be more acidic (ammonium chloride).
Urinary Acidifier
an obstetric drug used after placenta delivery to induce sustained uterine contraction to reduce bleeding (methylergonovine).
Uterine Contractant
a drug that inhibits uterine muscle contraction; it is used in preterm labor to prolong gestation (ritodrine).
Uterine Contraction Inhibitor
an antigen-containing drug used to induce active immunity against an infectious disease
Vaccine
a drug that narrows arterioles, usually to elevate blood pressure. See Vasopressor.
Vasoconstrictor
a drug that expands blood vessels in the heart and improves coronary blood flow; it is useful in treating angina pectoris; an antianginal drug (nitroglycerin).
Vasodilator, Coronary
a drug that expands peripheral blood vessels and improves blood flow to the extremities of the body (minoxidil).
Vasodilator, Peripheral
an adrenergic drug administered to constrict arterioles and elevate arterial blood pressure (norepinephrine).
Vasopressor
a blistering agent or blister-producing agent (cantharidin).
Vesicant
a plant principle derived from Vinca rosea mnd related species, with antineoplastic action (vincris-tine).
Vinca Alkalold
an organic chemical essential in small amounts for normal metabolism; it is used therapeutically to supplement the vitamin content of foods (ascorbic acid, thiamine HCI, pyridoxine HCI).
vitamin
a plant principle chemically related to xanthine, with central nervous system stimulant, smooth muscle relaxant, and diuretic actions (caffeine).
Xanthine Alkaloid
a substance that inhibits the activity of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme involved in purine metabolism (allopurinol).
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor
a drug opaque to x-rays that assists visualization of an internal organ during radio-graphic examination (barium sulfate, iopanoic acid).
X-Ray Contrast Medium
