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Perspective in Pharmacy > History of Pharmacy > Flashcards

History of Pharmacy Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the beliefs before the dawn of history

A

sickness is caused by evil forces or as a punishment from the gods

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2
Q

Explain the remedies before the dawn of history

A

offerings and the use of natural resources (e.g. plants, mud)

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3
Q

The history of pharmacy is divided into three, what are they?

A

Antiquity, Middle Ages and Modern Europe

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4
Q

It is considered the jewel of mesopotamia

A

Ancient babylon

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5
Q

It is the cradle of civilization

A

Ancient babylon

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6
Q

Where the earliest known practice of the art of apothecary was shown

A

Ancient babylon

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7
Q

Practitioners

A

priest, physician and pharmacist as one

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8
Q

These are the medical texts that have the records of symptoms of illness, prescription, direction for compounding and invocation to the gods

A

Clay tablets of Mesopotamia

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9
Q

How many of the clay tablets were formed

A

800 tablets

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10
Q

Father of Chinese pharmaceuticals, also known as the “yellow emperor”

A

Shen Nung

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11
Q

Explored the medicinal values of herbs

A

Shen Nung

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12
Q

Wrote “Pen T-Sao (The Botanical Basis of Pharmacy)”

A

Shen Nung

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13
Q

A taoist and natural philosopher

A

Lao Tzu

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14
Q

Author of “The Way”

A

Lao Tzu

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15
Q

What did Lao Tzu promoted?

A

concept of health and prosperity through awareness and observation of natural cosmic cycles

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16
Q

It is the balanced Yin and Yang

A

Qi (energy)

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17
Q

It is the oldest, best known and most important pharmaceutical record

A

Papyrus Ebers

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18
Q

Their preparations are ethnomedicinal and it includes gargles, suppositories, inhalations, poultices and ointments

A

Ancient Egypt

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19
Q

How long was the papyrus ebers in yards?

A

21 yards

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20
Q

The papyrus ebers contains ________ and mentioned ______ drugs

A

800 formulas in preparing drugs, 700 drugs were mentioned

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21
Q

Creation of medicines by God

A

Book of Sirach

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22
Q

Myrrh as astringent, carminative and protectant

A

Genesis

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23
Q

Olibanum (frankinscence)

A

Exodus

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24
Q

Father of Medicine

A

Hippocrates

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25
Q

Sought the rationalization of treatment

A

Hippocrates

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26
Q

Showed the fundamentals of scientific method

A

Hippocrates

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27
Q

Father of Botany

A

Theophrastus

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28
Q

Observations and writings dealing with medical qualities and peculiarities of herbs

A

Theophrastus

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29
Q

King of Pontus

A

Mithridates VI

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30
Q

Father of Toxicology (study of poison)

A

Mithridates VI

31
Q

It is the art of poisoning and the art of preventing and counteracting poisoning

A

Toxicology

32
Q

Famed formula during the Ancient Turkey of alleged pan-antidotal powers

A

Mithridatum

33
Q

One of the first therapeutic agents to bear a trademark as a mean of identification of source and gaining customers’ confidence

A

Terra Sigillata (Sealed Earth)

34
Q

Clay tablet originating on the Mediterranean island of Lemnos

A

Terra Sigillata (Sealed Earth)

35
Q

Father of Pharmacology

A

Pedanios Dioscorides

36
Q

Who made a book about the observation of promulgated excellent rules for collection of drugs, storage and use (The Herbal)?

A

Pedanios Dioscorides

37
Q

Who made the “De Materia Medica” (600 plants and 90 minerals)

A

Pedanios Dioscorides

38
Q

His texts were considered basic science as late as the 16th century

A

Pedanios Dioscorides

39
Q

First ever pharmacist / botanist

A

Claudius Galen

40
Q

Practiced and taught Pharmacy and Medicine in Rome

A

Claudius Galen

41
Q

His principles of preparing and compounding medicines ruled in the Western World for 1,500 years

A

Claudius Galen

42
Q

Class of pharmaceuticals compounded by mechanical means

A

Galenicals

43
Q

Claudius Galen is the originator of the formula for a cold cream called?

A

Galen’s cerates (cerates = cream)

44
Q

Similar to “dispensatories”

A

Antidotaria

45
Q

More modest formularies

A

Receptaria

46
Q

Twinship of health professionals

A

Damian and Cosmas

47
Q

On the twinship, who is the apothecary and who is the physician?

A

Apothecary - Damian

Physician - Cosmas

48
Q

These are your pharmacy’s patron saints

A

Damian and Cosmas

49
Q

What descent are Damian and Cosmas

A

Arabian

50
Q

T or F: The careers of Damian and Cosmas were cut short in the year 303 by marytrdom.

A

True

51
Q

Practice of pharmacy and medicine passed from lay practitioners to the clerics (people of the church)

A

Monastic pharmacy

52
Q

Center of intellectual life

A

Monasteries

53
Q

During the monastic pharmacy, these are the people who collected and cultivated medicinal plants

A

Monks

54
Q

Manuscript made by Abbod Odo in France

A

De Viribus Herbarum (Herbs used by the People)

55
Q

Manuscript made by Abbess Hildegard in Germany

A

Causae et Curae

56
Q

Separated the arts of apothecary and physician

A

The arabs

57
Q

Where was the first privately owned drugstore

A

Baghdad

58
Q

Developed more refined and elegant way of administering drugs

A

The arabs

59
Q

Known as “Avicenna”

A

Ibn Sina

60
Q

Also known as the “Persian Galen”

A

Avicenna

61
Q

His pharmaceutical teachings - contribution to the sciences of Pharmacy and Medicine

A

Avicenna

62
Q

The Magna Carta of 1240 is issued by who

A

Frederick II, head of the holy roman empire

63
Q

T or F: According to the Magna Carta of 1240, the edict was to create pharmacy as an independent branch of public welfare service

A

True

64
Q

Pharmacy and medicine was separated in __?

A

Sicily and Southern Italy

65
Q

Here are some of the implementations under the Magna Carta of 1240

A
  • Limitation of the numbers of pharmacies
  • Fixed the prices of remedies
  • Required official supervision (pharmacist)
  • made the use of prescribed formulary compulsory (book, list of drugs)
66
Q

Revolutionized pharmacy

A

Paracelsus

67
Q

Who discovered the medicinal active “quintessences” (bioactive ingredients) from natural resources

A

Paracelsus

68
Q

Transformed pharmacy from botanical science to chemical science

A

Paracelsus

69
Q

The first official pharmacopeia is named ___ and was written in ___?

A

Nuovo Receptario, Italian

70
Q

In 1617, someone formed a separated company. What is his or her name?

A

Sir Frances Bacon

71
Q

The first organization of pharmacists in the Anglo-Saxon World

A

The Society of Apothecaries of London

72
Q

Cradle of European Professional Pharmacy

A

Italy

73
Q

First official pharmacopoeia of the European world

A

Ricettario Florentino

Perspective in Pharmacy (2 decks)

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