History of OT

Question 1

what is a paradigm?

Answer 1

members of a profession are bound by a shared vision - it is a set of perspectivesd , ideas, concepts, approaches, theories and values

Question 2

How does a profession change?

Answer 2

1. Pre-paradigm stage - formation of the field
2. Paradigm stage- abiding to commonn set of ideas
3. Crisis - inablitiy of the paradigm to deal with new problems in the field

Question 3

Who is Philp Pinel and what was his role?

Answer 3

A french physician. He treated people in asylums by giving them purposeful activities like work, music, and literature.

Question 4

Who is responsible for the moral treatment movement?

Answer 4

William Tuke. His premise was to treat mentally ill people with kindness and consideration

Question 5

Who is Adolf Meyer?

Answer 5

A psychiatrist. He influenced the idea of meaninful occupation and time use.

Question 6

What are the early principles underlying OT?

Answer 6

• Use of time
• Pleasure in acheivement
• Engagement of interest
• Daily rhythym of rest and activity to maintain balance
• Habit training

Question 7

Who began the Arts and Crafts movement?

Answer 7

John Ruskin and William Morris

Question 8

Who is Susan Tracy?

Answer 8

A nurse who wrote one of the first books regarding the use of occupation

Question 9

What year was OT founded?

Answer 9

1917.

Question 10

What does NSPOT stand for?

Answer 10

National Society for the Promotion of OT. founding members include Eleanor Clarke Sagle, George Barton, Adolph Meyer, Susan Johnson, Susan Tracy, Thomas Kidner and Isabel Newton

Question 11

Who is considered the Father of OT?

Answer 11

William Rush Dunton Jnr. Wrote the first text book “OT: A manual for nurses”

Question 12

What was included in the first set of OT principles?

Answer 12

1. That work should be carried out with cure as the main object
2. The work must be interesting
3. The patient should be carefully studied
4. The one form of occupation should not be carried out to the point of fatigue
5. That it should have some useful end
6. It should lead to an increase in the patients knowledge
7. It should be carried on with other
8. Encourgement should be given
9. The work resulting in a poor or useless product is idleness

Question 13

When was the first crisis?

Answer 13

1940s/50s. OT came under pressure from medicine to establish theory and evidence for practice

Question 14

When did the second crisis occur?

Answer 14

1970s. Lack of focus on occupation.

Question 15

What is reductionism?

Answer 15

a scientific effort to reduce empirical world to its leastr common denominator for explanation.

Question 16

During the Mechanistic paradigm what were the major models practiced by OTs?

Answer 16

1. The Kinesiological model
2. The Psychoanalytic model
3. The Neurological Model