History of Orthodontics

Question 1

Appliances for aligning these go as far back as the __

Answer 1

Egyptians

Question 2

From evidence found in human skulls, Crooked teeth have been around since the time of ?

Answer 2

Neanderthal man

Question 3

Not until about 3000 years ago that we had the first written record of?

Answer 3

Attempts to correct crowded or protruding teeth

Question 4

Primitive and surprisingly well designed orthodontic appliances have been found with?

Answer 4

Greek and Etruscan artifacts

Question 5

Archaeologists have discovered ? wrapped around Individual teeth.

Answer 5

Egyptian mummies with crude metal bands

Question 6

It is speculated that ? was used to close the gaps

Answer 6

Catgut

Question 7

Ancient origin

Answer 7

Etruscans
Ancient Greek
Romans

Question 8

The earliest evidence of appliances being used to straighten teeth.

They buried their dead with appliances that were used to maintain space and prevent collapse of the dentition.

Answer 8

Etruscans

Question 9

Considered to be one of the most exceptional figures in the history of medicine, published his ideas regarding the correction of tooth irregularities in 400 BC

Answer 9

Hippocrates

Question 10

Teeth bound with a gold wire presumably an ancient precursor to modern ligature wire have been found in a roman tomb in Egypt

Answer 10

Romans

Question 11

They saw teeth as precious

Answer 11

Romans

Question 12

Stated that special penalties would be exacted for knocking out the teeth of an individual either Freeman or slave

Answer 12

The first code of Roman law (450 BC)

Question 13

A great Roman philosopher and physician recommended extracting deciduous teeth to allow the eruption of the permanent dentition In his medical encyclopedia De Medicina

Answer 13

Aulus Cornelius Celsus

Question 14

First to record the use of finger pressure for the treatment of incorrectly positioned teeth and said that this finger pressure should be applied the new teeth every day to ensure correct tooth alignment

Answer 14

Aulus Cornelius Celsus

Question 15

Probably the first mechanical treatment was filing elongated teeth to bring them in the proper alignment at Chapter 49 named Remedies for Toothache in Naturalis Historia

This method remained in practice until the 1800s

Answer 15

Pliny the Elder

Question 16

The European renaissance of the 14th-17th centuries heralded scientists who studied dental anatomy most notably the Italian renaissance polymath:

Answer 16

Leonardo da Vinci

Question 17

His drawings included detailed studies on body proportions and he used details such as lip dental relationship, facial proportions and tooth size ratios in his paintings

Answer 17

Leonardo da Vinci

Question 18

Beginning in the 18 century the leading country In the field of dentistry was?

Answer 18

France

Question 19

Father of Orthodontia

Answer 19

Pierre Fauchard

Question 20

He was the first to remove dentistry from the bonds of empiricism and put it on a scientific foundation.

Published The surgeon dentist: a treatise on the teeth

Answer 20

Pierre Fauchard 

Question 21

He described methods of straightening teeth and devoted a chapter to the subject the first comprehensive discussion of orthodontic appliances in his book

Answer 21

Pierre Fauchard

Question 22

He describe the use of ligature wires to straighten teeth as well as the first expansion appliance appliance known as a bandeau 

Answer 22

Pierre Fauchard

Question 23

Fauchard’s bandeau was refined by?

Answer 23

Etienne Bourdet

Question 24

He published The Dentist’s Art which like Fauchard’s book included a chapter dedicated to tooth alignment

Answer 24

Etienne Bourdet 

Question 25

His was the first record of recommending serial instruction and of extracting premolars to relieve crowding

Answer 25

Etienne Bourdet

Question 26

He was also the first practice “lingual orthodontics” expanding the arch from the lingual

Answer 26

Etienne Bourdet

Question 27

Made the greatest and advances in dentistry of his time. An English anatomist and surgeon he took a particular interest in the anatomy of teeth and jaws.

Answer 27

John Hunter

Question 28

He was the first to describe normal of Lucian occlusion to attempt to classify the teeth. He established the difference between teeth and bone

Answer 28

John Hunter

Question 29

His text, the natural history of human teeth, presented the first clear statement of orthopedic principles. He was the first to describe the growth of jaws not as a hypothesis but as a sound, scientific investigations

Answer 29

John Hunter

Question 30

He was the first to classify malocclusion. He was the first to give explicit directions for correcting the irregularities of teeth

Answer 30

Joseph Fox

Question 31

He was particularly interested in the judicious removal of deciduous teeth, treatment timing, and the use of bite blocks to open the bite. His other appliances included an expansion arch and a chin cup 

Answer 31

Joseph Fox

Question 32

The term orthodontics was coined by him who use the word orthodontisie or orthodontia. He was also the first to combine a labial arch with a lingual arch

Answer 32

Joachim Lefoulon

Question 33

First to use plaster modeling to record malocclusion

Answer 33

Friedrich Christoph Kneisel

Question 34

When he fitted his prognathic px with a chin strap, he became the first to use a removable appliance

Answer 34

Kneisel

Question 35

Very early appliance were made out of this often used for tooth movement

Answer 35

Ivory with hickory wood pegs

Question 36

First of those dental pioneers who made the last half of the 19th century a period of great advancement

Answer 36

Normal Kingsley

Question 37

A splendid thinker and skilled artisan, he introduced several innovations, incuding occipital traction

Answer 37

Kingsley

Question 38

A Treatise on Oral Deformities The first to recommend that etiology, diagnosis, and treatment planning should be the foundations of practice

Answer 38

Kingsley

Question 39

First to discuss cleft palate treatment in terms of ortho

Answer 39

Kingsley

Question 40

Made the first reported effort to use a telescopic bar in the maxilla to correct a crossbite, he placed chincups on his Class 3 px

Answer 40

Amos Westcott

Question 41

Kingsley’s student, reported on a new design for an expansion appliance, which still bears his name.

Answer 41

C. R. Coffin

Question 42

He embedded spring-action piano wire bent into the shape of W into a vulcanite plate, separated the palte in the middle and activated the spring so that its halves pressed the alveolar process to the outside.

Answer 42

Coffin

Question 43

The investigations of him began the era of biologic tooth movement.

Answer 43

John Nutting Farrar

Question 44

His Treatise on Irregularities of the Teeth and Their Correction is considered the first great work devoted exclusively to orthodontics. For these reasons he has been called the Father of American Orthodontics.

Answer 44

Farrar

Question 45

He advocated the specific limits for the movement of teeth and in so doing, laid the foundation for scientific orthodontics.

Answer 45

Farrar

Question 46

He was among the first to use occupied anchorage to retract anterior teeth.

Answer 46

Farrar

Question 47

He recommended the bodily movement of teeth. Based on wnimal studies, he originated the theory of intermittent force and developed a screw to deliver this force if controlled

Answer 47

Farrar

Question 48

First to use, along with Henry Baker, Class 2 elastics and was the first to attempt bodily movement.

Answer 48

Calvin Case

Question 49

Also the first to use light wires (0.16 and 0.18 inch). He advocated extraction to correct facial deformities.

Answer 49

Case

Question 50

He incurred the wrath of Angle and his disciples. His paper provoked an acrimonious debate that came to be known as the Great Extraction Debate

Answer 50

Case

Question 51

He used headgears for cleft px and others. He was slow to be recognized but he is now considered one of the Big 4 of Orthodontics

Answer 51

Case

Question 52

Most dominant, dynamic, and influential figure in orthodontics. He is regarded as the Father of Modern Orthodontics. No other man in dentistry did more to foster this branch of dental science as a specialty, causing its separation from general practice and advocating it as recognized and distinct science

Answer 52

Edward H. Angle

Question 53

Called for the separation of orthodontics from dentistry, was the beginning of a new era of dentistry.

Answer 53

Angle

Question 54

He founded the first postgraduate school of orthodontics Angle School of Orthodontia, also the first orthodontic journal, The American Orthodontist

Answer 54

Angle

Question 55

Was published in Dental Cosmos, remains the most widely accepted classification of malocclusions.

Answer 55

Angle’s classification

Question 56

Based on the relationship of the maxillary to the mandibular first molars, it provided the first orderly means of characterizing malocclusions, and its universal acceptance by the dental profession is a testament to its practical simplicity

Answer 56

Angle’s classification

Question 57

Held 37 px; his most noteworthy appliances are the E-arch, the pin and tube appliance, the ribbon arch, and the edgewise appliance

Answer 57

Angle’s Appliances

Question 58

Angle’s appliances

Answer 58

E-arch Pin-and-tube appliance Ribbon arch Edgewise appliance

Question 59

Organized the first orthodontic society, the American Society of Orthodontists (now the American Association of Orthodontists, and became its first president

Answer 59

Angle

Question 60

Mother Angle, founding coeditor of the Angle orthodontist, and honorary chair of the Angle Society executive committee

Answer 60

Anna Hopkins

Question 61

Was once turned away from admission to Angle’s school became a leading figure in the specialty

Answer 61

Benno Lischer

Question 62

He wrote Elements of Orthodontia, Principles and Methods of Orthodontics, and Time to Tell

Answer 62

Lischer

Question 63

He was the first to use the term cephalometrics; he championed the term orthodontics in place of orthodontia; and he coined mesiocclusion, distocclusion, and neutrocclusion, promoting their use in lieu of Angle’s Classes 1,2,&3

Answer 63

Lischer

Question 64

Head of orthodontics at the UPenn. He tried to present orthodontics from the biologic rather than mechanical viewpoint.

Answer 64

John V. Mershon

Question 65

His study of relapse phenomenon led to his memorable quote: You can move teeth to where you think they belong; nature will place them where they will best adapt themselves to the rest of the organism.

Answer 65

Mershon

Question 66

Originally a children’s dentist. His interest on the growth and development les to a collection of some 1400 skulls. He originated the term key ridge

Answer 66

Spencer Atkinson

Question 67

Cephalometer “Face of the normal child”

Answer 67

Holly Broadbent

Question 68

Extraction of teeth (the bicuspids) to achieve occlusal stability and periodontal health was reintroduced

Answer 68

Into American ortho by Charles Tweed Sim. into the UK by Raymond Begg

Question 69

Was one of the first orthodontist to clarify the importance of addressing both facial and dental harmony

Answer 69

Lawrence Andrews