1. Introduction to Orthodontics Flashcards
A specific area of the dental profession that has responsibility to study and supervision of the growth & development of the dentition and its related anatomical structures from birth to dental maturity.
Orthodontics
It includes all preventive and corrective procedures of dental irregularities requiring the repositioning of teeth by functional and mechanical means to establish normal occlusion and pleasing facial contours.
Orthodontics
The art and science of orthodontic can be divided into three categories based on the nature and time of intervention
Preventative orthodontics
Interceptive orthodontics
Corrective orthodontics
Action taken to preserve the integrity of what appears to be normal occlusion at a specific time.
Preventive orthodontics
The preventive measures may include
Caries control,
Anatomical dental restoration,
space maintenance,
transitory oral habit correction,
genetic and congenital anomalies,
and
supervising exfoliation of deciduous teeth
It is that phase of the science and art of orthodontics, employed to recognize and eliminate potential irregularities and malpositions in the developing dentofacial complex.
Interceptive orthodontics
This recognizes the existence of malocclusion and the need for employing certain technical procedures to reduce or eliminate the problem and attendant sequelae.
Corrective orthodontics
These procedure may be mechanical, functional, or a surgical in nature.
Corrective orthodontics
Aims of orthodontic treatment
Functional Efficiency
Structural Balance
Aesthetic Harmony
Prevention of Speech defect
Correction of mouth breathing
Caries prevention
Periodontal disease prevention
Prevent trauma to anterior teeth
Prevention of risk of follicular cyst prevention of risk of root resorption
Prevention of complication of prosthetic treatment
Prevention and management of TMJD
Patients with anterior open bites and those with markedly increased or reverse over jets often complain of difficulty with eating, especially when incising food. This patient has a severe anterior open bite with contact only on the molars.
Functional efficiency
The orthodontic treatment should increase the efficiency of functions performed by the stomatognathic system.
Functional efficiency
The orthodontic treatment should increase the efficiency of functions performed by the stomatognathic system.
Functional efficiency
The treatment should maintain a balance between teeth, surrounding soft tissue envelope and associated skeletal structures.
Structural balance
The correction of one should not be detrimental to the health of one another.
Structural balance
Aesthetic standards cannot be rigidly formulated and not all irregularities of the teeth are aesthetically unsatisfactory. What is acceptable depends on the attitude of the patient himself and on the community in which he lives.
Aesthetic harmony
Facial appearance can be very important to an individuals well-being, self image, and success in society.
The orthodontic treatment should increase overall aesthetic appeal of the individual.
Aesthetic harmony
Malocclusion that adversely affects the appearance of person leads to psychological disturbances. Thus treatment of malocclusion in such patience helps in improving the mental well-being and confidence
Psychological well-being
The connection between various speech defects and malocclusion is of some practical importance, for example if a patient cannot attain contact between the incisors anteriorly, this may contribute to the production of a lisp.
Prevention of speech defects
This has been attributed as a possible etiologic factor for malocclusion.
The mode of respiration influences the posture of the jaw, the tongue and the lesser extent the head which alter the orofacial equilibrium thereby leading to malocclusion.
Correction of mouth breathing
Misalignment of teeth makes oral hygiene maintenance a difficult task, thereby increasing the risk of caries. The orthodontic reduce this risk by correction of malocclusion.
Caries prevention
Malocclusion associated with poor oral hygiene is a frequent cause of periodontal diseases.
Crowding lead to one or more teeth teeth being squeezed buccally or lingually out of their investing bone resulting in reduction of periodontal support.
Periodontal disease prevention
This also lead to increased loss of periodontal support.
Traumatic overbites
The risk of trauma to upper incisors Increases with the size of overjet. Teeth that are severely proclaimed are At high-risk of injury especially during play or by accidental fall. 
Prevent trauma to anterior teeth
In the cases of unerupted tooth there is a risk of formation of follicular cyst. This possibility can be eliminated by exposing the tooth and moving it forwards. 
Prevention of risk of follicular cysts
In the cases of unerupted tools there is a risk of resorption of the roots of adjacent teeth.
For example, unerupted canine may cause resorption of roots of lateral and perhaps central.
Prevention of risk of root resorption
Certain forms of malocclusion present difficult problems in the design of prosthesis. In these cases orthodontic treatment may be indicated.
Crowding in Anterior segment, lingual occlusion of upper teeth, scissor bites Can all present special difficulties in prosthetic treatment and justify orthodontic treatment.
Prevention of complication of prosthetic treatment
Malocclusion associated with prematurities and deep bite or a believed to be a cause of TMJ Problems such as pain and dysfunction.
Also in the cases with bruxism
Prevention and management of TMJD syndrome
The scope of orthodontics.
Moving teeth
Orthopedic change (Bone)
Altering the soft tissue envelop
Moving teeth without any deleterious effects into more ideal locations is what everyone always associates this field with.
Moving Teeth
Using functional appliances and the latest orthognathic techniques, it is possible to move entire jaws into more favorable positions.
Orthopedic change
The orthodontist can help retain or restrain the soft tissues and or bring about a change in them by altering the position of the teeth or the jaws.
Altering the soft tissue envelop
The basis of orthodontics
Growth and development
