HISTORY OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY IN THE PHILIPPINES

Question 1

The early life of the Filipinos had been mixed with superstitious beliefs.
Some of these beliefs continue persisting in some rural areas of the country.
These beliefs affect the health and sickness of the people. Sometimes this
makes the work of health workers difficult for they do not combat only disease
and unsanitary condition but they must also overcome superstitious beliefs which
may sometimes be dangerous to clients. Though the traditional approaches have
been approved and recognized as healing and scientific, some clients should still
be guided against certain hazardous practices and beliefs.

Answer 1

ANCIENT AND EARLY CARE OF THE SICK IN THE PHILIPPINES

Question 2

Examples of ANCIENT AND EARLY CARE OF THE SICK IN THE PHILIPPINES

Answer 2

 Any person afflicted with the disease with unknown cause was
under the spell of witchcraft
 Presence of herbolarios
 Presence of manggagaway or mangkukulam
 Aswang watching a pregnant mother
 Superstitious beliefs affecting childbirth and child care; dressing the
cord with ashes, tobacco, sand, powder, coconut, tight bond around
the waist of a pregnant mother.
 The first milk of the mother (colostrum) was supposed to be unfit
food for the newborn hence, the milk should be pumped out and
thrown away.

Question 3

Some hospitals in 15th century were established by the religious and by
the Spanish administrators for their nationals, especially for the soldiers. The
Franciscan order is the one responsible for the establishment of these hospitals.
The religious men (hospitallers) did the nursing care of the sick. They were
assisted by Filipino attendant whom they instructed in the art of caring of the sick.

Answer 3

EARLY HOSPITALS DURING THE SPANISH REGIME

Question 4

In the early development of nursing, the work of the nurse and the
physician were not clearly defined. Fray Juan Clemente, a lay brother of the
Franciscan order, performed both functions. He devoted his time in the care of
the sick in the Philippines. Nurse the lepers, made ointment and purgatives from
coconut oil. They used medical plants in the treatment of disease. They also
believe in cleanliness of the body and mind.

Answer 4

EARLY HOSPITALS DURING THE SPANISH REGIME

Question 5

This was established in the city of Manila to care for the king’s
soldiers. This was a general hospital administered by the Spanish government.

Answer 5

THE HOSPITAL REAL DE MANILA (1577)

Question 6

Fray Juan Clemente established this clinic for the service of leprous
patients, hence, named after San Lazaro, a patron saint of lepers. This was
administered by the hospitallers of San Juan De Dios.

Answer 6

SAN LAZARO HOSPITAL (1578)

Question 7

Established in Laguna, near Pansol, by fray J.Bautista of the
Franciscan order near a medical spring which was believed to cure several
patients.

Answer 7

HOSPITAL DE AGUAS SANTAS (1590)

Question 8

Founded by the brotherhood of Misericordia and was
administered by the hospitallers of San Juan De Dios from alms and rent.

Answer 8

SAN JUAN DE DIOS HOSPITAL (1596)

Question 9

Established in the little island on the Pasig river where the Hospicio de San Jose stands.

Answer 9

HOSPITAL DE CONVALENSENCIA (1656)

Question 10

A military hospital established in Zamboanga.

Answer 10

HOSPITAL DE ZAMBOANGA(1742

Question 11

A general hospital supported by alms and donations

Answer 11

HOSPITAL DE CAVITE (1842)

Question 12

Established for Chinese patients

Answer 12

HOSPITAL DE SAN GABRIEL (1866)

Question 13

The women during the Philippine revolution took active part in nursing
the wounded soldiers. Without any training in nursing, they dressed the wound,
alleviated pains, prepared foods and gave comfort to the men engage in war.

Answer 13

NURSING SERVICE DURING THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION

Question 14

attended and dressed the wounded soldiers with
care, cheer with soldiers. Escaped to Hongkong and died in 1902.

Answer 14

Mrs. Josephine Bracken

Question 15

Rosa Sevilla de Alvaro - nurses the wounded soldiers without training

Answer 15

Rosa Sevilla de Alvaro

Question 16

established a traveling clinic, President
of the Filipino Red Cross in Batangas.

Answer 16

Doña Hilaria Agoncillo de Aguinaldo-

Question 17

nursed the wounded soldiers

Answer 17

Tandang Sora

Question 18

after the Philippine revolution, there was a great need for hospitals,
dispensaries, and laboratories. The great problem after the American occupation
of Manila was the need of doctors and nurses to help eradicate frequent
epidemics of cholera, smallpox, and others. It was expensive to employ
Americans to work under the government; thus, the idea of training the Filipino
girls to become nurses was started.

Answer 18

HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY

Question 19

Board of Health was organized on ____

Answer 19

July 1901.

Question 20

Administered under the Baptist Foreign Mission Society of America,
started school in April, 1906. and has the distinction of graduating the first trained
nurses in 1909. First board exam was given in Iloilo.

Answer 20

THE ILOILO MISSION HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1906)

Question 21

The missionary nurses, Ms. Hick’s and Deaconess Charlotte Massy,
started the school in 1907.

Answer 21

SAINT LUKE’S HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1907)

Question 22

Mrs. Mary Colemen Masters and Mrs. Sofia Reyes de Veyra were among
the pioneer American teachers who saw the need of trained nurses in our
country. Both worked for the opening of the school.

Answer 22

PHILIPPINE GENERAL HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1907)

Question 23

the third American chief nurse of the PGH was
interested in the training of Filipino girls to enter the new profession of nursing.

Answer 23

Ms. Elsie McCloskey,

Question 24

was appointed by Senate President Quezon.
She was the first Filipino to occupy the position of chief nurse and superintendent
in the Philippines.

Answer 24

Ms. Anastacia Giron Tupas

Question 25

first nurse graduate

Answer 25

Ms. Apolona Salvador Ladao

Question 26

Established by Dr. Rebecca Parish and started its collegiate program
beginning from the school year 1953 to 1954.

Answer 26

THE MARY JOHNSTON HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1907)

Question 27

This school was opened on June 01, 1913 under the auspices of the
Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul.

Answer 27

THE SAN JUAN DE DIOS HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1913)

Question 28

Established by Mrs. Tancheco in 1891. The school of nursing was opened
in 1921.

Answer 28

THE CHINESE GENERAL HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1921)

Question 29

It was a military hospital but later it was placed under the Bureau of
Health to take care of civilians.

Answer 29

BAGUIO HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1923)

Question 30

Ms. Fannie Hiday was the first superintendent of nurses.

Answer 30

MANILA SANITARIUM AND HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1930)

Question 31

THE QUEZON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING ( 1957 )
Established in Lucena City with 150 beds, organized by Dr. Francisco
Vicuña

Answer 31

THE QUEZON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING ( 1957 )

Question 32

11. The first school of midwifery was established by Dr. Jose Fabella in 1922,
    who was appointed as the first secretary of health. It was opened at the
    Sampaloc General Hospital with only 10 students accepted.

Answer 32

SAINT PAUL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1946) – ILOILO

Question 33

Midwifery started as a 6- month course. This was later increased to one
year. The major functions of the midwives pertain to maternal and child care. In
the early years, student midwives were supported by the government.

Answer 33

DEVELOPMENT OF MIDWIFERY IN THE PHILIPPINES

Question 34

In 1974, Dr. Ricardo B. Gonzales was appointed chairman of the board for
midwifery. He is considered as the father of modern midwifery and the first
director of Dr. Jose Fabella Memorial Medical Center.

Answer 34

DEVELOPMENT OF MIDWIFERY IN THE PHILIPPINES
Midwifery started as a 6- month course. This was later increased to one
year. The major functions of the midwives pertain to maternal and child care. In
the early years, student midwives were supported by the government.
In 1974, Dr. Ricardo B. Gonzales was appointed chairman of the board for
midwifery. He is considered as the father of modern midwifery and the first
director of Dr. Jose Fabella Memorial Medical Center.`

Question 35

The effect of World War II brought unhappy situation to the Filipino people.
Disease was very rampant due to lack of food, clothing, shelter, medicine and
other prime necessities. Hundreds of wounded soldiers needed immediate care
so that several hospitals were established because of the tremendous work of
health rehabilitation of the country.

Answer 35

THE POST LIBERATION SCHOOL OF NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES

Question 36

a. demand of ever changing society
b. the desire to receive the best professional training
c. recognition by the community of its responsibilities
d. to keep abreast with trends of general education

Answer 36

The colleges/schools of nursing also arose because of the following reasons:

Question 37

1. The __ was opened in 1946 and offered a
   rich field for clinical teaching for student nurses.

Answer 37

North General Hospital of Nursing

Question 38

__ School of Nursing was opened on January 1947

Answer 38

Siliman University

Question 39

Provincial Hospital opened its school of Nursing on May
1948

Answer 39

Negros Occidental

Question 40

___-was established on November 19, 1951 with careful
admission screening.

Answer 40

Velez (Cebu) Clinic

Question 41

1. Challenging area in nursing today is the professional preparation for nurses.

Answer 41

CONTEMPORARY NURSING

Question 42

Nursing as a profession demand a broad general education to meet the goal of
producing a liberally educated nurse who can perform in a variety of settings.

Answer 42

CONTEMPORARY NURSING

Question 43

The Board of Nursing provides the graduates with license to practice nursing
upon passing the nurses’ board examination

Answer 43

CONTEMPORARY NURSING