HISTORY OF NEUROSCIENCE Flashcards
Who was the father of Western Medicine and what did he believe?
Hippocrates and he believed that the brain was involved in sensation as well as intelligence
On the contrary to Hippocrates belief, what did Aristotle believe?
That the heart was the centre of intellect and the brain was for cooling blood that was overheated by the heart
What did Greek physician and writer Galen believe from his study in the Roman times?
That the cerebrum must receive sensations and the cerebellum must command the muscles due to observing that the cerebrum is soft and cerebellum is hard when touching.
In the 19th century what was thought to be the function of the fluid in ventricles?
To be physically pumped out of the brain to CAUSE movement in the body and muscles
In the renaissance time what did Descartes believe?
People posses a God like given soul and brain mechanisms only control human behaviour like beasts and human mental capabilities exist outside brain in the mind. He believed the mind was a spiritual entity.
In which centuries was gray and white matter first discovered?
17th and 18th centuries
By 1800 who had shown that the brain can generate electricity and muscles can twitch when stimulated electrically?
Luigi Galvani and Emil di Biois- Reymond
What did Bell and Magendie find with relation to nerve fibres?
That ventral roots contain only motor fibres and dorsal roots contain only sensory fibres
What is the experimental ablation method?
Parts of the brain are systematically destroyed to determine their function
What was phrenology known as?
Correlating the structure of the head with personality traits
What is molecular neurosience?
Study of the brain at the molecular level
What is cellular neuroscience?
How the molecules work together to give neurons special properties …e.g. how do neurons influence other neurons?
What is systems neuroscience?
How certain systems function such as the visual system
What is behavioural neuroscience?
Studies questions like ‘how do neural systems work together to produce integrated behaviours?’
What is cognitive neuroscience?
GREATEST CHALLENGE. understanding neural mechanisms responsible for higher levels of human mental activity- self awareness, imagination and language. - how the brain creates the mind
