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Microbiology 1.1 > History of Microbiology and Microbial Diversity (Funcore 104) > Flashcards

History of Microbiology and Microbial Diversity (Funcore 104) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

It is the study of microorganism on how they live on earth, how they associate and cooperate with each other, and what they do in the world at large, in soils and waters and in animals and plants?

A

Ecology

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2
Q

The science of microbiology revolves around two connected themes what is is?

A
  1. Understanding the nature and function of the micobial world
    2.Applying our understading of the microbial world
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3
Q

It is the understanding of the chemical and physical basis of life and learned that cells share much in common?

A

Basic Biological Science

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4
Q

What is Microbiology?

A

The study of microorganism and how they work, also the diversity and evolution of microbial cells.

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5
Q

The first entities on Earth showed the properties we associate with life?

A

Microorganism

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6
Q

It is known that all cells have descended from a ancestral cell, and what it is?

A

LUCA (Last Universal Common Ancestor

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7
Q

The years where microbial cells first appear

A

3.8 and 3.9 Billion years ago

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8
Q

What is anoxic mean?

A

no oxygen

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9
Q

The First 2 Billion years of Earths existence, its atmosphere was?

A

Anoxic ~only nitrogen(N2), carbon dioxide (CO2)

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10
Q

What organism are capable of anaerobic metabolism?

A

Microorganism

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11
Q

The evolution of phototrophic microorganism occured within?

A

1 billion years of the formation of earth

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12
Q

The first phototrophs were relatively simple ones such as?

A

purple or bacteria and other anoxygenic (non oxygen evolving) phototrophs

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13
Q

This organisms evolved from anoxygenix phototrophs and began to process oxygenrating earth’s atmosphere?

A

Cyanobacteria

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14
Q

What percent of the timeline of life on earth shows of life history was exclusively microbial?

A

80%

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15
Q

What planet considered as a microbial planet?

A

Earth

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16
Q

Earth considered of what planet?

A

microbial planet

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17
Q

Year when microscope was available?

A

mid-1600’s

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18
Q

He is a English scientist that made a observations about the strands of fungi among the specimens of cells?

A

Robert Hooke

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19
Q

In 1670’s there is a Dutch merchant made a careful observations of microscopic organisms which he called animacules

A

Anton van Leeunwenhoek

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20
Q

What Anton Leeuwenhoek called about his observations about microscopic organisms?

A

Animacules

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21
Q

Who is this scientist the one of the first to provide accurate description of protozoa, fungi, and bacteria?

A

Anton van Leeunwenhoek

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22
Q

What organism did Anton van Leeunwenhoek provide accurate description?

A

Protozoa, Fungi and Bacteria

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23
Q

The one who discover why wine and dairy products became sour, and he found that bacteria were to blame?

A

Louis Pasteur

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24
Q

What theory did Louis Pasteur created about if bacteria could make wine “sick” then perhaps they could cause human illness?

A

Germ Theory

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25
Q

What series of classic experiments Pasteur began?

A

Spontaneous Generation

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26
Q

A German scientist provided the proof by cultivating anthrax bacteria apart from any other type of organism

A

Robert
koch

27
Q

Anthrax is caused by an endospore forming bacterioum called?

A

Bacillus Anthracis

28
Q

The procedure by Koch came to be known as?

A

Koch’s Postulate

29
Q

Kochs crowning scientific accomplishment was his discovery of the causative agent of?

A

Tuberculosis

30
Q

Koch brought together all the methods he has developed to his previous studies in anthrax, and what they are?

A

Microscopy
Staining
Pure culture isolation
Animal Model System

31
Q

What age where many agents of different infectious diseases were identified?

A

Golden Age of Microbiology

32
Q

What medicine introduce after world war 2?

A

Antibiotics

33
Q

In 1921, he discovered Lysozyme in tissues and secretions

A

Alexander Fleming

34
Q

In 1928 Alexander Fleming devoloped a staphylococcus culture plate that created a bacteria free circle around itself, and what it is?

A

Penicillin (P. notatum)

35
Q

In 1940’s there is a microscope that was developed, what it is?

A

Electron Microscope

36
Q

What year when electron microscope developed, and viruses were introduced and developed rapidly?

A

1940’s

37
Q

In 1950’s and 1960’s they development of a?

A

Vaccines

38
Q

Modern Biology reaches in?

A

Pharmaceutical Products, Food, Dairy Products Production, control of disease - causing microorganisms in consumamble waters, and the industrial applications of microorganism

39
Q

Microorganism are placed into a system of?

A

Classification

40
Q

Classification is?

A

characteristics that are common among certain groups while providing order to the variety of living things

41
Q

The science of classification is known as?

A

Taxonomy

42
Q

Alternative expression for classification category called?

A

Taxon

43
Q

The father of Taxonomy?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

44
Q

The fundamental rank of the classification as set down by Linnaeus is?

A

Species

45
Q

In the microorganisms species defined as?

A

a group of organisms that are 70% similar from a biochemical standpoint

46
Q

Species are grouped together to form a?

A

Genus

47
Q

What species are Shigella boydii and Shigella flexneri are?

A

Genus

48
Q

Morphology and Structure considered as?

A

Cellular features, biochemical, properties, and genetic characteristics

49
Q

The two major groups of organisms?

A

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

50
Q

Example of Prokaryotes?

A

Bacteria

51
Q

Example of Eukaryotes?

A

Fungi, Protozoa and unicellular algae

52
Q

Is Viruses alive or not?

A

Viruses are not alive, but if they are in the host then we call viruses alive, but if they are not in the host viruses are not alive.

53
Q

They are lack of nucleus or nuclear membrane

A

Bacteria

54
Q

Bacteria reproduce?

A

binary fission

55
Q

What is the process of Binary Fission?

A

Parent Cell to Replication of DNA to Segregation of DNA to Cell splitting into two.

56
Q

A kind of eukaryotic microorganisms that are multicellular molds and unicellular

A

Fungi

57
Q

is a filamentous, branch of fungi use to spores reproduction?

A

Molds

58
Q

is unicellular organisms, have no cell walls?

A

Protozoa

59
Q

It is a term that imply plantlike organisms

A

Algae

60
Q

It is a ultramicroscopic bits of genetic material, have no metabolism, multiply in living cells and used chemical machinery of cells for their own purpose?

A

Viruses

61
Q

Example of Viruses

A

Bacteriophage (DNA)
Tobacco Mosaic Virus (RNA)
Adenovirus (DNA)
Influenza Virus (RNA)

62
Q

Organisms placed into classification system, each organism is given a?

A

Binomial Name

63
Q

The First name in the binomial name is?

A

Genus

64
Q

The second name in the binomial name is?

A

Species

Microbiology 1.1 (2 decks)

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