History of Microbiology and Microbial Diversity (Funcore 104)

Question 1

It is the study of microorganism on how they live on earth, how they associate and cooperate with each other, and what they do in the world at large, in soils and waters and in animals and plants?

Answer 1

Ecology

Question 2

The science of microbiology revolves around two connected themes what is is?

Answer 2

1. Understanding the nature and function of the micobial world
   2.Applying our understading of the microbial world

Question 3

It is the understanding of the chemical and physical basis of life and learned that cells share much in common?

Answer 3

Basic Biological Science

Question 4

What is Microbiology?

Answer 4

The study of microorganism and how they work, also the diversity and evolution of microbial cells.

Question 5

The first entities on Earth showed the properties we associate with life?

Answer 5

Microorganism

Question 6

It is known that all cells have descended from a ancestral cell, and what it is?

Answer 6

LUCA (Last Universal Common Ancestor

Question 7

The years where microbial cells first appear

Answer 7

3.8 and 3.9 Billion years ago

Question 8

What is anoxic mean?

Answer 8

no oxygen

Question 9

The First 2 Billion years of Earths existence, its atmosphere was?

Answer 9

Anoxic ~only nitrogen(N2), carbon dioxide (CO2)

Question 10

What organism are capable of anaerobic metabolism?

Answer 10

Microorganism

Question 11

The evolution of phototrophic microorganism occured within?

Answer 11

1 billion years of the formation of earth

Question 12

The first phototrophs were relatively simple ones such as?

Answer 12

purple or bacteria and other anoxygenic (non oxygen evolving) phototrophs

Question 13

This organisms evolved from anoxygenix phototrophs and began to process oxygenrating earth’s atmosphere?

Answer 13

Cyanobacteria

Question 14

What percent of the timeline of life on earth shows of life history was exclusively microbial?

Answer 14

80%

Question 15

What planet considered as a microbial planet?

Answer 15

Earth

Question 16

Earth considered of what planet?

Answer 16

microbial planet

Question 17

Year when microscope was available?

Answer 17

mid-1600’s

Question 18

He is a English scientist that made a observations about the strands of fungi among the specimens of cells?

Answer 18

Robert Hooke

Question 19

In 1670’s there is a Dutch merchant made a careful observations of microscopic organisms which he called animacules

Answer 19

Anton van Leeunwenhoek

Question 20

What Anton Leeuwenhoek called about his observations about microscopic organisms?

Answer 20

Animacules

Question 21

Who is this scientist the one of the first to provide accurate description of protozoa, fungi, and bacteria?

Answer 21

Anton van Leeunwenhoek

Question 22

What organism did Anton van Leeunwenhoek provide accurate description?

Answer 22

Protozoa, Fungi and Bacteria

Question 23

The one who discover why wine and dairy products became sour, and he found that bacteria were to blame?

Answer 23

Louis Pasteur

Question 24

What theory did Louis Pasteur created about if bacteria could make wine “sick” then perhaps they could cause human illness?

Answer 24

Germ Theory

Question 25

What series of classic experiments Pasteur began?

Answer 25

Spontaneous Generation

Question 26

A German scientist provided the proof by cultivating anthrax bacteria apart from any other type of organism

Answer 26

Robert koch

Question 27

Anthrax is caused by an endospore forming bacterioum called?

Answer 27

Bacillus Anthracis

Question 28

The procedure by Koch came to be known as?

Answer 28

Koch's Postulate

Question 29

Kochs crowning scientific accomplishment was his discovery of the causative agent of?

Answer 29

Tuberculosis

Question 30

Koch brought together all the methods he has developed to his previous studies in anthrax, and what they are?

Answer 30

Microscopy Staining Pure culture isolation Animal Model System

Question 31

What age where many agents of different infectious diseases were identified?

Answer 31

Golden Age of Microbiology

Question 32

What medicine introduce after world war 2?

Answer 32

Antibiotics

Question 33

In 1921, he discovered Lysozyme in tissues and secretions

Answer 33

Alexander Fleming

Question 34

In 1928 Alexander Fleming devoloped a staphylococcus culture plate that created a bacteria free circle around itself, and what it is?

Answer 34

Penicillin (P. notatum)

Question 35

In 1940's there is a microscope that was developed, what it is?

Answer 35

Electron Microscope

Question 36

What year when electron microscope developed, and viruses were introduced and developed rapidly?

Answer 36

1940's

Question 37

In 1950's and 1960's they development of a?

Answer 37

Vaccines

Question 38

Modern Biology reaches in?

Answer 38

Pharmaceutical Products, Food, Dairy Products Production, control of disease - causing microorganisms in consumamble waters, and the industrial applications of microorganism

Question 39

Microorganism are placed into a system of?

Answer 39

Classification

Question 40

Classification is?

Answer 40

characteristics that are common among certain groups while providing order to the variety of living things

Question 41

The science of classification is known as?

Answer 41

Taxonomy

Question 42

Alternative expression for classification category called?

Answer 42

Taxon

Question 43

The father of Taxonomy?

Answer 43

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 44

The fundamental rank of the classification as set down by Linnaeus is?

Answer 44

Species

Question 45

In the microorganisms species defined as?

Answer 45

a group of organisms that are 70% similar from a biochemical standpoint

Question 46

Species are grouped together to form a?

Answer 46

Genus

Question 47

What species are Shigella boydii and Shigella flexneri are?

Answer 47

Genus

Question 48

Morphology and Structure considered as?

Answer 48

Cellular features, biochemical, properties, and genetic characteristics

Question 49

The two major groups of organisms?

Answer 49

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Question 50

Example of Prokaryotes?

Answer 50

Bacteria

Question 51

Example of Eukaryotes?

Answer 51

Fungi, Protozoa and unicellular algae

Question 52

Is Viruses alive or not?

Answer 52

Viruses are not alive, but if they are in the host then we call viruses alive, but if they are not in the host viruses are not alive.

Question 53

They are lack of nucleus or nuclear membrane

Answer 53

Bacteria

Question 54

Bacteria reproduce?

Answer 54

binary fission

Question 55

What is the process of Binary Fission?

Answer 55

Parent Cell to Replication of DNA to Segregation of DNA to Cell splitting into two.

Question 56

A kind of eukaryotic microorganisms that are multicellular molds and unicellular

Answer 56

Fungi

Question 57

is a filamentous, branch of fungi use to spores reproduction?

Answer 57

Molds

Question 58

is unicellular organisms, have no cell walls?

Answer 58

Protozoa

Question 59

It is a term that imply plantlike organisms

Answer 59

Algae

Question 60

It is a ultramicroscopic bits of genetic material, have no metabolism, multiply in living cells and used chemical machinery of cells for their own purpose?

Answer 60

Viruses

Question 61

Example of Viruses

Answer 61

Bacteriophage (DNA) Tobacco Mosaic Virus (RNA) Adenovirus (DNA) Influenza Virus (RNA)

Question 62

Organisms placed into classification system, each organism is given a?

Answer 62

Binomial Name

Question 63

The First name in the binomial name is?

Answer 63

Genus

Question 64

The second name in the binomial name is?

Answer 64

Species