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Principles of Infectious Disease > History of Microbiology > Flashcards

History of Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Who is the “father of microbiology”?

A

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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2
Q

What did Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discover?

A 
Protists
Bacteria
Vacuole
Spermatozoa
Banded pattern of muscle fibers
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3
Q

What vaccine was created by Edward Jenner?

A

Small pox

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4
Q

How did Edward Jenner create the Small pox vaccine?

A

VARIOLATION

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5
Q

What is VARIOLATION?

A
  • Method first used to immunize an individual against smallpox (Variola)
  • Material taken from a patient in the hope that a mild, but protective infection would result.
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6
Q

What is an example of Variolation?

A

Innoculation with the related
cow-pox virus to build immunity against
the smallpox

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7
Q

Who adopted the term vaccination as immunization against any disease?

A

Pasteur

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8
Q

Who made the first Rabies vaccination?

A

Pasteur

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9
Q

What are other innovations from Louis Pasteur?

A
  • Pasteurization of milk

- (In chemistry) he described a molecular basis for asymmetry of certain crystals

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10
Q

What is the germ theory of disease?

A

The idea that microorganisms cause disease

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11
Q

What theory does the germ theory of disease disprove?

A

Theory of spontaneous generation

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12
Q

Which scientist was a supporter of the germ theory of disease?

A

Louis Pasteur

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13
Q

Which scientist demonstrated the first proof of the germ theory of disease using BACILLUS ANTHRACIS?

A

Robert Koch

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14
Q

Name two other microorganisms that Robert Koch isolated

A
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis

- Vibrio cholerae

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15
Q

For what category was ROBERT KOCH awarded the Nobel Prize?

A

Physiology
and
Medicine

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16
Q

What are KOCH’s Postulates (4)?

A
  • Organism must always be present, in every case of the disease
  • Organism must be isolated from a host containing the disease and grown in pure culture
  • Sample of the organism taken from pure culture must cause the same disease when inoculated into a healthy, susceptible animal in the laboratory
  • The organism must be isolated from the inoculated animal and must be identified as the same original organism first isolated from the originally diseased host
17
Q

Who discovered agar as a solidifying material?

A

Angelina and Walter Hesse

18
Q

Discoveries of Paul Ehrich

A
  • Developed acid-fast stain
  • Discovered cure for syphilis
  • Developed concept of chemotherapy
  • Developed antiserum to combat diptheria
19
Q

For what category was PAUL ERLICH awarded the Nobel Prize?

A

Physiology
and
Medicine

20
Q

Who developed the Gram Stain?

A

Christian Gram

21
Q

Who added the final step to the Gram stain utilizing safranin?

A

Carl Weigert

22
Q

Which scientist demonstrated that the Tobacco Mosaic Disease was caused by a virus?

A

Dmitri Iosifovich Ivanovski

23
Q

Who is one of the founders of virology?

A

Martinus Beijerinck

24
Q

What did Martinus Beijerinck do?

A
  • Isolated tobacco mosaic virus

- Recognized viral dependence on cells for replication

25
Q

Which scientist proved that mosquitos were the carrier of the YELLOW FEVER AGENT?

A

Walter Reed

26
Q

Discoveries of Alexander Fleming

A
  • Penicillin mold culture inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus
27
Q

For what category was Alexander Fleming awarded the Nobel Prize?

A

Physiology
And
Medicine

28
Q

Who discovered the structure of DNA?

A

Crick
Watson
Wilkins
Franklin

29
Q

Who developed a method to sequence DNA?

A
  • W. Gilbert

- F. Sanger

30
Q

For what category were W. Gilbert and F. Sanger awarded the Nobel Prize?

A

CHEMISTRY

31
Q

Invention of Kary Mullis

A

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

32
Q

For what category was Kary Mullis awarded the Nobel Prize?

A

CHEMISTRY

Principles of Infectious Disease (4 decks)

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