History of Microbiology Flashcards
Who is the “father of microbiology”?
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
What did Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discover?
Protists Bacteria Vacuole Spermatozoa Banded pattern of muscle fibers
What vaccine was created by Edward Jenner?
Small pox
How did Edward Jenner create the Small pox vaccine?
VARIOLATION
What is VARIOLATION?
- Method first used to immunize an individual against smallpox (Variola)
- Material taken from a patient in the hope that a mild, but protective infection would result.
What is an example of Variolation?
Innoculation with the related
cow-pox virus to build immunity against
the smallpox
Who adopted the term vaccination as immunization against any disease?
Pasteur
Who made the first Rabies vaccination?
Pasteur
What are other innovations from Louis Pasteur?
- Pasteurization of milk
- (In chemistry) he described a molecular basis for asymmetry of certain crystals
What is the germ theory of disease?
The idea that microorganisms cause disease
What theory does the germ theory of disease disprove?
Theory of spontaneous generation
Which scientist was a supporter of the germ theory of disease?
Louis Pasteur
Which scientist demonstrated the first proof of the germ theory of disease using BACILLUS ANTHRACIS?
Robert Koch
Name two other microorganisms that Robert Koch isolated
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Vibrio cholerae
For what category was ROBERT KOCH awarded the Nobel Prize?
Physiology
and
Medicine
What are KOCH’s Postulates (4)?
- Organism must always be present, in every case of the disease
- Organism must be isolated from a host containing the disease and grown in pure culture
- Sample of the organism taken from pure culture must cause the same disease when inoculated into a healthy, susceptible animal in the laboratory
- The organism must be isolated from the inoculated animal and must be identified as the same original organism first isolated from the originally diseased host
Who discovered agar as a solidifying material?
Angelina and Walter Hesse
Discoveries of Paul Ehrich
- Developed acid-fast stain
- Discovered cure for syphilis
- Developed concept of chemotherapy
- Developed antiserum to combat diptheria
For what category was PAUL ERLICH awarded the Nobel Prize?
Physiology
and
Medicine
Who developed the Gram Stain?
Christian Gram
Who added the final step to the Gram stain utilizing safranin?
Carl Weigert
Which scientist demonstrated that the Tobacco Mosaic Disease was caused by a virus?
Dmitri Iosifovich Ivanovski
Who is one of the founders of virology?
Martinus Beijerinck
What did Martinus Beijerinck do?
- Isolated tobacco mosaic virus
- Recognized viral dependence on cells for replication
Which scientist proved that mosquitos were the carrier of the YELLOW FEVER AGENT?
Walter Reed
Discoveries of Alexander Fleming
- Penicillin mold culture inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus
For what category was Alexander Fleming awarded the Nobel Prize?
Physiology
And
Medicine
Who discovered the structure of DNA?
Crick
Watson
Wilkins
Franklin
Who developed a method to sequence DNA?
- W. Gilbert
- F. Sanger
For what category were W. Gilbert and F. Sanger awarded the Nobel Prize?
CHEMISTRY
Invention of Kary Mullis
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
For what category was Kary Mullis awarded the Nobel Prize?
CHEMISTRY
