History of Microbiology Flashcards
Who is antoni van leeuwenhoek
-invented the microscope
-began making + using simple microscopes
What did Antoni Leeuwenhoek exam
he examined H2O, animals, fungi, algae and single celled protozoa
By the end of what century was the micrscope introduced and what was found
what was known as beasties > microbes
Who is carlous linnaeus
-taxonomic system
-animal kingdom vs plant kingdom
What is a taxonomic system
a system for naming plants + animals and grouping similar organisms together
What are the 6 categories of microorganisms
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Fungi
- Protozoa
- Algae
- Small multicellular animals
Why is virsuses not a microorganism category
too small to see with microscope
Who is Francessco Redi
he disproved spontaneous generation
argued that flies come from other flies not the meat itself
Who is John Needham
plays a role in sponataneous generation
boiled beef gracy and infusions of sealed flasks with corks
What does it mean when it says life source in the Needham Experiment
sealed vials did not allow enough air for organisms to survive and heat was prolonged which destroyed the life force
What the germ theory of disease
germs which are also known as pathogens are caused by specific microorganisms
Critics believed the Spallanzanis worked with sealed vials did what
did not allow enough air for organisms to thrive
prolonged heating destroyed the life force
Who created germ theory of disease
Louis Pasteur
Lazzaro Spallanzani
boiled infusions for almost an hour and sealed the vials by melting the necks closed
his infusions remained clear until he broke the seal and exposure the infusion to air = then became cloudy with micro-organisms
Lazzaro Concluded 3 things
- Needham failed to heat his vials to kill microbes OR didnt seal it tight enough
- Microorganisms exsist in air and can contaminate it
- S.G does not occur, all living things arise from other living things
Spontaneous Generation
process by which all living things develop from non living matter
Who is Louis pasteur
played a role in pasteurization and feremntation
Louis Pasteur in spontaneous generation
boiled infusion long enough to kill everything
rather than seal the flasks, bent them in S shape
allowed air to enter while preventing microbes
Findings in Louis Pasteur swan flask
swan flask = free of microbes
flask tilted = infusion is cloudy
Louis Pasteur hypothesized what in ferementation
grape juice containing yeast + bacteria causes fermentation
Pasteurization of grape juice
heating grape juice enough to kill most contaminating bacteria without changing quality of product
Who is robert koch
determined what causes anthrax
examined infected cows blood
injected blood in mice = mice died
Koch postulates
- Suspected causative agent must be found in every case of disease and be absent from healthy host
- Agent needs to be isolated and grwon inside the host
- When agent is introduced to healthy, susceptible host will get disease
- Same agent must be found in diseased experimental host
