History of Microbiology [1] Flashcards
Although the existence of microorganisms was surmised long before, their discovery depended upon a technological development (the microscope) in order for scientists to __________.
A: make direct observations of microbes
B: publish their results
C: construct meaningful hypotheses concerning microbial activities
D: synthesize meaningful theories about the roles of microbes in disease
A
The person who described the "wee animalcules" was A Ferdinand Cohn. B Robert Hooke. C Louis Pasteur. D Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.
D
The first documented description of a microorganism was of a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A yeast / Martinus Beijerinck B mold / Robert Hooke C fungus / Robert Koch D bacterium / Ferdinand Cohn
B
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ was the first to describe microorganisms, while \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ was the first person to see bacteria. A Antoni van Leeuwenhoek / Robert Hook B Antoni van Leeuwenhoek / Robert Koch C Robert Koch / Antoni van Leeuwenhoek D Robert Hooke / Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
D
Pasteur’s experiments refuting the theory of spontaneous generation were crucial to the advancement of the field of microbiology because they led to the development of all EXCEPT which of the following?
A the germ theory of disease
B optical isomers
C food preservation
D sterile technique
B
Louis Pasteur developed the vaccine(s) for A anthrax, fowl cholera, and rabies. B fowl cholera. C anthrax. D rabies.
A
Microbial sterilization is used to
A kill bacteria but not necessarily viruses or other microbes.
B clean a work area.
C decrease the possibility of contaminants growing in a culture.
D kill all microbes in or on objects.
B
Which of the following is NOT an accomplishment of Louis Pasteur?
A developed the first rabies vaccine and treated thousands of individuals
B developed heat sterilization techniques that involved the creation of a specialized swan-necked flask
C determined that the alcohol-making process was mediated by microbial fermentation and thus refuted the theory of spontaneous generation
D developed enrichment culture techniques
D
The theory of spontaneous generation was refuted by the work of A Robert Hooke. B Robert Koch. C Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. D Louis Pasteur.
D
Predict how Pasteur’s conclusions on spontaneous generation with swan flasks would have changed if he worked with and maintained the flasks in a sterile laminar flow hood.
A Pasteur’s flasks never would have putrefied, and the experiment would not have refuted spontaneous generation.
B His incubation times would not have been sufficient to refute spontaneous generation.
C Sterilization of the swan flask solutions would not have been necessary to reject spontaneous generation. If he did sterilize the flasks, the spontaneous generation hypothesis would have been supported.
D Viruses would have still been present, and his conclusion would have been unchanged.
A
The step in Koch’s postulates that most critically enabled him to determine that a particular microbe was the cause, and not an effect, of a particular disease was __________.
A the suspected pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease and absent from healthy animals
B cells from a pure culture of the suspected pathogen must cause the disease in a healthy susceptible animal
C the suspected pathogen must be grown in pure culture
D the suspected pathogen must be reisolated from the experimentally infected animal and is shown to be the same as the original microbe isolated
B
Explain the germ theory of disease.
A Some microorganisms can cause disease.
B Only pure cultures of microorganisms cause disease.
C All microorganisms can cause disease.
D Something in the air caused healthy people to become sick.
A
Arrange Koch’s postulates in the correct order.
A pathogen present in all cases of disease; pathogen isolated in pure culture; pathogen able to infect healthy host; pathogen re-isolated
B pathogen present in all cases of disease; pathogen able to infect healthy host; pathogen isolated in pure culture; pathogen re-isolated
C pathogen isolated in pure culture; pathogen present in all cases of disease; pathogen re-isolated; pathogen able to infect healthy host
D pathogen present in all cases of disease; pathogen isolated in pure culture; pathogen re-isolated; pathogen able to infect healthy host
A
Fannie Hesse is credited with giving ________ the idea to use agar as a solidifying agent.
Sergei Winogradsky
Louis Pasteur
Robert Koch
Ferdinand Cohn
C
Transparent double-sided dishes used for growing microbes are most commonly called
Transparent double-sided dishes used for growing microbes are most commonly called
A Petri dishes.
B culture medium plates.
C sterilization plates.
D baker dishes.
A
