History Of Medicine- Treat Illness And Disease KQ3 Flashcards
Give examples of herbal remedies used in the medieval period?
Lavender for headaches
Herbs were ground in a pestle and mortar
Printing press allowed books called ‘Herbals’ to be produced
Honey was effective
Posies were ineffective for treating the plague
What was blood letting ? Medieval period
Making an incision into a persons vein and then letting out blood, leeches
What were Barbour surgeons?
Bled patients, extracted teeth, performed minor surgery, sold medicine and cut hair.
Used hot iron to deal wounds and stop bleeding
Welsh examples, medieval period
Dynion hysbys - believe they had the power to break and undo evil spells
Physicians of Myddfai- physicians of the village of Muddfai, treated like local lords.
Recorded cures and remedies in Llyfr Coch Hergest
How did James Simpson discover chloroform?
Would make himself and friends inhale different chemicals
How did Anaesthetics help and hinder health in the 19th century
Patients would not die of pain or trauma
Doctors became more adventurous often leading to unnecessary surgery which could cause patient death.
How did anaesthetics improve the quality of surgery?
Surgeons could take longer because the patient wasn’t in pain
Who opposed anaesthetics ?
Clergyman
‘Chloroform was a decoy of satan’
What did Joseph Lister do to fight infection?
Wash his hands with carbolic acid
How did antiseptics positively impact health in the 1800s?
They reduced infection rate from 46% to 15% in 3 years
What discovery helped the acceptance of listers ideas?
Discovery of the bacteria that caused septicaemia 1878
Welsh example of attempts to treat illness in the 1800s?
The BONESETTERS OF WALES
Thomas Rocyn Jones (1822-77) experimented with new methods of setting bones
Evan Thomas (1804-84) treated bone and joint diseases
Hugh Owen Thomas (1834-91) designed the ‘Thomas splint’ to stabilise the femur
Sir Robert Jones (1857-1933) became lecturer of orthopaedic surgery in Liverpool university during WW1. He is know as the father of orthopaedics
How did Alexander Fleming discover penicillin ?
Had been observing staphylococci bacteria, when he returned from a holiday he saw that mood had grown. Where the mould had grown the bacteria had significantly reduced.
When did Fleming publish a report on Penicillin?
1929
When was penicillin first utilised?
By 1944 there was enough penicillin to treat all allied casualties.
1945 it became available to citizens
When did the first transplant surgery take place?
December 1967, Christiaan Barnard performed the worlds first human heart transplant on Louis Wasnanksy
What type of drugs solved transplant rejection?
Immunosuppressive drugs
Welsh example- treat illness and disease modern period
Human Transplantation Act 2013- Wales was the first part of UK to change the law to ‘presumed consent’
Name some modern advances in treating cancer?
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
Surgery
Name some modern advances in treating diseases
Heart disease- treated by diet, drugs, lower blood pressure or cholesterol levels, pacemaker
Miniaturisation- surgeons can perform key hole surgery, avoiding large incisions and speeding up recovery process
Alternative medicine- hydrotherapy, aromatherapy, hypnotherapy and acupuncture. Traditional remedies
