history of medicine Flashcards
What did Alexander Fleming discover?
in 1928, discovered penicillin out of mold which kills staph bacteria
What did Andreas Vesalius discover?
known as the “father of modern anatomy” because he recorded human anatomy by dissecting human cadavers
What 2 things did Benjamin Franklin discover?
- invented bifocals glasses in 1784
- found out that colds can go from person to person
What did Clara Barton discover?
in 1881, she founded the American Red Cross
What 4 things did Florence Nightingale discover/do?
- made the pioneering (theory) of nursing
- reformed hospitals
- invented pie-charts, or coxcomb diagrams, for visual statistics
- invented polar area charts, similar to pie-charts, but shows a scale diagram
how long were claudius galens’ teachings around for?
1500 years
what 2 things did claudius galen discover?
- found out that arteries carry blood away from the heart
- describes the valves of the heart
what is gregor mendel known for?
discovering the laws of inheritance by saying that genes come in a pair, one from each parent
what was gregor mendel’s famous experiment?
cross-pollinating pea pods/plants
what is hippocrates’ other name?
father of medicine
what 3 things did hippocrates discover?
- observed signs & symptoms of diseases
- found out that diseases are not caused by supernatural forces
- the theory of the four humors
What 2 things is Joseph Lister known for?
- first to use antiseptic during surgery
- used asepsis to lower death rate in surgery
What did Jonas Salk discover?
a killed polio virus would cause immunity to polio
What 2 things did Louis Pasteur discover?
- germ theory: one microorganism causes one disease
- made first rabies vaccine
What did Marie Curie discover?
found the element Radium and it is used in some cancer treatments
What did Paul Ehrlich discover?
Discovered effect of medicine on disease causing microorganisms
What did Wilhelm Roentgen discover?
discovered x-rays and how the “x” means unknown
What did William Harvey discover?
16th century, found the one-way circulation blood and that it was pumped by the heart
How did the Chinese contribute to medicine?
it’s the world oldest medical system which invented acupuncture and herbal medicine
what are Egyptians one of the first to do?
first to keep health records
what are the superstitions that Egyptians had?
believed that demons caused disease, so they kept the eye of horus with them to keep the demons away
what 2 inventions did the Egyptians make that are still used today?
- enemas for loosening stool
- surgical circumcisions
the Greeks were one of the first to do what?
first to study diseases
what did Greeks disprove?
disproved the superstitions of the Egyptians with research
what did the Greeks found out about disease?
diseases spread because of bad sanitation practices
what is the symbol of medicine and who made it?
Aesculapius made the symbol of medicine with 1 staff and 1 serpent
How did India contribute to medicine?
by using Ayurvedic methods, Shrushta, the father of surgery in India, document surgical procedures like rhinoplasty and skin graft
what were the Romans the first to do?
first to organize medical care and establish a sanitation system
what inventions did the Romans do to maintain public health?
made public baths, sewers, and aqueducts as a sanitation system
what did Anton van Leeuwenhoek invent?
invented the microscope for viewing microorganisms
what did Laennec invent?
invented the stethoscope so doctors did not have to put their ear on the patient’s chest to hear the heartbeat
what did James Watson & Francis Crick discover?
the double helix structure of DNA
What did the ancients think was the overall cause of disease?
supernatural forces, like demons, caused disease
when was the birth of john hopkins hospital?
1876
Who brought an end to the 1854 Cholera epidemic (London) by
tracing the source to a water pump?
john snow
scurvy is a deficiency caused in what?
vitamin C
who discovered the cause of “childbed fever” & proposed that cleanliness could reduce infection?
Semmelweis
The first “human to human” heart transplant was performed in 1967 in South Africa by?
Christian Bernard
Who discovered the cause of Scurvy and developed a successful treatment of drinking lime juice?
James Lind
what did sir thomas lewis discover?
the technology of the EKG
Who discovered laughing gas which has been used to make dentistry procedures less painful?
sir humphry davy
who developed the first smallpox vaccine?
edward jenner
Who was an ancient Egyptian physician whom the name has been given “God of Medicine”?
Imhotep
in the four humors theory, what 4 fluids should be balanced for good health?
- black bile
- phlegm
- yellow bile
- blood
