History of Family Therapy Flashcards
schism
division of the family into 2 antagonistic & competing groups
skew
1 partner in marriage so dominates as to create a personality disorder
National Mental Health Act of 1946
following WWII, Congress passed bill to provide funds for research, demonstration, training, and assistance for use in methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of mental health disorders
Nathan Ackerman
systems approach, The Psychodynamics of Family Life
Gregory Bateson
studied schizophrenia, communication w/in the family system, theory of double-bind, 2 seemingly contradictory messages may exist on different levels and lead to confusion
double-bind
2 seemingly contradictory messages may exist on different levels and lead to confusion
Don Jackson
established Mental Research Institute (MRI) leading family therapy toward a systems approach, brief therapy established w/ Erickson
Milton Erickson
brief therapy
Carl Whitaker
included spouses & children in therapy, dual therapy (conjoint couple therapy)
Murray Bowen
held family therapy sessions for people w/ schizophrenia
Boszormenyi-Nagi
contextual therapy (healing relationships through trust and commitment, done primarily by developing loyalty, fairness, and reciprocity)
Jay Haley
elaborated on Erickson’s work to create version of strategic family therapy, gave permission to withhold info, used directives, edited Family Process journal
Salvador Minuchin
structural family therapy used w/ urban slum families, Families of the Slums, trained paraprofessionals to use his theory in counseling others of similar background, Families and Family Therapy written as practical guide for conducting structural family therapy
Virginia Satir
props, empathy and touch and nurture, importance of self-esteem, compassion, and congruent expression of feelings, Conjoint Family Therapy
Nathan Ackerman
cofounded Family Process journal devoted to family therapy, Treating the Troubled Family
John Bell
started using group therapy as basis for family therapy, conceptualized family members as strangers who get to know one another in stages, all members 9 and older should be included in all sessions
Murray Bowen
emotional reactivity, undifferentiated family ego mass
emotional reactivity
absorbed in a world of feelings so that maintaining identities & actions become difficult
undifferentiated family ego mass
fused and confused family members can be helped by a counselor being cognitive and detached so that they could establish appropriate language boundaries and avoid projecting or triangulating onto a third person
systems theory
A family is like a system in that all parts are related; when 1 part is affected, all are affected. It is greater than the sum of its parts and is only as strong as its weakest part.
linear causality
direct cause and effect
circular causality
events are related through a series of repeating cycles
family sculpting
arranging family members as a sculpture in the way they act or respond to a significant event
AFTA
American Family Therapy Academy, “think tank” to address issues in family systems therapy
circular questioning
asking questions that highlight differences among family members
triadic questioning
asking a 3rd family member how 2 other members relate
mystification
how some families mask what is going on between family members by giving conflicting and contradictory explanations of events
feminist family therapy
questioning how gender hierarchy impacts the family as a system
Rachel Hare-Mustin
“A Feminist Approach to Family Therapy” published in “Family Process” accused family therapy of being discriminatory against women b/c of the unequal power structure and gender roles w/in status quo families
multisystemic therapy
(MST) intensive family- and community- based treatment for working with serious antisocial behaviors of children and adolescents, derived from pragmatic family therapies, behavioral parent training, and CBT
Women’s Project in Family Therapy
emphasized absence of gender in formation of systems theory
Division of Family Psychology 43
created within APA so that family practitioners could maintain identity as psychologists
International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors
(IAMFC) enhance marriage and family through educational programs, research, conferences, interprofessional contacts, and removal of barriers, promote ethical practices, set high-quality training standards
reflecting team approach
Anderson, democratic and collaborative model of working w/ couples and families in which clinical observers of a session come out from behind a one-way-mirror observing room to discuss impressions w/ therapist and clients
therapeutic conversations model
Anderson & Goolishian, postmodern approach in which the family therapist relates to couple/family in egalitarian relationship
psychoeducational model
Anderson, for working w/ families w/ schizophrenic member, teaches families about multiple aspects of mental illness in a day-long “Survival Skills Workshop” focusing on boundaries, hierarchy, and maintaining integrity of subsystems
internal family systems model
Schwartz, considers both individual intrapsychic dynamics and family systems
social constructionism
philosophy that our experiences are a function of how we think about them, not objective entities
Basic Family Therapy Skills Project
focused on determining, defining, and testing skills essential for beginning family therapists to master for effective therapy practice
new epistemology
the cybernetic approach of Bateson & others must be incorporated in its truest sense into family therapy, emphasizes second-order cybernetics and ontology
second-order cybernetics
the cybernetics of cybernetics, emphasizes positive feedback in system transformation
ontology
worldview that stresses circularity and autonomy of systems
US vs. Windsor
sect. 3 of Defense of Marriage Act unconstitutional, lifts restriction placed on federal definition of “spouse”
Hollingsworth vs. Perry
sponsors of Prop. 8 were wrong, lifted ban on same-sex marriages
