Family Systems Final Flashcards
psychodynamic theory/therapy
conceptual & comprehensive historical, social, & childhood experiences long-term, costly founders trained psychoanalysts unconscious processes w/in families objects (significant others in one's life) focus on individuals w/in the family therapist as "good enough mother" transference dream analysis confrontation life history complementarity defense mechanisms genogram
Bowen Family Therapy
family patterns likely to repeat genogram uncontrolled anxiety results in triangulation individual/couple is unit of treatment couples must relate at cognitive (not emotional) level going home again detriangulation diffferentiation of self
Experiential Family Therapy
Satir, Whitaker, Greenberg, Napier problems come from: -suppression of feelings -rigidity -denial of impulses -lack of awareness -emotional deadness -overuse of defense mechanisms personality of therapist goal of therapy: -awareness of needs & feelings -growth -win battles for structure & initiative treatment present-focused and short in duration
Satir
Experiential Family Therapy metaphorical and concrete techniques modeling/teaching communication skills sculpting choreography humor touch props reconstruction 3 stages of therapy: 1. making contact 2. chaos 3. integration
Whitaker
Experiential Family Therapy redefine symptoms as efforts for growth model fantasy alternatives to real-life stress separate interpersonal stress & intrapersonal stress add practical bits of intervention augment despair of a family member promote affective confrontation treat children as children, not peers 3 stages of therapy: 1. engagement 2. involvement 3. disentanglement
Behavioral/Cognitive-Behavior Family Therapy
Datillo, Gottman, Beck, Mischel, Epstein
not everyone in family needs treatment for change
cognitions R rational or irrational & can be modified
behavioral parent training
functional family therapy
behavioral treatment of sexual dysfunctions
short-term treatment
rejection of medical model
Behavioral Family Therapy
focus on parent training, interpersonal family function, sexual dysfunctions
emphasize dyadic interactions
bring about behavioral changes by modifying antecedents or consequences of an action
eliminate undesirable behavior, accelerate positive behavior
present problem recurring
teach social skills
promote competence
foster understanding of dynamics of behavior
little to no focus on emotion
Cognitive Behavioral Family Therapy
modify irrational/unproductive beliefs & behaviors operant & classical conditioning social learning theory education communication problem-solving strategies contracting systematic desensitization thought-stopping emotion is a result of thoughts
AIM
Anatomy of Intervention Model (CBFT) 1. introduction 2. assessment 3. motivation 4. behavior change 5. termination
Structural Family Therapy
Minuchin, Aponte, Montalvo
understanding nature & interplay of roles, rules, and
power structure in the family
address dysfunctional sets (family reactions to stress)
joining-tracking, mimesis, confirmation, accommodation
disequilibrium techniques-reframing, punctuation,
unbalancing, enactment, spontaneous interaction
boundary making
intensity
restructuring
shaping competence
diagnosing
adding cognitive constructions
pragmatic fictions
therapists mentally “map” families
homework
developed for low SES families
straightforward theory & techniques
focuses on symptom removal, reorganizing family
feminists say it promotes gender stereotypes
Strategic Family Therapy
Erickson, Haley, Madanes, Palazzoli (Milan)
short-term, specific, positive
Mental Research Institute (Erickson) 1960’s
problems must be clearly definable
worked w/ symptomatic behaviors
dysfunctional behavior has positive & beneficial basis
MRI therapeutic approach-Haley
Milan systemic family treatment (1st eating disorders)
Techniques:
-reframing
-directives
-paradox
-ordeals
-pretend
-positioning
family changes from competitive to cooperative
tasks/homework assigned
investigate all solutions previously tried
define concrete change & implement change strategy
emphasizes process over content
Milan Systemic Family Therapy
Palazzoli circular view of problem maintenance planned orientation to change symptoms seen as serving a purpose, accepted therapeutic neutrality to avoid therapist being drawn in Techniques: -hypothesizing -positive connotations -circular questioning -invariant and variant prescriptions to disrupt dirty games -rituals therapist is nonblaming, neutral stresses positive, gives directives family gives up outdated ideas breaks up vicious cycles of interaction; replaces with virtuous cycles short-term, positive
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
deShazer, O’Hanlon, Erickson, Insoo Kim Berg,
Michele Weiner-Davis
built on philosophy of social constructionism (reality is
subjective)
“stuck” families must break out of repetitive/problematic
behavior patterns
highlight exceptions to problem
emphasize present, no attention paid to history
family as ally who want to change
only small amount of change is necessary
Techniques:
-cocreate problem w/family
-hypothetical questions; “miracle question”
-focus on exceptions
-scaling
-promote 2nd order (qualitative) change
-use compliments
-provide clues
-skeleton keys
Families are either visitors, complainants, or customers
Ericksonian position-change is inevitable
short in duration (around 5-6 sessions)
Narrative Family Therapy
White, Epston
emphasizes stories
empower clients to find novel options/strategies by
“reauthoring” their lives
problems externalized, attacked by family as team
nonsystemic
emphasizes present
therapist collaborates w/family
Techniques:
-externalizing the problem
-examining influence of the problem on the person and the person on the problem
-raise dilemmas to lower resistance
-predict setbacks to lower resistance
-use questions (exceptions and significance)
-write letters
-celebrate successes w/ parties & certificates
Stages of Therapy:
1. deconstruct dominant cultural narrative
2. externalize the probelm
3. reauthor the story
4 Common Curative Elements
40% extratherapeutic factors
30% therapy relationship
15% hope for change
15% theory & techniques
