History of Evolution

Question 1

also a doctor and a prominent scholar who was already thinking about evolution

Answer 1

Erasmus Darwin

Question 2

is one of the most influential texts of this century

Answer 2

Origin of species

Question 3

generally characterized as the attempt to establish religious truths by rational argument and without reliance upon alleged revelations

Answer 3

Natural Theology

Question 4

Darwin’s Botany professor at Christ’s College (Divinity School), Cambridge University

Answer 4

Reverend John Henslow (1796-1861)

Question 5

a ship sent by British Navy to chart coastline of South America

Answer 5

HMS Beage

Question 5

John Henslow made arrangements for him to take ______ _____ geology course

Answer 5

Adam Sedgwick

Question 5

Persuade darwin to study geology

Answer 5

John Henslow

Question 6

Location where Darwin made a major find of fossil bones of huge extinct mammals in cliffs beside modern seashells, indicating recent extinction with no signs of change in climate or
catastrophe

Answer 6

Punta Alta in Patagonia

Question 7

• Archipelago of volcanic islands distributed around the equator in the Pacific Ocean
• 972 km (525 nmi) west of continental Ecuador

Answer 7

Galapagos Islands

Question 8

In Galapagos islands darwin concluded that populations ……

Answer 8

• descended from a common ancestor
• ultimately concluded that they had evolved and were evolving

Question 9

the San Cristóbal Mockingbird

Answer 9

Mimus melanotis

Question 10

Financed Darwin

Answer 10

Emma Wedgewood

Question 10

Significance of HMS Beagle Voyage

Answer 10

• Amassed collections to study later
• Exposed Darwin to geological formations, fossils embedded in strata
• Exposure to animal diversity, related populations within species living in different habitats

Question 11

Discovery that earth is more than 6,000 years old Fossil Record showed change in species over time

Answer 11

Developments in Geology

Question 11

Influences on Darwin

Answer 11

• Geology
• Lamarck’s
• Malthus

Question 12

Darwin had Lyell’s Principles of Geology on board the HMS Beagle

Answer 12

Geology

Question 13

Concept of Adaptation, Inheritance of acquired characteristics

Answer 13

Lamarck’s (1744-1829)

Question 14

Competition within species
and the struggle for survival

Answer 14

Malthus (1766-1834)

Question 15

“Professor of Worms and Insects” in Paris

Answer 15

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Question 16

• Based on his work in the Malay Archipelago
• He also studied populations on different islands and came to the same conclusion as Darwin

Answer 16

Alfred Russel Wallace

Question 17

Father of Biogeography… focused on adaptation to the environment

Answer 17

Alfred Russel Wallace

Question 18

Darwins main point in origin of species

Answer 18

• Gradualism
• Natural selection
• Organism Evolve (Evolution)
• Population speciation
• Common descent

Question 19

species arise from common ancestors, in a tree-like branching process

Answer 19

Common Descent

Question 20

changes are gradual

Answer 20

Gradualism

Question 21

change in proportions of individuals having a trait in a population

Answer 21

Population speciation

Question 22

one species turns into another

Answer 22

Transmutation of Species

Question 23

Presented a mechanism for how traits got passed on “Individuals pass alleles on to their offspring intact”

Answer 23

Mendel

Question 24

Discovers mendel's work as they are publishing their own

Answer 24

Hugo de Vries Carl Correns Erich von Tschemark-Seysenegg

Question 25

Controversy is between who?

Answer 25

- Mutationist (Mendelianism) - Darwinists

Question 26

thought that evolution required only mutations and passing on of discrete traits

Answer 26

Mutationists

Question 27

thought that evolution required only Natural Selection on continuous variation

Answer 27

Darwinists

Question 28

- a trait that has distinct values, - rather than a range of phenotypes, usually encoded by one or a few genes

Answer 28

Discrete trait

Question 29

- a trait that has a continuum of phenotypes - encoded by multiple genes.

Answer 29

Quantitative (continuous) trait

Question 30

Proponents of mutationists/mendelist theory

Answer 30

- Hugo de Vries - Thomas Hunt Morgan

Question 31

among those who “discovered” Mendel’s 1900 paper

Answer 31

Hugo de Vries

Question 32

founder of Drosophila genetics

Answer 32

Thomas Hunt Morgan

Question 33

Problems to resolve

Answer 33

- Whether macroevolution could be explained by microevolution

Question 34

Causes of such problems

Answer 34

- Binary thinking - Inability to see overarching mechanism

Question 35

Produced the data to support genetic drift

Answer 35

1921, A.C. Hagedoorn

Question 36

Also called the “Synthesis of Evolution and Genetics"

Answer 36

The Modern Synthesis

Question 37

WHat year is Modern synthesis

Answer 37

1930s - 1940s

Question 38

Three architects of evolutionary synthesis

Answer 38

- George Gaylord Simpsons - G. Ladyard stebbins - Thedosius Dobzhansky

Question 39

Importance of Evolutionary Synthesis

Answer 39

many scientists from different fields convened to discuss the evolutionary mechanisms and clear up confusion and inconsistencies

Question 40

Key tenets of the modern synthesis

Answer 40

- Population are units ofe evolution - Mendel vs Darwin - Mutation vs Selection

Question 41

continuous traits are also coded by particulate genes, but many genes

Answer 41

Mendel vs Darwin

Question 42

Mutations are sources of genetic variation upon which Selection acts

Answer 42

Mutation vs Selection