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BIO106 - Evol Bio (Ivan) > History of Evolution > Flashcards

History of Evolution Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

also a doctor and a prominent scholar who was already thinking about evolution

A

Erasmus Darwin

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2
Q

is one of the most influential texts of this century

A

Origin of species

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3
Q

generally characterized as the attempt to establish religious truths by rational argument and without reliance upon alleged revelations

A

Natural Theology

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4
Q

Darwin’s Botany professor at Christ’s College (Divinity School), Cambridge University

A

Reverend John Henslow (1796-1861)

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5
Q

a ship sent by British Navy to chart coastline of South America

A

HMS Beage

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5
Q

John Henslow made arrangements for him to take ______ _____ geology course

A

Adam Sedgwick

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5
Q

Persuade darwin to study geology

A

John Henslow

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6
Q

Location where Darwin made a major find of fossil bones of huge extinct mammals in cliffs beside modern seashells, indicating recent extinction with no signs of change in climate or
catastrophe

A

Punta Alta in Patagonia

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7
Q
  • Archipelago of volcanic islands distributed around the equator in the Pacific Ocean
  • 972 km (525 nmi) west of continental Ecuador
A

Galapagos Islands

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8
Q

In Galapagos islands darwin concluded that populations ……

A
  • descended from a common ancestor
  • ultimately concluded that they had evolved and were evolving
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9
Q

the San Cristóbal Mockingbird

A

Mimus melanotis

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10
Q

Financed Darwin

A

Emma Wedgewood

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10
Q

Significance of HMS Beagle Voyage

A
  • Amassed collections to study later
  • Exposed Darwin to geological formations, fossils embedded in strata
  • Exposure to animal diversity, related populations within species living in different habitats
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11
Q

Discovery that earth is more than 6,000 years old Fossil Record showed change in species over time

A

Developments in Geology

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11
Q

Influences on Darwin

A
  • Geology
  • Lamarck’s
  • Malthus
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12
Q

Darwin had Lyell’s Principles of Geology on board the HMS Beagle

A

Geology

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13
Q

Concept of Adaptation, Inheritance of acquired characteristics

A

Lamarck’s (1744-1829)

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14
Q

Competition within species
and the struggle for survival

A

Malthus (1766-1834)

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15
Q

“Professor of Worms and Insects” in Paris

A

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

16
Q
  • Based on his work in the Malay Archipelago
  • He also studied populations on different islands and came to the same conclusion as Darwin
A

Alfred Russel Wallace

17
Q

Father of Biogeography… focused on adaptation to the environment

A

Alfred Russel Wallace

18
Q

Darwins main point in origin of species

A
  • Gradualism
  • Natural selection
  • Organism Evolve (Evolution)
  • Population speciation
  • Common descent
19
Q

species arise from common ancestors, in a tree-like branching process

A

Common Descent

20
Q

changes are gradual

A

Gradualism

21
Q

change in proportions of individuals having a trait in a population

A

Population speciation

22
Q

one species turns into another

A

Transmutation of Species

23
Q

Presented a mechanism for how traits got passed on “Individuals pass alleles on to their offspring intact”

A

Mendel

24
Q

Discovers mendel’s work as they are publishing their own

A

Hugo de Vries
Carl Correns
Erich von Tschemark-Seysenegg

25
Q

Controversy is between who?

A
  • Mutationist (Mendelianism)
  • Darwinists
26
Q

thought that evolution required only mutations and passing on of discrete traits

A

Mutationists

27
Q

thought that evolution required only Natural Selection on continuous variation

A

Darwinists

28
Q
  • a trait that has distinct values,
  • rather than a range of phenotypes, usually
    encoded by one or a few genes
A

Discrete trait

29
Q
  • a trait that has a continuum of phenotypes
  • encoded by multiple genes.
A

Quantitative (continuous) trait

30
Q

Proponents of mutationists/mendelist theory

A
  • Hugo de Vries
  • Thomas Hunt Morgan
31
Q

among those who “discovered” Mendel’s 1900 paper

A

Hugo de Vries

32
Q

founder of Drosophila genetics

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan

33
Q

Problems to resolve

A
  • Whether macroevolution could be explained by microevolution
34
Q

Causes of such problems

A
  • Binary thinking
  • Inability to see overarching mechanism
35
Q

Produced the data to support genetic drift

A

1921, A.C. Hagedoorn

36
Q

Also called the “Synthesis of Evolution and Genetics”

A

The Modern Synthesis

37
Q

WHat year is Modern synthesis

A

1930s - 1940s

38
Q

Three architects of evolutionary synthesis

A
  • George Gaylord Simpsons
  • G. Ladyard stebbins
  • Thedosius Dobzhansky
39
Q

Importance of Evolutionary Synthesis

A

many scientists from different fields convened to discuss the evolutionary mechanisms and clear up confusion and inconsistencies

40
Q

Key tenets of the modern synthesis

A
  • Population are units ofe evolution
  • Mendel vs Darwin
  • Mutation vs Selection
41
Q

continuous traits are also coded by particulate genes, but many genes

A

Mendel vs Darwin

42
Q

Mutations are sources of genetic variation upon which Selection acts

A

Mutation vs Selection

BIO106 - Evol Bio (Ivan) (5 decks)

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