History of Evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Define evolution

A

Heritable change in one or more characteristics of a population or species from one generation to the next.

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2
Q

Define microevolution

A

Changes in a single gene in a population over time

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3
Q

Define macroevolution

A

Formation of new species or groups of species

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4
Q

Define species

A

A group of related organisms that share a distinctive form

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5
Q

Define population

A

Members of the same species that are likely to encounter each other and thus have the opportunity to interbreed.

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6
Q

Define Empirical thought

A

Relies on observation to form an idea/hypothesis, rather than trying to understand life from a non-physical or spiritual pov.

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7
Q

What happened in the 1600s?

A

A shift toward empirical thought

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8
Q

What did John Ray do in the mid to late 1600s?
(not necessary)

A
  • developed an early classification system
  • described the modern species
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9
Q

What did Carolus Linnaeus do in 1735?
(not necessary)

A
  • extended + improved the classification of species
  • notable for his classification of plants
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10
Q

What did European scientists suggest during the late 1700s?
(not necessary)

A

Life forms are not fixed, they can change over time.

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11
Q

What did George Buffon say?
(not necessary)

A

Life forms change over time

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12
Q

What did Jean-Baptiste Lamarck realise?
(not necessary)

A
  • living things evolved upward toward human ‘perfection’
  • inheritance of acquired characteristics
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13
Q

Which theory did Darwin formulate?

A

theory of evolution (mid-1840s)

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14
Q

What were Darwin’s observations while on the Galapagos Islands?

A
  • finches on different islands with differing food types had different beak types
  • birds couldn’t move to other islands so populations couldn’t mix
  • beak shape changed in response to feeding requirements + changes were passed to future generations
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15
Q

What did Darwin say evolution is based on?

A
  • Variation (within a given species)
  • Natural selection
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16
Q
A