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History for Certamen > History of Empire > Flashcards

History of Empire Flashcards

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1
Q

when was the empire?

A

27 BC - AD 476

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2
Q

when does the empire begin?

A

January 16, 27 BC

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3
Q

how does the empire begin?

A

when Octavian returns power to Senate, they name him Augustus

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4
Q

what provinces are given to Augustus after he returns power to the Senate?

A

Egypt, Gaul, and Syria

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5
Q

when is Augustus emperor?

A

27 BC to AD 14

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6
Q

who did Augustus marry?

A

first Scribonia, then Livia

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7
Q

who was the child of Augustus and Scribonia?

A

daughter Julia

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8
Q

what did Augustus set up?

A

good administration

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9
Q

what is often said of Augustus’ rule?

A

he ‘Found Rome brick and left it marble’

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10
Q

what happens in AD 9?

A

Varus loses 3 legions in Germany because of Teutoberg Forest

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11
Q

when was Teutoberg Forest?

A

AD 9

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12
Q

who fought at Teutoberg Forest?

A

Varus vs. Arminius

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13
Q

what is Arminius also known as?

A

Herman the German

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14
Q

when did Tiberius rule?

A

AD 14 to AD 37

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15
Q

who was the first emperor?

A

Augustus

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16
Q

who was the first Julio-Claudian emperor?

A

Augustus

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17
Q

who was the second Julio-Claudian emperor?

A

Tiberius

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18
Q

who was the third Julio-Claudian emperor?

A

Caligula

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19
Q

who was the fourth Julio-Claudian emperor?

A

Claudius

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20
Q

who was the fifth Julio-Claudian emperor?

A

Nero

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21
Q

when did Caligula rule?

A

AD 37 to AD 41

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22
Q

when did Claudius rule?

A

AD 41 to AD 54

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23
Q

when did Nero rule?

A

AD 54 to AD 68

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24
Q

who was Tiberius the son of?

A

Livia

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25
Q

who did Tiberius marry?

A

Augustus’ daughter Julia

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26
Q

who is Tiberius the uncle of?

A

Germanicus

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27
Q

where was Tiberius in exile first to?

A

Rhodes

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28
Q

where did Tiberius retire?

A

Capri

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29
Q

what does Caligula mean?

A

Little boots

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30
Q

what is Caligula’s real name?

A

Gaius Julius Caesar

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31
Q

who is Caligula’s dad?

A

Germanicus

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32
Q

how did Caligula die?

A

killed by Praetorian Guard

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33
Q

where did Germanicus keep Caligula?

A

army camp

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34
Q

when was Claudius emperor?

A

AD 41 - AD 54

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35
Q

who was the brother of Germanicus?

A

Claudius

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36
Q

how did Claudius become emperor?

A

he was chosen by the Praetorian Guard

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37
Q

what was unique about Claudius?

A

he had a limp and a tic and pretended to be stupid

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38
Q

what did Claudius conquer?

A

Britain

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39
Q

who did Claudius marry?

A

Messalina and Agrippina the Younger

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40
Q

how were Claudius and Agrippina the Younger related?

A

they got married, and she was his niece

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41
Q

who were Claudius’ kids?

A

Britannicus and Octavia with Messalina,

Nero (stepson) with Agrippina the Younger

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42
Q

when did Nero rule?

A

AD 54 - AD 68

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43
Q

what’s Nero’s real name?

A

Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus

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44
Q

who did Nero marry?

A

Claudius’ daughter Octavia

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45
Q

when did Claudius become emperor?

A

around 16

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46
Q

who were Nero’s tutors?

A

Seneca (stoic philosopher) and Burrus (military man)

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47
Q

when was the Great Fire?

A

AD 64

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48
Q

what enabled Nero to build the Domus Aurea?

A

the great fire

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49
Q

who did Nero blame for the great fire?

A

Christians

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50
Q

how did Nero die?

A

suicide

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51
Q

who built the Domus Aurea?

A

Nero

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52
Q

who revolted against Nero?

A

Queen Boudicca in Britain

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53
Q

what emperors made up the Civil War emperors?

A

Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian

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54
Q

what emperors made up the Julio-Claudian emperors?

A

Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero

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55
Q

how many Julio-Claudian emperors were there?

A

5

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56
Q

how many Civil War emperors were there?

A

4

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57
Q

when was Galba emperor?

A

AD 68-69

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58
Q

when was Otho emperor?

A

AD 69

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59
Q

when was Vitellius emperor?

A

AD 69

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60
Q

when was Vespasian emperor?

A

AD 69-79

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61
Q

who were the emperors in 69 AD?

A

Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian

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62
Q

who named Otho princeps?

A

praetorian guard in rome

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63
Q

who named Vitellius princeps?

A

armies in Lower Rhine

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64
Q

what was Lower Rhine?

A

Germany

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65
Q

where did Vitellius defeat Otho?

A

Cremo

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66
Q

who named Vespasian princeps?

A

armies in Near East

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67
Q

who backed Galba against Nero?

A

Julius Vindex, governor of Gallia

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68
Q

who were the Flavian Emperors?

A

Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian

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69
Q

when was Titus emperor?

A

AD 79 -81

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70
Q

when was Domitian emperor?

A

AD 81 - 96

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71
Q

who were Vespasian’s sons?

A

Titus and Domitian

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72
Q

who captured Jerusalem in AD 70?

A

Titus

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73
Q

what did Titus build in Jerusalem?

A

a triumphal arch

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74
Q

who started building the Colosseum?

A

Vespasian

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75
Q

when did the building of the Colosseum begin?

A

AD 72

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76
Q

who taxed toilets?

A

Vespasian

77
Q

when did Mt. Vesuvius erupt?

A

August 24, AD 79

78
Q

what cities did Mt. Vesuvius destroy?

A

Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Stabiae

79
Q

who dedicated the Colosseum?

A

Titus

80
Q

when was the Colosseum dedicated?

A

AD 80

81
Q

what was Domitian called?

A

“dominus et deus”

82
Q

what was Domitian known for?

A

Being cruel

83
Q

who were the Five Good Emperors?

A

Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius

84
Q

who was the first of the Five Good Emperors?

A

Nerva

85
Q

who was the second of the Five Good Emperors?

A

Trajan

86
Q

who was the third of the Five Good Emperors?

A

Hadrian

87
Q

who was the fourth of the Five Good Emperors?

A

Antoninus Pius

88
Q

who was the fifth of the Five Good Emperors?

A

Marcus Aurelius

89
Q

when did Nerva rule?

A

AD 96 - 98

90
Q

when did Trajan rule?

A

AD 98 - 117

91
Q

when did Hadrian rule?

A

AD 117 - 138

92
Q

when did Antoninus Pius rule?

A

AD 138 - 161

93
Q

when did Marcus Aurelius rule?

A

AD 161 - 180

94
Q

what was Nerva before becoming emperor?

A

elderly senator

95
Q

who did Nerva adopt?

A

Trajan

96
Q

who is Trajan’s adopted dad?

A

Nerva

97
Q

who did Trajan fight?

A

Dacia

98
Q

what did Trajan do to commemorate his fight against Dacia?

A

he built a column

99
Q

who was emperor when the Roman Empire was at its largest extent?

A

Trajan

100
Q

when was the Roman Empire at its largest extent?

A

117

101
Q

who did Trajan adopt?

A

Hadrian

102
Q

where was Trajan born?

A

Spain

103
Q

who was Hadrian’s adopted dad?

A

Trajan

104
Q

what did Hadrian love?

A

travel, architecture, and Greek things

105
Q

what did Hadrian reduce Italy to?

A

an imperial province

106
Q

which emperor reduced Italy to an imperial province?

A

Hadrian

107
Q

which emperor built a wall between Britain and Scotland?

A

Hadrian

108
Q

who did Hadrian adopt?

A

Antoninus Pius

109
Q

which emperor celebrated the 900th anniversary of Rome?

A

Antoninus Pius

110
Q

who did Antoninus Pius adopt?

A

M. Aurelius and L. Verus to be co-emperors

111
Q

who did Marcus Aurelius co-rule with?

A

Verus

112
Q

when did Marcus Aurelius co-rule with Verus?

A

AD 161-169

113
Q

what was Marcus Aurelius?

A

stoic philosopher

114
Q

when was Commodus emperor?

A

AD 180 - 192

115
Q

when was Pertinax emperor?

A

AD 193

116
Q

when was Didius Julianus emperor?

A

AD 193

117
Q

who did Commodus dress like?

A

Hercules

118
Q

who was Commodus?

A

the cruel son of Marcus Aurelius

119
Q

what three emperors were between the five good emperors and the Severan dynasty?

A

Commodus, Pertinax, and Didius Julianus

120
Q

how did Didius Julianus become emperor?

A

he bought the Empire at auction, beating out Sulpicianus

121
Q

who was Sulpicianus?

A

the father-in-law of Pertinax

122
Q

when was the Severan dynasty?

A

AD 193 - 235

123
Q

when did Septimius Severus rule?

A

AD 193 - 211

124
Q

what emperors were in the Severan dynasty?

A

Septimius Severus, Caracalla, Macrinus, Elagabalus, and Severus Alexander

125
Q

who was the first emperor of the Severan Dynasty?

A

Septimius Severus

126
Q

who was the second emperor of the Severan Dynasty?

A

Caracalla

127
Q

who was the third emperor of the Severan Dynasty?

A

Macrinus

128
Q

who was the fourth emperor of the Severan Dynasty?

A

Elagabalus

129
Q

who was the fifth emperor of the Severan Dynasty?

A

Severus Alexander

130
Q

when was Caracalla emperor?

A

AD 211 - 217

131
Q

when was Macrinus emperor?

A

AD 217-218

132
Q

when was Elagabalus emperor?

A

AD 218-222

133
Q

when was Severus Alexander emperor?

A

AD 222-235

134
Q

where was Septimius Severus?

A

Lepcis Magna

135
Q

what is modern-day Lepcis Magna?

A

Libya

136
Q

who was Septimius Severus’ wife?

A

Julia Domna

137
Q

where did Septimius Severus march on Rome from?

A

his post in Pannonia

138
Q

who made claims to the title of emperor against Septimius Severus?

A

both Clodius Albinus and Pescennius Niger, but they were both defeated by 197

139
Q

who was Caracalla’s co-emperor?

A

his brother, Geta, who he killed in 212

140
Q

when was the Constitutio Antoniniana passed?

A

212

141
Q

what did the Constitutio Antoniniana do?

A

gave citizenship to all free men in the Empire

142
Q

who killed Caracalla?

A

Macrinus

143
Q

what was Macrinus before becoming emperor?

A

Prefect of Praetorian Guard

144
Q

what was Elagabalus named for?

A

a Syrian god

145
Q

what was Elagabalus’ real name?

A

Bassianus

146
Q

how old was Severus Alexander when he became emperor?

A

when he was 13

147
Q

why did Severus Alexander have his grandmother as his regent, and then his mother, (along with a 16 member council) to help him rule?

A

because he was only 13 when he became emperor

148
Q

who was Severus Alexander’s grandma?

A

Julia Maesa

149
Q

who was Severus Alexander’s mom?

A

Julia Mamaea

150
Q

who are referred to as the Barracks Emperors?

A

the emperors of the next 50 or so years after the end of the Severan dynasty

151
Q

who was the first of the Barracks Emperors?

A

Valerian

152
Q

who was the last emperor in the west?

A

Romulus Augustulus

153
Q

when did Odoacer become king of Italy?

A

AD 476

154
Q

who captured Valerian?

A

Shapur I

155
Q

when was Valerian captured?

A

AD 260

156
Q

who was the wife of Odenathus?

A

Zenobia

157
Q

how did Zenobia become queen of Palmyra?

A

at the death of her husband

158
Q

when did Zenobia become queen of Palmyra?

A

AD 268

159
Q

who captured Zenobia and her son Vabalathus?

A

Aurelian

160
Q

who was Zenobia’s son?

A

Vabalathus

161
Q

when/where were queen Zenobia and her son captured?

A

Battle of Palmyra in AD 273

162
Q

what title is Aurelian given?

A

Restitutor Orbis – restorer of the world (clearly not one of the barracks emperors)

163
Q

when was Diocletian emperor?

A

AD 284 – 305

164
Q

when was the end of the barracks emperors?

A

Diocletian

165
Q

when was the first roman tetrarchy?

A

during Diocletian’s rule

166
Q

what is a tetrarchy?

A

4 man rule

167
Q

who made up the first tetrarchy?

A

Diocletian, Maximianus, Galerius and Constantius

168
Q

who were the Augusti in the first tetrarchy?

A

Diocletian and Maximianus

169
Q

who were the Caesars in the first tetrarchy?

A

Galerius and Constantius

170
Q

when was Constantine emperor?

A

AD 312 - 337

171
Q

when did Romulus Augustulus become emperor?

A

AD 476

172
Q

who was Aetius?

A

Roman general (later emperor) who stopped Attila the Hun in AD 451 in the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains

173
Q

when/where was Attila the Hun stopped?

A

AD 451 in the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains

174
Q

who stopped Attila the Hun?

A

Aetius

175
Q

who was Alaric?

A

Visigoth who sacked Rome in AD 410

176
Q

Who was Valens defeated by?

A

Goths

177
Q

when/where was Valens defeated?

A

Battle of Adrianople in AD 378

178
Q

what was Julian called?

A

the Apostate

179
Q

when was the Edict of Toleration passed?

A

AD 362

180
Q

who was emperor when the Edict of Toleration was passed?

A

Julian (the Apostate)

181
Q

what did the Edict of Toleration order?

A

reopening of pagan temples and recalling of exiled Christian Bishops

182
Q

who did Constantine beat at Milvian Bridge in AD 312?

A

Maxentius

183
Q

how did Constantine defeat Maxentius at Milvian Bridge AD 312?

A

he saw a vision – in hoc signo vinces

184
Q

what did the Edict of Milan do?

A

made Christianity legal

185
Q

when was the Edict of Milan passed?

A

AD 313

186
Q

who was emperor when the Edict of Milan was passed?

A

Constantine

187
Q

what religion did Constantine join at his deathbed?

A

Christianity

188
Q

where did Constantine build and move the capital to?

A

Constantinople (Byzantium, now called Istanbul)

History for Certamen (2 decks)

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