Hardcastle Republic Notes Flashcards
who are the sons of Mars and Rhea Silvia?
twin brothers Romulus and Remus
who was Rhea Silvia the daughter of?
Numitor
what is a she-wolf?
lupa
who is Amulius?
Numitor’s brother who steals the throne
who raises Romulus and Remus?
Faustulus, the shephard
what hill did Romulus settle?
the Palatine hill
who created the Senate?
Romulus
who was king during the Rape of the Sabines?
Romulus
who fought against Sabine hero Mettius Curtius?
roman hero Hostius Hostilius
who is the grandfather of Tullus Hostilius?
Hostius Hostilius
who broke up the fighting in the rape of the sabines?
Sabine Hersilia
who becomes Romulus’ wife?
Sabine Hersilia
when do Romulus and Titus Tatius co-rule?
after peace is settled from the Rape of the Sabines
who is Romulus’ co-ruler?
Titus tatius
who won the first spolia opima?
Romulus
who was Romulus said to have been seen ascended to the heavens by?
Julius Proculus
what was Romulus’ deified name?
Quirinus
who did Romulus dedicate the spolia opima to?
Julius Feretrius
who did Romulus defeat to win the spolia opima?
Acron of Caenina
which king organized religious life in the community?
Numa Pompilius
who established the pontifex maximus?
Numa Pompilius
who established the temple of janus?
Numa Pompilius
who was Numa Pompilius said to have been guided by?
the nymph Egeria
who was the Alban king while Tullus Hostilius was king?
Mettius Fufetius
who was the original king of Alba?
Gaius Cluilius
what happens after the Horatii beat the Curatii?
Mettius Fufetius is then drawn and quartered
who developed the Curia Hostilia?
Tullus Hostilius
how was Tullus Hostilius said to have died?
in a fire in his temple on the Caelian when it was struck by lightning
who is the grandson of numa?
ancus marcius
who founded the seaport of Ostia?
Ancus Marcius
what was the first Roman bridge?
Pons Sublicius
who built the first bridge?
Ancus Marcius
who was the first Etruscan king?
Tarquinius Priscus
who was Tarquinius Priscus’ wife?
Tanaquil
who established the Circus Maximus?
Tarquinius Priscus
who was Tarquinius Priscus said to have been murdered by?
the sons of Ancus Marcius
why did Tanaquil predict Servius Tullius to be king?
by seeing flames around his head, and him not being affected
who was Servius Tullius probably the child of?
the slave Ocrisia
who introduced hoplite tactics for the army?
Servius Tullius
who created the census?
Servius Tullius
who built the Servian wall?
Servius tullius
who established the Cult of Diana on the Aventine hill?
Servius Tullius
who was Servius Tullius said to have been murdered by?
Tarquinius Superbus, at the instigation of Tullia the Younger
who built the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus?
Tarquinius Superbus
what was Rome’s first sewer system?
the Cloaca Maxima
who built the Cloaca Maxima?
Tarquinius Superbus
during whose reign was the infamous rape of Lucretia?
Tarquinius Superbus’ reign
what did the rape of Lucretia provoke?
a conspiracy of nobles under the leadership of L. Iunius Brutus to overthrow Superbus
who decided to try to regain Rome for Superbus?
Lars Porsenna of Clusius (in Etruria)
who defended the Pons Sublicius against Lars Porsenna?
Horatius Cocles (nicknamed “one-eyed”), Spurius Lartius, and Titus Herminius
how did Mucius Scaevola earn the nickname “lefty”?
by thrusting his hand into a fire to demonstrate his bravery to Porsenna when he’s a captive
how does Cloelia become a heroine?
when rescuing captives from Porsenna and helping them across the Tiber River
who are the consuls of 509 BC?
L. Iunius Brutus, Tarquinius Collatinus
who replaces Brutus as consul after his death?
Publius Valerius Publicola
what agnomen did Publius Valerius Publicola receive?
Poplicola (he who lives with the people)
who was the first person to receive a triumph?
Publius Valerius Publicola
when was the Battle of Aricia?
506 BC
how many times was Publius Valerius Publicola a consul?
a total of 4 times
where did Publius Valerius Publicola originally try to build his house? why did he decide to build it elsewhere?
He originally tried to build his house on the top of the Velian hill but decided
to build it at the bottom due to the people’s fear of him trying to become
king
what happened in the Battle of Aricia?
Latin cities were encouraged to seek freedom from the Etruscans, and with the help of Aristodemus of Cumae, they defeated Arruns (Porsenna’s son)
when was the Battle of Lake Regillus?
496 BC
who led the Romans to victory at the Battle of Lake Regillus?
Aulus Postumnius Albinus, dictator at the time of battle
when was the Latin League formed? by whom?
at the Battle of Lake Regillus by the Latins, who had helped the Romans at Aricia. They formed a League from which Rome was excluded
who fights with the Latin league against the Romans in the battle of lake Regillus?
Octavius Mamilius, son-in-law of Tarquinius Superbus
who was the dictator at the time of the battle of lake regillus?
Aulus Postumius Albinus
who aided Rome in its victory against the Latin League at the Battle of Lake regullus?
the Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux
when is the Treaty with the Latins concluded?
493 BC
who concludes the Treaty with Latins?
Spurius Cassius
what is the treaty with the Latins called?
the Foedus Cassianum
when was the first secession of the plebs?
494 BC
who persuaded the Plebs to return from the first succession of the plebs?
Menenius Agrippa (consul in 504 BC)
what caused the first secession of the plebeians?
plebs went on a general strike (secessio) so that the patricians would meet their demands
what did Coriolanus receive his cognomen for?
taking the town of Corioli in 493 BC
who dissuaded Coriolanus from attacking rome?
his mother Veturia and his wife Volumnia
who was cut down to the last man in the battle at the Battle of Cremera?
Fabia gens
when was the battle of mt. algidus?
458 BC
where was Cincinnatus called from to become dictator?
his plow
what is cincinnatus’ full name?
L. Quinctius Cincinnatus
why was Cincinnatus called to defeat the aequi?
they had occupied the mountain Algidus
when were the twelve tables written?
451-450 BC
what was the first written code of law?
twelve tables
who were the twelve tables first voiced by? when?
the tribune Terentilius Harsa in 462 BC
who were appointed to draft the laws for the twelve tables?
ten commissioners (decemviri)
who was the only member of the decemviri to serve on both commissions?
Appius Claudius
who was Verginia said to have been killed by? why?
her own father (Verginius) to save her from Appius’ lust for her
who passed the Valerio-Horation laws?
consuls L. Valerius Potitus and M. Horatius Barbatus
what did the Valerio-Horation laws concern?
plebiscita, provocatio, and sacrosanctitas
when was the Lex Canuleia passed?
445 BC
what did the Lex Canueleia allow?
intermarriage between plebeians and patricians
who was the king of the Veians in 426 BC?
Tolumnius
who killed Tolumnius?
A. Cornelius Cossus
when was the siege of Veii?
405-396 BC
who led the siege of Veii?
M. Furius Camillus
who led the Gauls in an attack against Rome at the Battle of Allia River?
Senonian chieftain Brennus
who awoke on the capitol from the alarm of the sacred geese of Juno?
M. Manlius Capitolinus
who is the called the “Pater Patriae” and “Second Founder of Rome”?
Camillus
when was the Lex Licinia Sextia passed?
367 BC
what did the Lex Licinia Sextia do?
made it so that one of the consuls is plebeian. the law also limited the amount of public land an individual could hold
what was the maximum amount of public land an individual could hold under the Lex Licinia Sextia?
500 iugera (or 300 acres)
who was elected the first plebeian consul for 366
L. Sextius
who was the first plebeian dictator?
C. Marcius Rutilius
who was the first plebeian dictator?
Q. Publilius Philo
when was the Lex Genucia passed?
342 BC
what did the Lex Genucia do?
prohibited loans and usury
when was the lex poetelia passed?
326/313 BC
what did the lex poetelia do?
abolished the nexum and ceased men from being imprisoned for debt
what does caecus mean?
one-eyed
when was Appius Claudius Caecus censor?
312 BC
who built the famous roman aqueduct (aqua appia)?
Appius Claudius Caecus
what is the oldest roman road?
Via Appia
who built the Via Appia?
Appius Claudius Caecus
when was the Lex Ogulnia built?
300 BC
what did the Lex Ogulnia do?
gives plebeians access to the priesthood
when was the Lex Hortensia passed?
287 BC
what did the Lex Hortensia do?
legalized the plebiscita and made it binding on all citizens
what did M. Valerius Corvus do?
in 348 defeated a Gallic opponent with the help of a raven, landing on his opponent’s helmet
when was the Great Latin War?
340-338 BC
where did the Romans and Samnites defeat the combined forces of Latins and Campanians?
near Suessa Aurunca in 340 BC
how many Decii sacrificed themselves in battle? when/where did they do it?
- the first one was at the battle of Mt. Vesuvius (340) and he sacrificed himself to win the victory over the Latins. the second one was during the more famous Sentinum (295). the third one was at Asculum (279)
what is sacrifice in battle called?
devotio
when was the second samnite war?
326-304 BC
who lays siege to Neopolis?
Publilius Philo
when was the battle of Caudine forks?
321 BC
what happened in the battle of Caudine forks?
roman disaster in which the Samnite chieftain Gavius Pontius forced Romans (led by Ti. Veturius Calvinus and Sp. Postumius Albinus) to pass under the yoke, as an act of humiliation
who was Gavius Pontius?
a Samnite chieftain who forced the Romans to pass under the yoke at the battle of Caudine forks
when was the battle of lautulae?
315 BC
what happened in the battle of lautulae?
q. Fabius Rullianus
when was the third Samnite war?
298-290 BC
when was the battle of sentinum?
295 BC
who led in the battle of sentinum?
Decius Mus against the Samnite Leader Gellius Egnatius
when was the battle of aquilonia?
293 BC
who led the Romans in the battle of Aquilonia?
L. Papirius Cursor and L. Cornelius Scipio Scapula
who led the Samnites in the battle of aquilonia?
Linen Legions, which are experienced soldiers distinguished by their linen clothing
what was M. Curius Dentatus?
consul of 290 who helps conclude peace with the Samnites in 290 BC
when was the Pyrrhic War?
280-275 BC
who was the first king of Tarentum?
Archidamus of Sparta
who was the second king of Tarentum?
Alexander of Epirus, brother-in-law of Alexander the Great
when was the battle of heraclea?
280 BC
when did Romans encounter elephants for the first time?
battle of heraclea
what battle does the term “pyrrhic victory” come from?
battle of heraclea
what does the term “pyrrhic victory” mean?
an army defeated another army at a high cost
after the battle of Heraclea, who does Pyrrhus conduct negotiations with about the ransom of prisoners?
C. Fabricius
who was Pyrrhus’ agent? what did this agent do?
Cineas. Pyrrhus did his negotiations through him
when was the battle of asculum?
279 BC
why does Pyrrhus go to Sicily for three years?
to help Sicilian allies after the battle of asculum
when was the battle of beneventum?
275 BC
what is the final battle of the Pyrrhic War?
Battle of Beneventum
who defeats Pyrrhus’s army at Beneventum?
Curius Dentatus
when did Pyrrhus die?
272 BC
what establishes a friendship with Rome and Egypt? when?
Amicitia with King Ptolemy II of Egypt in 273 BC
when was the first punic war?
264-241 BC
who were the mamertines?
sons of mars
who were the Mamertines besieged by?
Hiero II of Syracuse
who drove a wedge between Carthage and Syracuse in 264 BC, causing their armies to leave Messana?
Appius Claudius Caudex
when was the siege of Agrigentum?
262 BC
when was the Battle of Mylae?
260 BC
who led the Romans at the battle of Mylae?
C. Duilius
corvus
boarding
bridges attached to Roman ships that enabled troops to board
Carthaginian ships
when was the battle of bagradas valley?
255 BC
who do the Carthaginians hire to aid them in the battle of bagradas valley?
Xanthippus, a Spartan mercenary
who is taken prisoner at the battle of bagradas valley?
Regulus
when was the battle of drepana?
249 BC
who was defeated at the battle of drepana?
consul Claudius Pulcher and his fleet
what did Claudius Pulcher do before the battle of drepana?
threw the “sacred chickens” into the ocean before the battle because they wouldn’t ear, which was a bad omen
who seized Mt. Hercte and Mt. Eryx (both in Sicily)?
Hamilcar Barca
who gained chief command of sicily in 247 for the carthaginians?
Hamilcar Barca
when was the battle of aegates islands?
241 BC
who defeats the Carthaginians at the battle of Aegates Islands?
Roman admiral Lutatius Catulus
in 227 BC, what is added as Rome’s second province?
Sardinia and Corsica
when was the battle of cape telamon?
225 BC
when was the battle of clastidium?
222 BC
what happened in the battle of clastidium?
M. Claudius Marcellus won the third and final spolia
opima by single-handedly defeating the Insubrian chieftain
Virodamarus
who was the consul in 223?
C. Flaminius
who constructed the via flaminia?
C. flaminius
when was the first Illyrian war?
229-228 BC
what happened in the first Illyrian war?
Illyrian pirates under Queen Teuta murdered one of the Roman envoys
who do the Romans fight against in the second Illyrian war?
the Greek Demetrius of Pharos
when was the second Illyrian War?
220-219 BC
when was the second punic war?
218-201 BC
what enabled Carthage to quickly make up for the recent war losses after the first punic war?
Spain’s rich silver mines
who continued Hamilar’s successes in Spain?
his son-in-law Hasdrubal (228-221) and Hannibal (221-218)
what Spanish base did Hasdrubal establish?
Carthago Nova (New Carthage, modern Cartagena)
when was the Ebro treaty passed?
226 BC
who was the Ebro treaty conducted between?
rome and carthage
when was the siege of saguntum?
219 BC
what was the casus belli of the Second Punic War?
siege of saguntum
who went against hannibal?
Hanno of Carthage
when was the battle of Ticinus river?
218 BC
who does hannibal defeat at the battle of ticinus river?
P. Cornelius Scipio (elder)
when was the battle of trebia river?
218 BC
when was the battle of lake trasimene?
217 BC
who does hannibal defeat at the battle of lake trasimene?
C. Flaminius
who is ELECTED dictator in 217 after the disaster at lake trasimene?
Q. Fabius Maximus Cunctator Verrucosus Ovuncula
what cognomen does Q. Fabius Maximus receive? why does he get it? what does it mean?
“cunctator,” meaning the “delayer” for his delaying tactics against Hannibal
who was known as the shield of rome?
cunctator
what does Hannibal do to drive Fabius from one of the passes?
he drives 2,000 oxen with torches attached to their heads toward Fabius’ camp
when was the Battle of Cannae?
216 BC
who are the two consuls of 216 BC?
L. Aemilius Paullus and C. Terentius Varro
what happens to the consuls of 216 BC at the Battle of Cannae?
L. Aemilius Paullus dies at this battle, but C. Terentius Varro lives
when was the revolt of Capua?
216-211 BC
what happened at the revolt of Capua?
Capua secedes over to Hannibal in 216, but is won back by the Romans under Q. Fulvius Flaccus
when was the revolt of tarentum?
212-209 BC
who regains the city of tarentum in 209 BC?
Romans under Fabius Maximus
who replaces Hiero II of Syracuse?
his grandson Hieronymus
when was the siege of syracuse?
212-211 BC
who lays siege to syracuse?
M. Claudius Marcellus
who was responsible for the design of the weapons for Syracuse?
Archimedes
when did Archimedes die?
during the siege of Syracuse
who is known as the “sword of rome”?
Marcellus
who was the first privatus to receive proconsular imperium?
Scipio Africanus
when was the battle of Baecula?
208 BC
when was the battle of metaurus river?
207 BC
who led rome at the battle of metaurus river?
consuls C. Claudius Nero and M. Livius Salinator
who is the brother of hannibal?
Hasdrubal Barca
when was the Battle of Ilipa?
206 BC
who does Scipio defeat at the battle of ilipa?
Hasdrubal
who is Hasdrubal the son of?
Gisgo
where did Scipio land his forces in 204 BC?
in Utica (in Africa)
why does Carthage commission Hannibal’s surviving brother Mago to raise fresh troops and launch an invasion on northern Italy, which ultimately fails?
Scipio landed his force in Utica
what quarrels did scipio get involved with when he landed at Utica?
he got involved in quarrels between the Numidian kings Masinissa and Syphax, who both were in love with Sophonisba
who provides the poison Sophomisba proudly drinks?
Masinissa
