Hardcastle Republic Notes Flashcards
1
Q
who are the sons of Mars and Rhea Silvia?
A
twin brothers Romulus and Remus
2
Q
who was Rhea Silvia the daughter of?
A
Numitor
3
Q
what is a she-wolf?
A
lupa
4
Q
who is Amulius?
A
Numitor’s brother who steals the throne
5
Q
who raises Romulus and Remus?
A
Faustulus, the shephard
6
Q
what hill did Romulus settle?
A
the Palatine hill
7
Q
who created the Senate?
A
Romulus
8
Q
who was king during the Rape of the Sabines?
A
Romulus
9
Q
who fought against Sabine hero Mettius Curtius?
A
roman hero Hostius Hostilius
10
Q
who is the grandfather of Tullus Hostilius?
A
Hostius Hostilius
11
Q
who broke up the fighting in the rape of the sabines?
A
Sabine Hersilia
12
Q
who becomes Romulus’ wife?
A
Sabine Hersilia
13
Q
when do Romulus and Titus Tatius co-rule?
A
after peace is settled from the Rape of the Sabines
14
Q
who is Romulus’ co-ruler?
A
Titus tatius
15
Q
who won the first spolia opima?
A
Romulus
16
Q
who was Romulus said to have been seen ascended to the heavens by?
A
Julius Proculus
17
Q
what was Romulus’ deified name?
A
Quirinus
18
Q
who did Romulus dedicate the spolia opima to?
A
Julius Feretrius
19
Q
who did Romulus defeat to win the spolia opima?
A
Acron of Caenina
20
Q
which king organized religious life in the community?
A
Numa Pompilius
21
Q
who established the pontifex maximus?
A
Numa Pompilius
22
Q
who established the temple of janus?
A
Numa Pompilius
23
Q
who was Numa Pompilius said to have been guided by?
A
the nymph Egeria
24
Q
who was the Alban king while Tullus Hostilius was king?
A
Mettius Fufetius
25
who was the original king of Alba?
Gaius Cluilius
26
what happens after the Horatii beat the Curatii?
Mettius Fufetius is then drawn and quartered
27
who developed the Curia Hostilia?
Tullus Hostilius
28
how was Tullus Hostilius said to have died?
in a fire in his temple on the Caelian when it was struck by lightning
29
who is the grandson of numa?
ancus marcius
30
who founded the seaport of Ostia?
Ancus Marcius
31
what was the first Roman bridge?
Pons Sublicius
32
who built the first bridge?
Ancus Marcius
33
who was the first Etruscan king?
Tarquinius Priscus
34
who was Tarquinius Priscus' wife?
Tanaquil
35
who established the Circus Maximus?
Tarquinius Priscus
36
who was Tarquinius Priscus said to have been murdered by?
the sons of Ancus Marcius
37
why did Tanaquil predict Servius Tullius to be king?
by seeing flames around his head, and him not being affected
38
who was Servius Tullius probably the child of?
the slave Ocrisia
39
who introduced hoplite tactics for the army?
Servius Tullius
40
who created the census?
Servius Tullius
41
who built the Servian wall?
Servius tullius
42
who established the Cult of Diana on the Aventine hill?
Servius Tullius
43
who was Servius Tullius said to have been murdered by?
Tarquinius Superbus, at the instigation of Tullia the Younger
44
who built the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus?
Tarquinius Superbus
45
what was Rome's first sewer system?
the Cloaca Maxima
46
who built the Cloaca Maxima?
Tarquinius Superbus
47
during whose reign was the infamous rape of Lucretia?
Tarquinius Superbus' reign
48
what did the rape of Lucretia provoke?
a conspiracy of nobles under the leadership of L. Iunius Brutus to overthrow Superbus
49
who decided to try to regain Rome for Superbus?
Lars Porsenna of Clusius (in Etruria)
50
who defended the Pons Sublicius against Lars Porsenna?
Horatius Cocles (nicknamed "one-eyed"), Spurius Lartius, and Titus Herminius
51
how did Mucius Scaevola earn the nickname "lefty"?
by thrusting his hand into a fire to demonstrate his bravery to Porsenna when he's a captive
52
how does Cloelia become a heroine?
when rescuing captives from Porsenna and helping them across the Tiber River
53
who are the consuls of 509 BC?
L. Iunius Brutus, Tarquinius Collatinus
54
who replaces Brutus as consul after his death?
Publius Valerius Publicola
55
what agnomen did Publius Valerius Publicola receive?
Poplicola (he who lives with the people)
56
who was the first person to receive a triumph?
Publius Valerius Publicola
57
when was the Battle of Aricia?
506 BC
58
how many times was Publius Valerius Publicola a consul?
a total of 4 times
59
where did Publius Valerius Publicola originally try to build his house? why did he decide to build it elsewhere?
He originally tried to build his house on the top of the Velian hill but decided
to build it at the bottom due to the people’s fear of him trying to become
king
60
what happened in the Battle of Aricia?
Latin cities were encouraged to seek freedom from the Etruscans, and with the help of Aristodemus of Cumae, they defeated Arruns (Porsenna’s son)
61
when was the Battle of Lake Regillus?
496 BC
62
who led the Romans to victory at the Battle of Lake Regillus?
Aulus Postumnius Albinus, dictator at the time of battle
63
when was the Latin League formed? by whom?
at the Battle of Lake Regillus by the Latins, who had helped the Romans at Aricia. They formed a League from which Rome was excluded
64
who fights with the Latin league against the Romans in the battle of lake Regillus?
Octavius Mamilius, son-in-law of Tarquinius Superbus
65
who was the dictator at the time of the battle of lake regillus?
Aulus Postumius Albinus
66
who aided Rome in its victory against the Latin League at the Battle of Lake regullus?
the Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux
67
when is the Treaty with the Latins concluded?
493 BC
68
who concludes the Treaty with Latins?
Spurius Cassius
69
what is the treaty with the Latins called?
the Foedus Cassianum
70
when was the first secession of the plebs?
494 BC
71
who persuaded the Plebs to return from the first succession of the plebs?
Menenius Agrippa (consul in 504 BC)
72
what caused the first secession of the plebeians?
plebs went on a general strike (secessio) so that the patricians would meet their demands
73
what did Coriolanus receive his cognomen for?
taking the town of Corioli in 493 BC
74
who dissuaded Coriolanus from attacking rome?
his mother Veturia and his wife Volumnia
75
who was cut down to the last man in the battle at the Battle of Cremera?
Fabia gens
76
when was the battle of mt. algidus?
458 BC
77
where was Cincinnatus called from to become dictator?
his plow
78
what is cincinnatus' full name?
L. Quinctius Cincinnatus
79
why was Cincinnatus called to defeat the aequi?
they had occupied the mountain Algidus
80
when were the twelve tables written?
451-450 BC
81
what was the first written code of law?
twelve tables
82
who were the twelve tables first voiced by? when?
the tribune Terentilius Harsa in 462 BC
83
who were appointed to draft the laws for the twelve tables?
ten commissioners (decemviri)
84
who was the only member of the decemviri to serve on both commissions?
Appius Claudius
85
who was Verginia said to have been killed by? why?
her own father (Verginius) to save her from Appius' lust for her
86
who passed the Valerio-Horation laws?
consuls L. Valerius Potitus and M. Horatius Barbatus
87
what did the Valerio-Horation laws concern?
plebiscita, provocatio, and sacrosanctitas
88
when was the Lex Canuleia passed?
445 BC
89
what did the Lex Canueleia allow?
intermarriage between plebeians and patricians
90
who was the king of the Veians in 426 BC?
Tolumnius
91
who killed Tolumnius?
A. Cornelius Cossus
92
when was the siege of Veii?
405-396 BC
93
who led the siege of Veii?
M. Furius Camillus
94
who led the Gauls in an attack against Rome at the Battle of Allia River?
Senonian chieftain Brennus
95
who awoke on the capitol from the alarm of the sacred geese of Juno?
M. Manlius Capitolinus
96
who is the called the "Pater Patriae" and "Second Founder of Rome"?
Camillus
97
when was the Lex Licinia Sextia passed?
367 BC
98
what did the Lex Licinia Sextia do?
made it so that one of the consuls is plebeian. the law also limited the amount of public land an individual could hold
99
what was the maximum amount of public land an individual could hold under the Lex Licinia Sextia?
500 iugera (or 300 acres)
100
who was elected the first plebeian consul for 366
L. Sextius
101
who was the first plebeian dictator?
C. Marcius Rutilius
102
who was the first plebeian dictator?
Q. Publilius Philo
103
when was the Lex Genucia passed?
342 BC
104
what did the Lex Genucia do?
prohibited loans and usury
105
when was the lex poetelia passed?
326/313 BC
106
what did the lex poetelia do?
abolished the nexum and ceased men from being imprisoned for debt
107
what does caecus mean?
one-eyed
108
when was Appius Claudius Caecus censor?
312 BC
109
who built the famous roman aqueduct (aqua appia)?
Appius Claudius Caecus
110
what is the oldest roman road?
Via Appia
111
who built the Via Appia?
Appius Claudius Caecus
112
when was the Lex Ogulnia built?
300 BC
113
what did the Lex Ogulnia do?
gives plebeians access to the priesthood
114
when was the Lex Hortensia passed?
287 BC
115
what did the Lex Hortensia do?
legalized the plebiscita and made it binding on all citizens
116
what did M. Valerius Corvus do?
in 348 defeated a Gallic opponent with the help of a raven, landing on his opponent's helmet
117
when was the Great Latin War?
340-338 BC
118
where did the Romans and Samnites defeat the combined forces of Latins and Campanians?
near Suessa Aurunca in 340 BC
119
how many Decii sacrificed themselves in battle? when/where did they do it?
3. the first one was at the battle of Mt. Vesuvius (340) and he sacrificed himself to win the victory over the Latins. the second one was during the more famous Sentinum (295). the third one was at Asculum (279)
120
what is sacrifice in battle called?
devotio
121
when was the second samnite war?
326-304 BC
122
who lays siege to Neopolis?
Publilius Philo
123
when was the battle of Caudine forks?
321 BC
124
what happened in the battle of Caudine forks?
roman disaster in which the Samnite chieftain Gavius Pontius forced Romans (led by Ti. Veturius Calvinus and Sp. Postumius Albinus) to pass under the yoke, as an act of humiliation
125
who was Gavius Pontius?
a Samnite chieftain who forced the Romans to pass under the yoke at the battle of Caudine forks
126
when was the battle of lautulae?
315 BC
127
what happened in the battle of lautulae?
q. Fabius Rullianus
128
when was the third Samnite war?
298-290 BC
129
when was the battle of sentinum?
295 BC
130
who led in the battle of sentinum?
Decius Mus against the Samnite Leader Gellius Egnatius
131
when was the battle of aquilonia?
293 BC
132
who led the Romans in the battle of Aquilonia?
L. Papirius Cursor and L. Cornelius Scipio Scapula
133
who led the Samnites in the battle of aquilonia?
Linen Legions, which are experienced soldiers distinguished by their linen clothing
134
what was M. Curius Dentatus?
consul of 290 who helps conclude peace with the Samnites in 290 BC
135
when was the Pyrrhic War?
280-275 BC
136
who was the first king of Tarentum?
Archidamus of Sparta
137
who was the second king of Tarentum?
Alexander of Epirus, brother-in-law of Alexander the Great
138
when was the battle of heraclea?
280 BC
139
when did Romans encounter elephants for the first time?
battle of heraclea
140
what battle does the term "pyrrhic victory" come from?
battle of heraclea
141
what does the term "pyrrhic victory" mean?
an army defeated another army at a high cost
142
after the battle of Heraclea, who does Pyrrhus conduct negotiations with about the ransom of prisoners?
C. Fabricius
143
who was Pyrrhus' agent? what did this agent do?
Cineas. Pyrrhus did his negotiations through him
144
when was the battle of asculum?
279 BC
145
why does Pyrrhus go to Sicily for three years?
to help Sicilian allies after the battle of asculum
146
when was the battle of beneventum?
275 BC
147
what is the final battle of the Pyrrhic War?
Battle of Beneventum
148
who defeats Pyrrhus's army at Beneventum?
Curius Dentatus
149
when did Pyrrhus die?
272 BC
150
what establishes a friendship with Rome and Egypt? when?
Amicitia with King Ptolemy II of Egypt in 273 BC
151
when was the first punic war?
264-241 BC
152
who were the mamertines?
sons of mars
153
who were the Mamertines besieged by?
Hiero II of Syracuse
154
who drove a wedge between Carthage and Syracuse in 264 BC, causing their armies to leave Messana?
Appius Claudius Caudex
155
when was the siege of Agrigentum?
262 BC
156
when was the Battle of Mylae?
260 BC
157
who led the Romans at the battle of Mylae?
C. Duilius
158
corvus
boarding
bridges attached to Roman ships that enabled troops to board
Carthaginian ships
159
when was the battle of bagradas valley?
255 BC
160
who do the Carthaginians hire to aid them in the battle of bagradas valley?
Xanthippus, a Spartan mercenary
161
who is taken prisoner at the battle of bagradas valley?
Regulus
162
when was the battle of drepana?
249 BC
163
who was defeated at the battle of drepana?
consul Claudius Pulcher and his fleet
164
what did Claudius Pulcher do before the battle of drepana?
threw the "sacred chickens" into the ocean before the battle because they wouldn't ear, which was a bad omen
165
who seized Mt. Hercte and Mt. Eryx (both in Sicily)?
Hamilcar Barca
166
who gained chief command of sicily in 247 for the carthaginians?
Hamilcar Barca
167
when was the battle of aegates islands?
241 BC
168
who defeats the Carthaginians at the battle of Aegates Islands?
Roman admiral Lutatius Catulus
169
in 227 BC, what is added as Rome's second province?
Sardinia and Corsica
170
when was the battle of cape telamon?
225 BC
171
when was the battle of clastidium?
222 BC
172
what happened in the battle of clastidium?
M. Claudius Marcellus won the third and final spolia
opima by single-handedly defeating the Insubrian chieftain
Virodamarus
173
who was the consul in 223?
C. Flaminius
174
who constructed the via flaminia?
C. flaminius
175
when was the first Illyrian war?
229-228 BC
176
what happened in the first Illyrian war?
Illyrian pirates under Queen Teuta murdered one of the Roman envoys
177
who do the Romans fight against in the second Illyrian war?
the Greek Demetrius of Pharos
178
when was the second Illyrian War?
220-219 BC
179
when was the second punic war?
218-201 BC
180
what enabled Carthage to quickly make up for the recent war losses after the first punic war?
Spain's rich silver mines
181
who continued Hamilar's successes in Spain?
his son-in-law Hasdrubal (228-221) and Hannibal (221-218)
182
what Spanish base did Hasdrubal establish?
Carthago Nova (New Carthage, modern Cartagena)
183
when was the Ebro treaty passed?
226 BC
184
who was the Ebro treaty conducted between?
rome and carthage
185
when was the siege of saguntum?
219 BC
186
what was the casus belli of the Second Punic War?
siege of saguntum
187
who went against hannibal?
Hanno of Carthage
188
when was the battle of Ticinus river?
218 BC
189
who does hannibal defeat at the battle of ticinus river?
P. Cornelius Scipio (elder)
190
when was the battle of trebia river?
218 BC
191
when was the battle of lake trasimene?
217 BC
192
who does hannibal defeat at the battle of lake trasimene?
C. Flaminius
193
who is ELECTED dictator in 217 after the disaster at lake trasimene?
Q. Fabius Maximus Cunctator Verrucosus Ovuncula
194
what cognomen does Q. Fabius Maximus receive? why does he get it? what does it mean?
"cunctator," meaning the "delayer" for his delaying tactics against Hannibal
195
who was known as the shield of rome?
cunctator
196
what does Hannibal do to drive Fabius from one of the passes?
he drives 2,000 oxen with torches attached to their heads toward Fabius' camp
197
when was the Battle of Cannae?
216 BC
198
who are the two consuls of 216 BC?
L. Aemilius Paullus and C. Terentius Varro
199
what happens to the consuls of 216 BC at the Battle of Cannae?
L. Aemilius Paullus dies at this battle, but C. Terentius Varro lives
200
when was the revolt of Capua?
216-211 BC
201
what happened at the revolt of Capua?
Capua secedes over to Hannibal in 216, but is won back by the Romans under Q. Fulvius Flaccus
202
when was the revolt of tarentum?
212-209 BC
203
who regains the city of tarentum in 209 BC?
Romans under Fabius Maximus
204
who replaces Hiero II of Syracuse?
his grandson Hieronymus
205
when was the siege of syracuse?
212-211 BC
206
who lays siege to syracuse?
M. Claudius Marcellus
207
who was responsible for the design of the weapons for Syracuse?
Archimedes
208
when did Archimedes die?
during the siege of Syracuse
209
who is known as the "sword of rome"?
Marcellus
210
who was the first privatus to receive proconsular imperium?
Scipio Africanus
211
when was the battle of Baecula?
208 BC
212
when was the battle of metaurus river?
207 BC
213
who led rome at the battle of metaurus river?
consuls C. Claudius Nero and M. Livius Salinator
214
who is the brother of hannibal?
Hasdrubal Barca
215
when was the Battle of Ilipa?
206 BC
216
who does Scipio defeat at the battle of ilipa?
Hasdrubal
217
who is Hasdrubal the son of?
Gisgo
218
where did Scipio land his forces in 204 BC?
in Utica (in Africa)
219
why does Carthage commission Hannibal's surviving brother Mago to raise fresh troops and launch an invasion on northern Italy, which ultimately fails?
Scipio landed his force in Utica
220
what quarrels did scipio get involved with when he landed at Utica?
he got involved in quarrels between the Numidian kings Masinissa and Syphax, who both were in love with Sophonisba
221
who provides the poison Sophomisba proudly drinks?
Masinissa
222
when was the battle of zama?
202 BC
223
what happened in the battle of zama?
Scipio (the future) africanus, c. laelius, and Masinissa defeat the forces of hannibal in africa
224
what gift is Masinissa rewarded with after the second punic war?
a gift of all African land “held by him or his forefathers”
225
when was the battle of lake como?
196 BC
226
what two provinces does the senate convert Spain to in 197 BC?
Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior
227
who was given supreme command of the forces in Spain in 195 BC?
the consul M. Porcius Cato
228
when was the Lex Villia Annalis passed?
180 BC
229
what did the Lex Villia Annalis do?
established a minimum age for the cursus honorum, sets two-year intervals between offices
230
who loses a battle near Numantia, but is able to advance all the way to Celtiberian lands in 153-152 BC?
the consul Fulvius Nobilior
231
what does Servius Sulpicius Galba, known for his greed, do in 150 BC?
he lures Lusitanians from their home lands in promise of better lands, only to kill them later
232
who takes over command of the Lusitanians in 146 BC and launches guerrilla warfare against the Romans?
Viriathus, a hero of Portugal today
233
what does Servilius Caepio do in 139 BC?
he disavows the treaty and bribes agents of Viriathus to murder him
234
how does Hostilius Mancinus remain on good terms with the Numantines even though they captured him?
due to the promise by Ti. Sempronius Gracchus
235
when was the Siege of Numantia?
134-133 BC
236
what does Scipio Aemilianus do that marks the end of the Spanish wars?
he seizes the Celtiberian fortress of Numantia
237
who is alongside Scipio Aemilianus as he seizes the celtiberian fortress of numantia?
Jugurtha (future enemy of Rome) and Marius (future hero of Rome)
238
who went to the assistance of Antiochus III?
Hannibal
239
what happens when Carthage declares war on Masinissa in 150 BC?
Carthage is quickly defeated by the Numidian troops
240
what did M. Porcius Cato urge?
“Carthage must be destroyed” (Carthago delenda est)
241
who was given the high command in africa by the people?
P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus
242
who captures and destroys Carthage, selling the inhabitants into slavery and burning the city to the ground?
Aemilianus
243
when do the Romans constitute their new province "Africa"?
146 BC
244
when was the first Macedonian war?
215-205 BC
245
what does the first macedonian war form as a result of?
a compact of mutual assistance between Hannibal and Philip V after the disaster at Cannae
246
who kept Philip in play along the Illyrian coast in 214 BC?
the admiral Valerius Laevinus
247
when was the Treaty of Phoenice?
205 BC
248
who was elected consul for 200 with Macedonia as his province and passed a formal declaration of war against Philip?
P. Sulpicius Galba
249
when was the second macedonian war?
200-196 BC
250
who was able to occupy Thessaly from Philip, as well as win support of the Achaean League in 198?
Galba's successor T. Quinctius Flaminius
251
when was the Battle of Cynoscephalae?
197 BC
252
when/where does Flaminius famously announce the liberation of all Greeks at Corinth?
the Isthmian Games in 196 BC
253
when was the third macedonian war?
171-168 BC
254
after philip's death in 179, who took over as king of macedon?
his eldest son Perseus
255
why does the Senate push for the war against Perseus in 171 BC?
At the insistence of Eumenes II of Pergamum (successor to Attalus I)
256
why did Perseus have his brother Demetrius executed?
on a doubtful charge of treason
257
when was the battle of pydna?
168 BC
258
who does L. Aemilius Paullus finally defeat at the battle of Pydna?
Perseus
259
what shows the superiority of the
| legions/maniples over the phalanx?
Pydna and Cynoscephalae
260
who gains command in Macedon in 150 BC?
Andriscus
261
when is the "fourth" Macedonian war?
150-148 BC
262
who does Q. Caecilius Metellus “Macedonicus” disposes of at the (second) battle of pydna?
the pretender Andriscus
263
what is finally annexed as a province in 148 BC?
Macedonia
264
who was called "Great" among the greeks?
Antiochus III of Syria
265
when did Hannibal flee to Ephesus in Antiochus' court?
195 BC
265
when did Hannibal flee to Ephesus in Antiochus' court?
195 BC
266
why did the Aetolians invite Antiochus to Greece?
they were angry
267
when was the Seleucid War?
192-188 BC
268
when was the Battle of Thermopylae?
191 BC
269
what is the last notable victory of a Roman fleet over a foreign enemy?
Battle of Myonnsesus
270
when was the battle of Magnesia?
190 BC
271
who aided L. Cornelius Scipio?
King Eumenes and the ex-consul Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus
272
when was the Treaty of Apamea?
188 BC
273
after the seleucid war, who did Eumenes engage in a war against?
Prusias I
274
when did Hannibal commit suicide by poison?
183 BC
275
when do the Romans gain the Pergamum territory?
133 BC
276
when did Attalus III of Pergamum bequeath Pergamum to the Romans?
133 BC
277
when was the insurrection of aristonicus?
130 BC
278
who is the pretender and illegitimate son of Eumenes?
Aristonicus
279
when is Aristonicus defeated by M. Perperna?
130 BC
280
who does Roman send to call of Antiochus IV's attack?
envoy C. Popilius Laenas
281
what happens when C. Popilius Laenas calls of Antiochius IV's attack?
Antiochus first refuses, only to have Laenas draw a ring in the sand around Antiochus
282
who was the tribune of 133 BC?
Tiberius Gracchus
283
what did Cornelia refer to Tiberius and Gaius as?
her jewels
284
where did Tiberius Gracchus conduct his negotiations at?
Numantia
285
what was the Lex Sempronia Agraria?
a bill Tiberius Gracchus as tribune proposed for the creation of allotments mostly out of the large area of public land
286
who was Tiberius vetoed by?
his fellow tribune M. Octavius
287
who does the first land commission involve?
Tiberius Gracchus, Gaius Gracchus, and Appius Claudius Pulcher
288
who lynched Tiberius and 300 of his supporters when meeting at the Temple of Fides?
ex-consul Scipio Nasica and angry senators
289
who was the consul of 125 BC?
M. Fulvius Flaccus
290
who proposes that all allies who wished should receive Roman citizenship?
M. Fulvius Flaccus
291
when was Gaius Gracchus tribune?
123-122 BC
292
who founded the colonies at Tarentum and Capua?
Gaius Gracchus
293
who proposes a colony on the site of Carthage (called Junonia)?
Tribune Rubrius
294
who forwarded a law for the regulation of the city's corn supply?
Gaius Gracchus
295
who annuls the Lex Rubria?
M. Minucius Rufus
296
who is the first to be granted the Senatus Consultum Ultimum by the senate, and thus helps slay both Gracchus and Flaccus on the Aventine?
L. Opimius
297
who were the dominant family in the late 100's BC?
Metelli
298
who was the novus homo from Arpinum?
Gaius Marius
299
who was a consul for a record of 7 times?
Gaius Marius
300
when was Gaius Marius consul?
107, 104, 103, 102, 101, 100, 86
301
whose record did Gaius Marius beat for number of times being consul? what was the previous record?
M'. Valerius Corvus (consul 6 times)
302
who leaves his kingdom in the hands of his sons Adherbal and Hiempsal?
Micipsa
303
who has Hiempsal assassinated in 118 (after Micipsa's death) and drives out Adherbal?
Jugurtha
304
what is the casus belli of the Jugurthan war?
the massacres of many Italian residents at Cirta in 112 BC
305
when was the Jugurthan War?
111-105 BC
306
who called Rome a "city for sale" (urbs venalis)?
L. Calpurnius Bestia
307
who gains command of the Roman forces in 109 BC?
Q. Caecilius Metellus
308
when was the Battle of Muthul?
108 BC
309
who does Jugurtha make an alliance with after the battle of munda?
Bochus (King of Mauretania)
310
when does Marius receive command against Jugurtha?
107 BC
311
who was the first to enroll proletarii (men below the five classes) as his volunteer soldiers?
Gaius Marius
312
who were known as "Marius' mules"?
volunteer soldiers from men below the five classes
313
who forced Bocchus to hand over Jugurtha to Roman custody?
L. Cornelius Sulla (quaestor of Marius)
314
who is strangled in 104 in the Tullianum prison?
Jugurtha
315
when was the battle of aquae sextiae?
102 BC
316
when was the battle of vercellae?
101 BC
317
what happens at the battle of aquae sextiae?
marius defeats the teutones
318
what happens at the battle of vercellae?
Marius joins forces with Q. Lutatius Catulus to defeat the Cimbri
319
at what battle were the forces of Caepio and the novus homo Cn. Mallius Maximus defeated by the Cimbri and Teutones?
Battle of Arausio
320
when did Q. Servilius Caepio loot the city of Tolosa after destroying the Tectosages?
106 BC
321
what happened as part of the Invasion of the Cimbri and Teutones?
battle of arausio, battle of aquae sextiae, and battle of vercellae
322
who put down the revolt in 101 BC?
M' Aquilius, one of Marius' lieutenants
323
who was the second servile war led by?
the Cicilians Athenion (King Tryphon) and Salvius
324
who repealed Caepio's previous judiciary law after the disaster of Arausio?
tribune named Cn. Servilius Glaucia
325
what was L. Appuleius Saturninus notoriously known for?
his systemic (mob) violence used to force bills through
326
who helped Marius in forwarding a bill that provided land for his veterans in 100 BC?
L. Appuleius Saturninus
327
what forced the senate to pass the second senatus consultum ultimum and to summon Marius to exercise his powers to dispose of Saturninus?
the murder of the ex-tribune C. Memmius by L. Appuleius Saturninus
328
who proposed the conferment of full Roman franchise (citizenship) upon the Italian allies?
M. Livius Drusus the Younger
329
what was the original capital of the rebels?
Corfinium
330
when was the social war?
91-88 BC
331
who were entrusted with the supreme control of the Roman army?
L. Iulius Caesar and P. Rutilius Lupus
332
who led the Marsians in the social war?
Q. Poppaedius Silo
333
who led the Samnites in the social war?
C. Papius Mutilus
334
when was the Lex Iulia passed?
90 BC
335
who brought forward the law 'lex iulia'?
L. Caesar
336
when was the Lex Plautia Papiria passed?
89 BC
337
when was the lex pompeia passed?
88 BC
338
who was the tribune of 88 BC?
P. Sulpicius Rufus
339
who proposed to transfer the command in the impending Mithridatic War from Sulla to Marius?
P. Sulpicius Rufus
340
who famously marched on Rome in 88 BC?
Sulla
341
who was the consul of 87 BC?
L. Cornelius Cinna
342
who declared themselves consuls of 86 BC?
Cinna and Marius
343
who becomes Marius' consul suffectus (replaces Marius as consul of 86 BC)?
L. Valerius Flaccus
344
who reappointed himself and selected his colleague Cn. Papirius Carbo as consuls of both 85 and 84 BC?
Cinna
345
where does Cinna die?
Ancona
346
where was King Mithridate VI from?
Pontus
347
what was M'. Aquilius instructed to do after Mithridates seized Cappadoia again?
force the king out of the province
348
who was the winner of the Second Slave War in Sicily in 101 BC?
M'. Aquilius
349
who swept all of Asia Minor and gave orders for the massacre of all Italian residents?
Mithridates
350
when was the first mithridatic war?
88-85 BC
351
when was Aristion established as the despot?
first mithridatic war, after mithridates won over athens
352
when was the battle of chaeroneia?
86 BC
353
when was the battle of orchomenus?
86 BC
354
when was the treaty of dardanus?
85 BC
355
how does Fimbria die?
suicide
356
what happened in the second mithridatic war?
minor "war" in which Sulla's legatus Murena has a few skirmishes with Mithridates
357
who joins Sulla at Brundisium in 83 BC?
Metellus Pius, Crassus, and Pompey (son of Pomepius Strabo)
358
who does sulla defeat at Praeneste?
Carbo's co-consul of 82 Marius the Younger
359
when is the battle of colline gate?
82 BC
360
who is sulla's right wing commanded by at the battle of colline gate?
crassus
361
who was the Marian proconsul of Hispania who opposes Sulla until his assassination in 72 BC?
Quintus Sertorius
362
who was Quintus Sertorius assassinated by in 72 BC?
Marcus Perperna
363
what were Sulla's Proscriptions legalized by?
the Lex Cornelia
364
who did Sulla force the Senate to appoint as interrex? why?
L. Valerius Flaccus, in order for Flaccus to officially declare Sulla dictator for the purpose of revising the constitution
365
how long was sulla declared dictator?
indefinitely
366
when did sulla resign from dictatorship?
79 BC
367
what rule did sulla's dictatorship revive?
a rule requiring a 10 year interval between offices in the curus honorum
368
whose reform limited the power of the tribunes?
Sulla's
369
who was elected consul for 78 BC?
M. Aemilius Lepidus
370
why was a Senatus Consultum Ultimatum passed against M. Aemilius Lepidus?
for his revolt
371
when was the battle of Milvian Bridge?
78 BC
372
what happened at the battle of milvian bridge?
proconsul Q. Lutatius Catulus
373
who was given a proconsular imperium infinitum to deal with the pirates in 74 BC?
M. Antonius (Creticus)
374
when was the revolt of spartacus?
73-71 BC
375
what was the revolt of Spartacus also known as?
Third Servile War
376
where was Spartacus' revolt started?
Capua
377
who was Spartacus aided by in his slave revolt?
fellow slave Crixus
378
who defeated Spartacus and his army in Apulia in 71 BC?
M. Licinius Crassus
379
how many slaves were crucified along the Via Appia?
6,000 slaves
380
who stand for the consuls of 70 BC?
Crassus, the victor of Spartacus' revolt, joins Pompey
381
who restored to the tribunate all the powers held by it before the restrictive legislation of Sulla?
Pompey and Crassus
382
when was the Lex Gabinia passed?
67 BC
383
when was the Lex Manilia passed?
66 BC
384
what did the lex gabinia do?
gave Pompey command in the mediterranean sea to get rid of pirates
385
what did the Lex Manilia do?
transferred command from Lucullus and Acilius Glabrio in the East to Pompey
386
whose support did Crassus enlist?
L. Sergius Catilina
387
who became consul along with C. Antonius Hybrida?
M. Tullius Cicero (novus homo)
388
who was the most famous roman orator?
M. Tullius Cicero
389
when was the famous persecution of G. Verres?
70 BC
390
when did M. Tullius Cicero become recognized?
after his famous persecution of G. Verres
391
who became consul in 63 BC against Catiline/Catilina?
M. Tullius Cicero
392
who was a novus homo from Arpinum and consul in 63 BC?
M. Tullius Cicero
393
when does Cicero receive the title of Pater Patriae?
after he "saves" Rome from Catiline
394
who receives the title of Pater Patriae?
Cicero
395
when was G. Iulius Caesar quaestor?
69 BC
396
who was the Pontifex Maximus in 63 BC?
G. Iulius Caesar
397
what did Catiline do after he again lost the elections in 63 BC?
he planned a coup de main in Rome
398
what was the Catilinarian Conspiracy?
after Catiline lost the elections in 63 BC, he planned a coup de main in Rome
399
how did the Allobroges, a Gallic tribe, become famous?
for uncovering the plot for Cicero,
| allowing him to gather the ringleaders
400
how did Caesar counter Cicero's wish?
Caesar wanted the prisoners to be detained (in prison) for life
401
how were the ringleaders of the Catilinarian conspiracy subsequently executed?
Cato the Younger (great-grandson of the Elder and tribune at the time) supported Cicero’s wish to execute the prisoners without a legal trial
402
when did Catiline die?
62 BC
403
how did Catiline die?
M. Petreius defeats him at the Battle of Pistoria and Catiline dies in battle
404
what happened at the Battle of Pistoria?
M. Petreius defeats Catiline (Catiline dies in battle)
405
when was the Battle of Pistoria?
62 BC
406
when was the first triumvirate?
60 BC
407
what was the first triumvirate finalized by?
the marriage between Caesar's daughter Julia and Pompey
408
who is Caesar consul with in 59 BC?
L. Calpurnius Bibulus
409
when is Caesar consul for the first time?
59 BC
410
when was the Lex Vatinia passed?
59 BC
411
what did the Lex Vatinia do?
gave the governorship of Illycrium and Cisalpine Gaul to Caesar
412
who is given special command (imperium infinitum) against the pirates in 74 BC?
M. Antonius
413
what is Pompey able to do under the Lex Gabinia (66 BC)?
expel the pirates in three months
414
when was the third mithridatic war?
74-66 BC
415
when did Nicomedes IV bequeath his kingdom to the Romans?
74 BC
416
what was Nicomedes IV's kingdom?
Bithynia
417
when was the battle of Cyzicus?
73 BC
418
when was the battle of cabira?
72 BC
419
when was the battle of Triganocerta?
69 BC
420
what happened in the battle of triganocerta?
lucullus invades Armenia and defeats Tigranes
421
who defeats Mithridates at the battle of cyzicus?
L. Licinus Lucullus
422
who was command against the Mithrifates to be transferred to?
M’. Acilius Glabrio (and eventually to Pompey)
423
what officially conferred the command against Mithridates to Pompey?
Lex Manilia
424
when was the Battle of Nicopolis?
66 BC
425
what happened in the Battle of Nicopolis?
Pompey defeats Mithridates, thus ending the war
426
how does Mithridates die?
by committing suicide
427
when does mithridates die?
63 BC
428
who was the first roman to capture jerusalem?
Pompey
429
when did Pompey capture Jerusalem?
64 BC
430
which brothers did Pompey stop a quarrel between?
Aristobulus and Hyrcanus
431
when was the Battle of Carrhae?
53 BC
432
what happened in the Battle of Carrhae?
Crassus' army is defeated by Surenas
433
when did Crassus die?
53 BC
434
where did Crassus die?
Battle of Carrhae
435
who was Caesar aided by in his Gallic Wars?
Q. Cicero (brother of more famous Cicero) and P. Crassus (son of M. Crassus)
436
who led the Helvetii at the battle of bibracte?
Orgetorix
437
who does the Aeduan leader Divitiacus request the aid of to help defeat the Suebian chieftain Ariovistus?
Caesar
438
when does Caesar fight against the Belgae?
57 BC
439
who does Caesar fight most notably against in 57 BC?
the Nervii
440
when does Caesar fight the Veneti?
56 BC
441
who does Caesar fight in 56 BC?
the Veneti
442
how long did it take Caesar to build a bridge across the Rhine?
10 days
443
who was the first roman to invade britain?
Caesar
444
when did Caesar invade britain?
55 BC
445
when does Caesar fight against Ambriorix of the Eburones?
54-53 BC
446
who does caesar fight against in 54-53 BC?
Ambriorix of the Eburones
447
who does Caesar fight against when he invades Britain?
the chieftain Cassivellaunus
448
who does Caesar most notably fight against?
Vercingetorix of the Arveni
449
when was the Battle of Gergovia?
52 BC
450
when was the Battle of Alesia?
51 BC
451
who is caesar defeated by at the battle of gergovia?
Vercingetorix
452
what is the first of only two defeats Caesar ever suffered?
Battle of Gergovia (lost to Vercingetorix)
453
when was the Tribuneship of P. Clodius Pulcher?
58 BC
454
what did P. Clodius Pulcher most notably do?
drove Cicero from Rome
455
who leads the opposition army Pompey forms?
T. Annius Milo
456
when was the Conference at Luca?
56 BC
457
what happened at the Conference at Luca?
Pompey and Crassus agree to become joint consuls again for 55 BC
458
what do Pompey and Crassus do as part of the agreement at Luca?
they introduce the Lex Licinia Pompeia
459
when did Caesar's daughter Julia die?
54 BC
460
when is Pompey's Sole Consulship?
52 BC
461
who does Milo kill in a scuffle in 52 BC?
Clodius
462
when is Clodius killed?
52 BC
463
who kills Clodius?
Milo
464
when does the Senate hand the Republic to Pompey?
January 7, 49 BC
465
who does the senate hand the republic to?
Pompey
466
when does caesar cross the rubicon?
49 BC
467
what happens once caesar crosses the rubicon?
he thus invades italy
468
what does caesar say when crossing the rubicon?
"Alea iacta est" meaning "the die is cast"
469
when was the battle of bagradas valley?
49 BC
470
what happened in the battle of the bagradas valley?
curio himself was killed in the battle (ally of caesar)
471
when was the battle of illerda?
49 BC
472
when was Caesar dictator?
after conducting the consular elections for 48 BC
473
how long did caesar hold his dictatorship?
11 days
474
when was the battle of dyrrhacchium?
48 BC
475
what happened at the battle of dyrrhachium?
Caesar suffers his second and final defeat in his life to Pompey
476
what was Caesar's second and final defeat?
Battle of Dyrrachium
477
what were the two times Caesar was defeated?
battle of Gergovia and battle of Dyrrhachium
478
when was the battle of pharsalus?
48 BC
479
after which battle does Pompey flee to Egypt?
Battle of Pharsalus
480
who is Caesar rumored to have had an affair with?
Cleopatra
481
when was the Battle of Zela?
47 BC
482
what did Caesar say after the battle of Zela?
"veni, vidi, vici" meaning "I came, I saw, I conquered"
483
what happens at the Battle of Zela?
Caesar defeats Mithridates VI’s son Pharnaces (II)
484
when was the Battle of Thapsus?
46 BC
485
who does Caesar defeat at the Battle of Thapsus?
Pompey’s forces led by Q. Metellus Scipio and Juba I in Africa
486
how does Cato the Younger die?
suicide
487
where does Cato the Younger die?
near Utica
488
when was the Battle of Munda?
45 BC
489
what happens at the Battle of Munda?
Caesar defeats the sons of Pompey
490
when was Caesar elected consul?
59 (with Bibulus), 48, 46, 45, 44 BC
491
when was Caesar elected dictator for life?
44 BC
492
who was the first to put his face on gold coins in Rome?
Caesar
493
who revised the calendar with the help of the Alexandrian scholar Sosigenes?
Caesar
494
what was Caesar planning at the time of his assassination?
an expedition against the Parthians and Dacians (under the
| king Burebistas)
495
when did Caesar die?
March 15th, 44 BC
496
who offered Caesar a diadem during the Lupercalia festival on February 15?
M. Antony
497
who was the consul of 44 BC?
Antony
498
who is named chief heir at Caesar's funeral?
Octavian
499
who is named as contingent heir at Caesar's funeral?
D. Brutus
500
who gives a laudatio at Caesar's funeral?
Antony
501
who abolishes the office of dictator?
Antony
502
when did Octavian change his name?
when Caesar adopted him as son and heir
503
what was Brutus assigned?
Crete
504
what was Cassius assigned?
Cyrene
505
who were the chief conspirators of caesar's death?
M. Brutus and Cassius
506
what was similar to Demosthenes?
Cicero delivering a total of 5 Philippics against Antony
507
who does the Senate give command against Antony?
Octavian as well as A. Hirtius and C. Vibius Pansa
508
when was the Siege of Mutina?
February 43
509
when was the Forum Gallorum?
43 BC
510
when do Octavian, A. Hirtius, and C. Vibius Pansa defeat Antony?
at the Forum Gallorum (43) and Mutina (43)
511
what forms the 2nd Triumvirate?
Octavian deciding to join forces with Lepidus and Antony at Bononia
512
what did the 2nd triumvirate form under?
Lex Titia
513
when did the 2nd Triumvirate form?
November 27, 43 BC
514
who institutes the consular elections for 43 BC?
Octavian
515
when did Cicero die?
at Formiae in 43 BC
516
who does Octavian marry?
Antony's stepdaughter Claudia
517
who has control over all the eastern provinces?
Cassius and Brutus
518
when were the First and Second Battles of Philippi?
43 BC
519
who do Antony and Octavian defeat at the First Battle of Philippi?
Cassius and Brutus
520
when does Cassius commit suicide?
after the First Battle of Philippi
521
how does Cassius die?
suicide
522
how does Brutus die?
suicide
523
who loses the second battle of Philippi?
Brutus
524
when does Brutus die?
after losing the second battle of Phillipi
525
who challenges Octavian?
L. Antonius (brother of Antony, consul of 42 BC) and Fulvia (wife of Antony)
526
when was the Siege of Perusia?
41-40 BC
527
when was the Treaty of Brundisium with Antony?
40 BC
528
what are the terms of the Treaty of Brundisium with Antony?
Lepidus given Africa, Octavian given Gaul, Spain, and Illyricum, Antony given eastern provinces
529
what happens after Fulvia's unexpected death?
Antony marries Octavian's sister Octavia
530
who conducts a grain blockade to Rome?
Sextus Pompeius
531
when was the Treaty of Misenum?
39 BC
532
what happened at the Treaty of Misenum?
Octavian temporarily recognizes Sextus as proconsul of Sicily/Sardinia so that Sextus will end the blockade
533
who did Octavian have his only child Julia with?
his second wife Scribonia
534
who does Octavian marry after divorcing Scribonia?
Livia
535
when was the treaty of Tarentum?
38 BC
536
how is the 2nd triumvirate renewed another 5 years until 33 BC?
Treaty of Tarentum
537
when was the Battle of Naulochus?
36 BC
538
who helps Octavian at the battle of naulochus?
his ally Agrippa
539
who allows Lepidus to retain the title of Pontifex Maximus until his death in 12 BC?
Octavian
540
who does Antony agree to execute for Cleopatra?
her sister Arsinoe
541
who does Cleopatra meet with at Cilicia in 41 BC?
Antony
542
who captures Jerusalem from Parthia?
C. Sosius, general of Antony
543
who becomes the new king of Judea in 40 BC?
Herod
544
who does Antony declare as the son of Caesar?
Caesarion
545
who are the children of Cleopatra and Antony?
Alexander Helios, Cleopatra Selene, Ptolemy Philadelphus
546
what is the final battle of the republic?
actium
547
when was the battle of actium?
September 2, 31 BC
548
when was the final battle of the republic?
31 BC
549
when does Antony break off with Octavia?
31 BC
550
who obtains a declaration of war against cleopatra?
Octavian
551
who was elected consul for 31 BC?
Octavian
552
what happened at the Battle of Actium?
Agrippa (commander of Octavian’s fleet) and Octavian defeat Antony’s and Cleopatra’s forces
553
how do Cleopatra and Antony die?
they both commit suicide
