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EDU 210 Midterm > History of Educational Technology and Learning Theories > Flashcards

History of Educational Technology and Learning Theories Flashcards

1
Q

What is Behaviourism?

A

Study of overt behaviour. Operant conditioning behaviour through rewards and punishments.

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2
Q

Who’s theory was Behaviourism?

A

BF Skinner

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3
Q

What is Constructivism?

A

The use of past knowledge for learning. Learners are active in structuring how new knowledge is taken in and shaped.

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4
Q

What did Piaget believe?

A

Knowledge is internalized and personal

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5
Q

What are Piaget’s 4 stages of Cognitive Development?

A

Sensorimotor (0-2), Pre-operational (2-6), Concrete operational (6-11), Formal operational (11+)

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6
Q

What did Bruner believe?

A

We develop knowledge with interaction of 3 modes: Enactive (action based), Iconic (image based), Symbolic (language based)

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7
Q

What is scaffolding?

A

How children build on knowledge that they have already mastered

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8
Q

What is the Spiral Curriculum?

A

Complex ideas are initially simplified and retaught while getting more complex

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9
Q

What is Discovery Learning?

A

Discovering knowledge for oneself

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10
Q

What did Vygotsky believe?

A

Social-Constructivist (interactions with others is essential to learning)

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11
Q

What is Constructionism?

A

Builds off of constructivism, but focuses not only on mental construction of knowledge, but also physical construction of tangible product (e.g. LEGO robotics)

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12
Q

What are the Pillars of Constructionism?

A

1) Designing meaningful projects in a social context
2) Powerful ideas empower learning
3) Creation of tangible artifacts
4) Reflection and refining of artifacts

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13
Q

What is Cognitivism?

A

Understanding how the mind receives, organizes, and stores information

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14
Q

What did Moreno and Mayor propose?

A

Environmental stimuli initiates Sensory Memory, which is temporarily stored in the Working Memory, and when knowledge becomes concrete it is stored in Schematic Form in Long Term Memory

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15
Q

What are the types of Cognitive Load in Cognitive Load Theory?

A

Intrinsic: level of difficulty of information being processed
Extraneous: how well information is presented to students
Germane: work students put into retaining the information

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16
Q

What is Connectivism?

A

Explains learning behaviour in networked communities, the effect of technology on how people connect, communicate, and construct knowledge digitally

17
Q

What is an example of learning ABOUT technology?

A

Computer programming, learning how a computer works

18
Q

What is an example of learning FROM technology?

A

Programs that teach, like Kahn Academy

19
Q

What is an example of learning WITH technology?

A

Electronic mind maps

20
Q

What is Cognitive Load Theory?

A

The effort used by our working or immediate memory (as opposed to our long term memory)

21
Q

What is Cognitive Off-Loading?

A

The use of bodily actions and/or external devices to alter the information processing requirements of a task to reduce cognitive demand (e.g. counting on fingers)

22
Q

What is 4E Cognition Theory?

A

Important aspects of cognition have been missed in earlier theories, about use of technologies in education

23
Q

What is Embodied Cognition?

A

The more general involvement of bodily structures and process in cognition (e.g. the octopus, whose arms and suckers each display a unique intelligence process of their own)

24
Q

What is Embedded Cognition?

A

Outlines the layers of codetermination between an entity with the physical, cultural, and social aspects of their world

25
Q

What is Extended Cognition?

A

Cognition is offloaded into other biological beings or non-biological constructions to serve a variety of functions that would be impossible to be achieved only by relying on the agent’s own mental processes (e.g. a spider on it’s web)

26
Q

What is Enactive Cognition?

A

The necessity to develop meaningful interactions to things of our environment to make extended cognition possible

27
Q

What is 4E Cognition?

A

We humans rely on our complex relations with our technologies and environments to think and to learn

EDU 210 Midterm (5 decks)

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